Mó bài: AVCN 05
Giới thiệu: Bài học này giỳp học viờn tỡm hiểu khỏi niệm về tiền và cỏc chức
năng của nú trong nền kinh tế.
Mục tiờu:
- Sử dụng được những thuật ngữ liờn quan đến tiền tệ, chức năng của tiền; cỏch so sỏnh trong Tiếng Anh;
- Đọc hiểu và dịch được tài liệu liờn quan đến tiền và chức năng của tiền; - Nghiờm tỳc, cựng hợp tỏc với giỏo viờn để hoàn thành bài học.
Nội dung chớnh:
I. Vocabulary
- consent (n); sự ng thuận, sự chấp nhận
- medium of exchange(n); phơng tiện trao đổi
- trade (n); thơng mại, buôn bán, trao đổi
- circulate (v); luân chuyển, lu hành
- debt (n); nợ, nợ nần
- barter (n); sự đối lu hàng hoá, hàng đổi hàng
- barter economic system(n); hệ thống kinh tế hàng đổi
hàng
- quote (v); định giá, trích dẫn - installment (n); mua trả góp
II. Reading comprehension
The concept of money: Money is a commodity accepted by general
consent as a medium of economic exchange. It is the medium in which prices and values are expressed. It circulates from person to person and country to country, then facilitating trade, and it is the principal measure of wealth.
The functions of money: All modern societies use money. With money
people can easily trade goods and services with one another. That is money promotes trade. Money serves a medium of exchange, a measure of a unit of account, a store of value and a standard deferred payment. We discuss each of these functions of money in turn.
a. Money as a Medium of Exchange: Workers exchange labor services
for money. People buy or sell goods in exchange for money. Money is a medium through which people exchange goods and services. A medium of exchange is anything that widely accepted in payment for goods and services in settlement of debts. Money is the most common medium of exchange.
b. Money as a Measure of Value: The second function of money is as a
measure of value. Just as we need measurements of distances, weights, and energy, so we need measurements for the value of things offered at the market. Money measures value in its units of accounts. The unit of account is the unit in which prices are quoted and accounts are kept. In Britain prices are quoted in pound sterling. In the US - dollar, and in Vietnam - VND. The use of such units helps simplify the exchange of goods.
c. Money as a Store of Value: Money also functions as a store of value.
Money is a store of value because it can be used to make purchases in the future. This means that if we choose not to buy with our money today, we can save it to buy in the future. If money were a perfect store of value, we could buy the same items next year as we could today with the same amount of money. But money does function poorly as a store of value when there is inflation in the economy.
d. Money as a Standard of Deferred Payments: The last function of
money is a standard of deferred payments unit of account over time. When you buy something but do not pay for it immediately, your payment is expressed in term of money to be paid in the future. With the wide use of installment buying, this function of money has become increasingly important.
Answer the questions
1. What is money?
…………………………………………………………………………… 2. How many functions of money are there?
3. What are the functions of money?
…………………………………………………………………………… 4. What is the medium of exchange?
…………………………………………………………………………… 5. What is the unit of account?
…………………………………………………………………………… 6. Why is it said that money is a store of value?
…………………………………………………………………………… 7. Explain the 4th function of money: money as a standard of deferred payment?
……………………………………………………………………………
III. Word study
1. Put the words into the correct forms
1. In our company, we usually train new (employ)……………...
2. The most (fame) ……………... product of the Swatch Group is Swatch watch.
3. The company expands very (quick) ……………....
4. The company is (success) ……………... because their products have good quality and reasonable prices.
5. I am here to give presentation on our company’s (perform)
……………... in the quarter of this year.
6. Check that you have all your travel and business documents before your (depart) ………....
7. I am writing to give you some (instruct) ……………... on how to get to my apartment.
8. She is the main (design) ……………... of that fashion company 9. The good news is that our (sell) ……………... are up by 20% this month.
corporate – launched – commerce – circular - involved 1. Hong Kong has always been a center of ……………….
2. How many people are……………….in making the new product? 3. The latest model of our electric car will be………………. in 2011. 4. When a firm begins to do badly on the stock market, plans are often made to change its ……………….structure.
5. A letter that is sent to many different people in a company is called a …………….letter.
IV. Language focus
Comparison of adjectives or adverbs.
Look at the following sentence taken from the Reading passage:
“Money is the most common medium of exchange.”
Now complete the sentences with the correct comparative or
superlative form of the adjectives in brackets:
1. It’s much ................. (hard) to raise money from the Stock Exchange. 2. Increasing owner’s capital is the ................. (risky) way of raising money for investment.
3. The bank will be................. (cautious) than the securities markets. 4. Interest rates are much................. (high) this year than last.
5. The................. (safe) method of increasing working capital is to plough back profits.
6. A fixed-term loan is ................. (flexible) than a fluctuating overdraft. 7. On other hand, a medium-term loan is ................. (easy) to control than a fluctuating overdraft.
8. Venture capital is much................. (difficult) to raise than we are led to believe.
9. The Stock Exchange rules are much ................. (formal) than the USM.
2. Reorder the following conversation
A. Do you have a reservation? B. Thank you
C. Good evening, Sir.
D. One minute, please, sir… This way, please. E. Good evening. A table for two, please. F. No, We haven’t.
1……. 2……. 3……. 4…….
5……. 6…….
3. Fill the gap with one word
Soichiro Honda _______ a Japanese engineer and industrialist, and founder _______ Honda motor Co. Ltd. Soichiro was born _______ Hamamatsu, Japan.
Mr. Honda_______ his early childhood helping his father with his bicycle repair business. At that time, his mother was a weaver. _______ 15, without any formal education, Honda arrived in Tokyo to _______ for work. _______ obtained an apprenticeship _______a garage in 1922, and after some hesitation over his employment, he stayed for six years, _______ as a car mechanic before returning home to start his _______ auto repair business in 1928 at the age of 22.
4. Read and complete the profile of SBS SBS
SBS stands for Siemens Business Services. It is a division of the famous German Company Siemens. It is only 8 years old but it is already responsible for a considerable part of Siemens turnover. Siemens had the idea in 1995. A whole department of Siemens was at the time responsible for information and communication activities of Siemens. SBS is now one of the world’s leading providers in the area of electronic business solutions and services. Friedrich Froeschi is the CEO and SBS is now an independent division with 33,000 employees in 88 countries and turnover of 5.8 billion pounds. One of its largest customers is the British Government. SBS organizes and manage the passports
and national savings accounts for Britain in Europe. Its main competitors are IBM, Cap Gemini, and EDS. With growth in this market of at least 15% of the future looks bright for this German service company
Profile:
1. abbreviation of Siemens Business Services:….....
6. largest customers:……………………
2. division:…………………………… 7. turnover:……………………………... 3. years of business:…………………. 8. main competitors:……………………. 4. CEO:……………………..………… 9. number of employees:……………… 5. Activities:………………………......... 10. number of countries in operation:
Unit 6: accounting Mó bài: AVCN 06
Giới thiệu: Bài học này giỳp học viờn tỡm hiểu khỏi niệm kế toỏn. Mục tiờu:
- Sử dụng được cỏc thuật ngữ liờn quan đến kế toỏn, đồng thời sử dụng được cõu điều kiện loại 1;
- Đọc, hiểu và dịch được cỏc bài liờn quan đến kế toỏn. Làm được cỏc bài tập sử dụng động từ khuyết thiếu;
- Nghiờm tỳc, cựng hợp tỏc với giỏo viờn để hoàn thành bài học.
Nội dung chớnh:
I. Vocabulary
- accounting (n); nghề kế toán
- accountant (n); nhân viên kế toán
- obligation (n); trách nhiệm, nghĩa vụ pháp lý - entity (n); sự tồn tại, thực thể
- tax return (n); giấy khai thuế
- comfort (v): phù hợp, thích ứng, thích nghi
II. Reading comprehension
Some people think of accounting as a highly technical field which is practiced only by professional accountants. Actually, nearly everyone practices “accounting” in almost daily basis. Accounting is simply the means by which we measure and describe the results of economic activities. Whether you are managing a business, making investments, preparing your income tax return, or just paying your phone bill, you are working with accounting concepts and accounting information.
Accounting is so widely used in describing all types of business activities. Every investor, manager, and business decision maker needs a clear understanding of accounting terms and concepts if he or she is to participate and communicate effectively in the business community.
But the use of accounting information is not limited to the business world. We live in an era of accountability. An individual must account for his or her income and must file income tax returns. Often an individual must supply personal accounting information in order to qualify for a loan, to obtain a credit card, or to qualify for a college scholarship. The federal governments, the states, the cities, and the schools all use accounting information as a basis for controlling their resources and measuring their accomplishments.
The study of accounting should not be limited to student majoring in accounting or finance. Everyone who engages in economic activity will benefit from understanding the nature, significance, and limitations of accounting information. The basic purpose of accounting is to provide decision makers with information useful in making economic decisions.
There are many types of accounting information. These terms are often used in describing the types of accounting information most widely in the business community:
- Financial Accounting Information: financial accounting refers to information describing the financial resources, obligations, and activities of an economic entity (either an organization or an individual).
Financial accounting information is designed primarily to assist investors and creditors in deciding where to place their scarce investment resources. Such decisions are important to society, as they determined which companies and industries will receive the financial resource necessary for growth, and which will not.
However, many other decision makers also make use of financial accounting information. A company’s manager and employees constantly need such information in order to run and control daily business operations. For example, they need to know the amount of money in the company’s warehouse, and the amounts owed to specific creditors. Financial accounting also is used in
income tax returns. In fact, financial accounting information is used for so many different purposes.
- Management Accounting: Management accounting involves the development and interpretation of accounting information to aid management in running the business. Managers use this information in setting the company’s overall goals, evaluating the performance of departments and individuals, deciding whether to introduce a new line of products, and in making virtually all types of managerial decisions.
- Tax Accounting: The preparation of income tax returns is a specialize field within accounting. To a great extent, tax returns are based upon financial accounting information. However, the information is often adjusted or reorganized to conform to income tax reporting requirements.
Answer the questions.
1. What is accounting?
.............................................................................................................. 2. What is basic purpose of accounting?
.............................................................................................................. 3. What are types of accounting information?
.............................................................................................................. 4. What does Financial Accounting refer to?
.............................................................................................................. 5. What does Management Accounting involve in?
.............................................................................................................. 6. What is Tax Accounting?
..............................................................................................................
Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1. Accounting is practiced by only accountants.
3. If you are a director of a company, you don’t need to understand about accounting.
4. The schools don’t have to file income tax return.
5. Providing useful information in making economics decision is a basic purpose of accounting.
6. Finance accounting information help investors know when to fund their resources.
7. The company’s manager can run business operation successfully without financial accounting information.
8. Managers usually set overall goals of the company base on management accounting.
9. Tax accounting refers to aiding management in operating the business. 10. The information is changed when reporting income tax.
III. Word study
Complete the gap with one of the words from this box
Assets Tax capital income own debt
Owners Owe revenue lend invest bond
Fund Dividend shareholders loss interest borrow 1. Small companies often try to get bank loans when they need to................. money.
2. We don’t have sufficient ................. to build a completely new factory.
3. We are going to raise more money by selling new shares to our existing .................
4. We had to raise $50,000 ................. in order to start the business.
5. We are going to pay back some of the people who lent us money, and reduce our .................
6. I decided to buy a $10,000 ................. instead of shares, as it’s probably safer. 7. Another term for profit is .................
8. I think this is a good investment: it pays 8% .................
9. When they saw our financial statements, the bank refused to ................. us any more money.
10. The profit and ............... account shows if a company is receiving more or less than its spending.
11. If you don’t like taking risks, you should only ................. in very successful companies.
12. A company’s retained earnings belong to its .................
13. Anything a company uses to produce goods and services is an ................ 14. The company made such a big profit, I expected a higher ................. 15. We sold a lot more last year, so our ................. went up.
16. We ................. our suppliers $100,000 for goods bought on credit. 17. Everyone who buys a share ................. part of the company.
18. Thirty percent of our profits go straight to the government in .................
IV. Language focus
If clause (Type 1)
When we talk about future events that are reasonably likely and their results, we can use an if-sentence. The if-clause states the condition, and the other clause states the result.
Structure : If clause (present), S will do...
“Unless” means the same as if…not. It always refers to the conditional
part of the sentence and not the result part of the sentence.
Example: If: If the government raises taxes, consumer spending will
fall.
(If clause can come in the first part of the sentence or the second part)
Consumer spending will fall if the government raises taxes.
Unless: They won’t sign the contract unless we give them an additional
1. Put the verb in brackets into the correct tense.
1. If sales (go) ………..well this year, we will increase our products 2. We (sign) ………..the deal tomorrow unless something goes wrong 3. We will try to reduce our costs if sales (not/go) ……….. well this year 4. If his goods get damaged in transit, we (make) ……….. a claim
5. We (go) ……….. to have a bad year unless demand increases soon 2. Match the sentences (1-6) with the sentences (a-f)
1. She will accept the job 2. She won’t accept the job
3. Unless sales improve dramatically 4. If sales improve dramatically 5. Unless we pay them immediately 6. If we pay them immediately
a. Unless we give her the salary she wants
b. We will not make a loss this year c. They will not take legal action d. We will make a loss this year e. They will take legal action f. If we give her salary she wants 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________ 6.
________
V. Writing in business
1. Make questions for the underlined words or phrases.
1. We need someone to apply management skills to expand our Germany operation.
2. The board of director will make the final decision about this operation. 3. Government can limit imports by imposing an imports tax.
4. The director asked his various departments to submit their reports. 5. The employer must pay social security taxes for each worker. 6. The company will reply the order by e- mail.
7. The accounting department prepares a balance sheet every 30 march. 8. The Finance Ministry changed its fiscal policy.
9. My plane took off 4 hours late because of fog.
10. Production involves bringing together workers, machinery and raw materials to make goods.
2. Rewrite the sentences without changing their meanings
1. He manages the company very well.
He is a........................................................................................... 2. Last year, we saw a considerable decrease in our sales turnover.
There ............................................................................................ 3. What is the depth of this lake?
How .............................................................................................. 4. The boss has made a phone call to Madrid, which was 35 minutes.
The boss has made a 35................................................................ 5. The prices of our computers are the cheapest in this area.
The prices of our computers are not as......................................... 6. They built warehouse over there last year.