1. Một số kết quả đối chiếu, so sánh khi vận dụng phương pháp hướng dẫn đọc hiểu:
Trước đây khi làm bài tập reading đặc biệt là khi làm các đề thi thử thì phần đa học sinh đều chỉ đọc lướt qua thậm chí là khơng đọc bài vì thế nên việc lấy đáp án cho từng câu hỏi chỉ mang tính ngẫu nhiên khơng có căn cứ cụ thể. Tuy nhiên qua việc áp dụng kỹ năng đọc hiểu vào trong các tiết học và luyện đề tôi nhận thấy:
- Hầu hết học sinh hiểu cách đọc bài, khắc sâu được kiến thức bài học. - Học sinh hứng thú hơn khi được tiếp cận với những bài đọc hiểu mới.
- Giáo viên khơng cịn gặp q nhiều khó khăn trong việc thiết kế bài giảng đơn điệu như trong sách giáo khoa và cũng không gặp rắc rối trong việc triển khai các hoạt động vì học sinh đã biết cách làm bài.
- Để nhận thấy rõ hơn những ưu điểm và hạn chế của phương pháp sau mỗi loại câu hỏi tôi đã kiểm tra học sinh bằng các đoạn văn trích trong các đề thi thử THPT và kết quả rất khả quan. Trong những buổi đầu học sinh khơng tích cực tự giác làm bài vì các em thực sự chưa hiểu và nắm bắt được cách thức giải quyết nội dung câu hỏi, vị trí thơng tin cần tìm trong bài đọc, nhưng dần dần các em đã nắm rõ quy tắc vận dụng qua kiến thức chuyên đề mà giáo viên cung cấp, thông qua các phương pháp làm bài đã được cung cấp học sinh đã chịu khó đọc bài hơn để tìm đáp án cho câu hỏi và say mê với chuyên đề.
2. Phân tích, thống kê kết quả bài kiểm tra trắc nghiệm khách quan. a Trước khi thực hiện chuyên đề:
Lớp Tổng số Khá giỏi Phân loại học sinh
(điểm 7 trở lên) Trung bình(điểm 5-6) (điểm dưới 5)Yếu kém
12A3 42 3 (7,2%) 15 ( 35,7%) 24 ( 57,1%)
12A4 41 6 (14,6%) 16 (39,0%) 19 ( 46,4%)
b Sau khi thực hiện chuyên đề:
Lớp Tổng số Khá giỏi Phân loại học sinh
(điểm 7 trở lên) Trung bình(điểm 5-6) (điểm dưới 5)Yếu kém
12A3 42 8 (19%) 24 ( 57,2%) 10 ( 23,8%)
Qua bảng phân tích về điểm số đạt được trên tổng số học sinh tơi có đánh giá nhận xét như sau:
Đa số các em hiểu rõ nắm vững được nội dung bài học. Các em đã nắm được nội dung của chuyên đề. Trong hai lớp trên thì lớp 12A4 có kết quả khả quan hơn vì lớp có nhiều em học sinh khá hơn, bên cạnh đó thái độ học tập của các em cũng tốt hơn, chịu khó và nỗ lực vươn lên hơn trong quá trình học tập. Cịn lớp 12A3 mặc dù các em đã có cố gắng hơn nhưng kết quả vẫn cịn có một số điểm hạn chế do năng lực.
Cách so sánh đối chiếu trên đây chỉ mang tính chất tương đối. Bài soạn giảng theo quan điểm phát huy tính chủ động của học sinh bước đầu đã thu được kết quả khá đồng bộ. Điều đó cho thấy học sinh đã nắm được kiến thức cơ bản, tương đối đồng nhất, biết vận dụng kiến thức đã học vào bài kiểm tra trắc nghiệm khách quan.
15’s minutes test
Exercise 1: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 6.
Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go play some basketball in between hitting the books. Based on information they have collected over the years, researchers have seen an apparent connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a researcher at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. She says, “While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can literally cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do things that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a pediatrician, believes in
the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as
babies. “Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses,” says Barnes. “They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning.”
The benefits of exercise on the brain are not just for babies. Older people can beef up their brains by working out as well. Researchers at Cornell University studied a
group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to forty percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants, exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. Your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
Question 1: Which of the following best describes the main idea of this passage?
A. How exercise helps the brain B. How to exercise
C. How to get good scores on a test D. How the brain can change
Question 2: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Cameron thinks that stronger blood circulation leads to better concentration. B. Young people are not the subjects for the study conducted at Cornel University. C. In general, exercise that increases the heart rate is useful.
D. Cameron claims that exercise can probably make changes in the brain’s shape.
Question 3: The word “They” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. babies B. children C. learning disabilities D. five senses
Question 4: Why is yoga recommended for seniors?
A. It is easy on joints. B. It does not increase the heart rate. C. It includes learning new motions. D. It can be done in groups.
Question 5: The minimum amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is _____.
A. two hours per day B. two hours per week
Question 6: It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A. exercise should not be difficult for older people.
B. Judy Cameron strongly believes that exercise will help blood flow through the body more easily.
C. only children in high school have learning difficulties due to a lack of movement when they were babies.
D. the benefit of exercise on the brain can be seen in people of all ages.
Exercise 2: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your
answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 7.
Have you ever entered a tropical rainforest? It’s a special, dark place completely different from anywhere else. A rainforest is a place where the trees grow very tall. Millions of kinds of animals, insects, and plants live in the rainforest. It is hot and humid in a rainforest. It rains a lot in the rainforest, but sometimes you don’t know it’s raining. The trees grow so closely together that rain doesn’t always reach the ground.
Rainforests make up only a small part of the Earth’s surface, about six percent. They are found in tropical parts of the world. The largest rainforest in the world is the Amazon in South America. The Amazon covers 1.2 billion acres, or almost five million square kilometers. The second largest rainforest is in Western Africa. There are also rainforests in Central America, Southeast Asia, Northeastern Australia, and the Pacific Islands.
Rainforests provide us with many things. In fact, the Amazon Rainforest is called the “lungs of our planet” because it produces twenty percent of the world’s oxygen. One fifth of the world’s fresh water is also found in the Amazon Rainforest. Furthermore, one half of the world’s species of animals, plants, and insects live in the Earth’s rainforests. Eighty percent of the food we eat first grew in the rainforest. For example, pineapples, bananas, tomatoes, corn, potatoes, chocolate, coffee, and sugar all came from rainforests. Twenty-five percent of the drugs we take when we are sick are made of plants that grow only in rainforests. Some of these drugs are even used to fight and cure cancer. With all the good things we get from rainforests, it’s surprising to find that we are destroying our rainforests. In fact, 1.5 acres, or
6,000 square meters, of rainforest disappear every second. The forests are being cut down to make fields for cows, to harvest the plants, and to clear land for farms. Along with losing countless valuable species, the destruction of rainforests creates many problems worldwide. Destruction of rainforests results in more pollution, less rain, and less oxygen for the world.
Question 1: What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Facts about rainforests B. How much oxygen rainforests make C. Kinds of forests D. Where rainforests are located
Question 2: The phrase “make up” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. have B. form C. play D. do
Question 3: According to the passage, the rainforests provide all of the following
EXCEPT?
A. drugs used to fight and cure cancer B. crude oil
C. fresh water D. oxygen
Question 4: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. It is easy to know if it is raining in the rainforest.
B. Most of the food we eat originates from the rainforest.
C. The Amazon Rainforest uses much of the world’s oxygen.
D. The area of the rainforest is slowly becoming smaller.
Question 5: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ______.
A. rainforest B. the world’s oxygen C. our planet D. Amazon rainforest
Question 6: The word “destroying” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. conserving B. planting C. damaging D. protecting
Question 7: What is the most likely reason why the author is surprised that we are
destroying rainforests?
A. They are necessary for the fight against cancer. B. It will be too difficult to grow food without the C. It will be too expensive to replant them.
D. They are necessary for the health of our planet.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 4.
It is not surprising that the birthplace of cola was the hot and humid American South. This region had long specialized in creating delicious soft drinks. A druggist in Atlanta, Georgia named John Pemberton created the most well–known drink brand in the world in the 1880s. However, it seems clear that he had no idea how big it would become.
Like many American pharmacists of the day, Pemberton was opposed to the drinking of alcohol and wanted to produce a stimulating soft drink. First, he made "the French Wine of Coca," made from the coca leaf. Then he began to experiment with the cola nut. Eventually, he managed to make a combination of the two that he thought was sweet, but not too sweet. Deciding that "the two C's would look well in advertising," he named it Coca–Cola.
Pemberton's invention caught on fairly quickly. By 1905, "Coke" was being advertised all over the country as "The Great Natural Temperance Drink." The drink enjoyed additional success since there was a large and popular temperance movement in the US at that time. In the 1920s, alcohol was outlawed, and sales of Coke rose significantly. However, they continued to rise even after the law was repeated.
Another reason for Coke's popularity was good business sense. A year after he invented it, Pemberton had sold Coca–Cola to Asa Griggs Candler for only $283.26! Candler was a marketing genius, and by the time he sold the Coca–Cola Company in1919, it was worth $25 million.
(Source: https://en.islcollective.com)
Question 1: Which of the following would be the best title for the reading?
A. The Invention and History of Coca–Cola B. Cola is the World’s Most Popular Soft Drink C. The Temperance Movement and Coke’s success D. John Pemberton created Coca–Cola.
Question 2: All of the followings are true of Pemberton EXCEPT that _______.
B. he combined the coca leaf and cola nut to make “French wine” C. he produced stimulating alcohol from coca leaves and cola nuts D. he made “French wine of Coca” from the cola nut
Question 3: Which of the following is responsible for Coke’s additional success?
A. The temperance movement B. Its attracting name C. Pemberton’s good business sense D. Coca–Cola’s great taste
Question 4: The word “he” in paragraph 4 refers to_______.
A. business sense B. Candler C. Coke's popularity D. Pemberton
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 5 to 9.
Cambridge University is considering axing compulsory written exams, allowing students to use laptops or iPads instead, after tutors complained that students' handwriting is becoming illegible. Academics say the move, which would bring an end to over 800 years of tradition, has come about because students rely too heavily on laptops in lectures, and are losing the ability to write by hand.
Dr Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at Cambridge University, said handwriting is becoming a ''lost art'' among the current generation of students. She added, ''It's increasingly hard for our examiners to read students' scripts. Those with
illegible writing are forced to come back to their college during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud in the presence of two university administrators. It's extraordinarily commendable that the University is considering reforms to its examination practices.''
Sir Anthony Seldon, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Buckingham, said it is inevitable that universities will move to computers as handwriting deteriorates in the coming years. ''We have to accept the reality. Handwriting has now become an optional, not a necessary, part of education. There simply isn't the same time in the curriculum for learning elegant, beautiful handwriting. Life is so quick now. Everybody writes as if they were a doctor writing a prescription,'' he said. ''Handwriting is not necessary for great thought, great English, or great intelligence. Some of our finest wordsmiths today write using laptops, and we have to fight to
preserve what is really important, such as the use of great English or great sentence structures.''
Others, however, were not very positive about the move. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert, urged Cambridge to ensure that students continue to write by hand. She said, ''It's vital that people continue to write by hand. Writing by hand improves memory and equates to a higher rate of comprehension and information retention.'' There is also concern that schools could follow Cambridge's example by moving away from handwriting. Dr Jane Medwell, Associate Professor of Education at the University of Nottingham, is concerned that scrapping handwritten exams in universities could prompt ''downward curriculum pressure'' on primary and secondary schools to follow suit.
(Adapted from http://www.telegraph.co.uk)
Question 5: Which of the following best serves as the title for the passage?
A. Cambridge University in an Attempt to Improve Students' Handwriting B. Cambridge University Pondering Changes to its Exam Practices
C. Cambridge University Attacked again for Abolishing Written Exams D. Cambridge University to Replace Written with Oral Exams
Question 6: According to paragraph 1, Cambridge University has a long-standing tradition
of ______.
A. offering academic tutorials B. organising handwritten exams
C. relying heavily on technology D. training students in legible handwriting
Question 7: The word ''Those'' in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. examiners B. students C. scripts D. administrators
Question 8: As mentioned in paragraph 4, writing by hand can ______.
A. enhance the ability to remember information B. guarantee desirable academic performance C. facilitate the process of information exchange D. relieve students of unnecessary pressure
Question 9: Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Cambridge University’s move away from handwriting has already set an unprecedented example for other schools to follow.
B. Sarah Pearsall acknowledged handwriting as an art form to be preserved among the current generation of students at Cambridge University.
C. Sir Anthony Seldon claimed that learning to use great English was more important than learning to write by hand beautifully.
D. Most of the tutors at Cambridge are skeptical of the university's decision regarding handwritten exams.
Exercise 4:
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 4.
Marriage nowadays is a choice people make on their own, but this has not always been the case in society. Thousands of years ago, the average lifespan was shorter than it is today. A man usually lived until he was about 40 years old, while women died even sooner because of childbirth. There were many wars and illnesses, and people had to protect themselves by having more children while they were still