(Di thi tuydn sinh dqi hoc mdn [/qt li ndm 2012)
Hwdmg ddn gidi: Bi6n d0
A= r[A? +36-6A,(.*).
Khi kh6o s6t sy bi6n thi6n cria bi6n d0,4 theo
4, dC ddng thdy ring A cgc tiiSu khi
4 =3cm. Do d6:
tanq: = -.6;
Suy ra rp = -!rad. Ddp dn B &ing.
DANG 4. Bdi tQp tiing hqp .cdc, dao dQng
didu hda cilng pltuong, cilng tdn s6
Khi tdng hqp hai dao clQng cli6u hoa ctng
phucrng, ctng tAn s6: x1: ,A1cos(cot + q),x2: A2cos(ot + e2), ta duoc dao dQng t6ng x2: A2cos(ot + e2), ta duoc dao dQng t6ng
hgp cims ld mQt dao tl6ng diAu hda c6 ctng
tAn s6 at vli cilc dao d6ng thdnh phAn:x=Acos(ail+q).Oddy x=Acos(ail+q).Oddy A=@, , Atsinqa, + A2sincp2 ' Alcoscpl + A2cosg2 3sin1. u.t"[-;) 3cosr. u""r[-;)
6rup rM 6rir ilHAilH Bir rAp uOl Hos nfu o0
ntrue rnf0[e pnlr nio toiu ueurflu t0
1. uor DUNG PHUdNG pnAp aAo roAu
HeuvEu rd
- Co s0 cira phucrng p.hirp : Trong phdn ung hod hpc, cdc nguyAn t6 &rqc bdo todn.
^: : ,
- Tong s6 mol nguyAn ilr cila mQt nguy€n t6
trong cac chdt tham gia phan tqns biins t6nS
s6 mol nguy€n t* cfia nguyAn fi dd trong cdc
chdt tqo thdnh sau phdn drng.
- Tinh nhanh sd mol nguy6n tu, nh6m nguy6n
tO:
: " --
fing.ar X : s6 ng.ttf X x /ldon chiit/hw
"t"i, "i,o x (mOD
flnhonns.wx:,s6 nh6m lS.ttr x naqrt ltttq"na (mo[)
Vi du : DOt ch6y h6n hqrp gdm C2Ha, CzHa,C2H2, H2 thu dugc COz vit H2O thl theo b6o C2H2, H2 thu dugc COz vit H2O thl theo b6o
toin nguy6nt6 H,ta c6 :
2nuzo = 2nczaz + 4ngrH^ + 6ngrsu + 2ns,
- Su dgng phuong nlr6p bao toin nguy€n t6
khi srga lugng ch6t cAn tinh vi lugng chdt de
bi6t d6u cd chaa cirng mQt nguyAn fi hoSc
^:
mQl nhom nguyen to.
2. Tr{i DU M|NH HoA
*Thi dV l. Ddn V lit (dktc) hdn hqp X gdm
axetilen vd hidro co kh6i laqrlg :, lit m gam di
qua 6ng su dqrng bQt niken nung n6ng, thu
duqc h1n hqp kh{ Y. Ddn Y vdo lwqng dttAgN&,trong dung dich NHt, thu duqc 12 AgN&,trong dung dich NHt, thu duqc 12
gam kil tila. Kht ili ra kh6i dung dich phan
rmg wba dil viri 76 gam brom vd cdn lqi khi Z. E6t chdy hodn todn khi Z duqc 2,24 l{t khi
COz(dktc) va 4,5 gam H2O. Gid tri da V ld :
A.71,2. 8. 13,44. C. 5,60. D. 8,96.
{Ee thi th* Dqi hpc lin 2 * THPT chuyAn Hitng Vwong - Phil Thp, ndm hsc 2013 - 2014)
Hwimg ddn gidi
o Cdch l: T[nh todn theo phwrng trinh phdn
*ns
Theo giA thi6t, suy ra '. Y g6m C2H2, C?Ho,
CzHo vd c6 th6 c6 Hz. Z c5 C2H6vd c6 th6 c6
Hz.
NGUYEN MINH TUAN (GV THPT chuydn Hung Vuong, Phl Thq) Dga vdo sti mol c'i:r- cbc chdt Brz, CzAgz,
COz,HzO vd bin ch6t phin tmg,tac6
C2Ha + Br2 -+ C2HaBr2 (mol): 0,1 <- 0,1 CrH, --W--+ C2Ag2 { (mol): 0,05 <- 0,05 CrH6 + 3,502 --L+ 2CO2+ 3H2O (mol): 0,05 <- 0,1 + 0,15 2Hr+O,'" >2HrO (mol) : 0,1 <- (0,25 - 0,15) = 9,1 C2H2 + H, --!1-!\ C2Ha (mol): 0,1 <- 0,1 <- 0,1 C2H2+zHz+czH6 (mol): 0,05 <- 0,1 +- 0,05 ^ lnr2trongx =0r3; flg2g2yr6nga =0r2 Suy ra - "J -" : 1,,' lVr,o*"t:Vczuz 4Vuz:ll'2lit o Cdch 2,: Sti dqng phuong phdp bdo todn
nguyAn fi
Theo gi6 thi6t, suy ra :
ficza2 ao = frCzAsz = 0,05 mOI;
llczH4 = nBr2 = 0rl mol;n11ro = 0,25 mol
NhQn xit : Cac chdt trong X diu chra 2nguyAn n) H. Mfit khdc, s6 mol cua CzHz du, nguyAn n) H. Mfit khdc, s6 mol cua CzHz du,
CzHqvd HzO dAu dA biet. Y$y 6p dUng b6o toan
nguy6,n td Hldtf$ dugc s6 mol cirah6nhqpX
Vi thC kh6ng m6t nhi€u thoi gian vitit phuongtrinh phan img vd tinh to6n nlu,cAch 1. trinh phan img vd tinh to6n nlu,cAch 1.
Ap dUng bio toin nguydn t0 d6i vfi H, ta c6 :
2(ns, + nczuz) = 2 nczuz a,1 t 4 n62pa * 2 nHrs
\-----------v- !----vJ
-J
n x 0,05 0,1 0,25
) v7, - 0,5 mol ) Vx @ut) =ll,2lit.
Dhp 5nA.
*Thi d+ 2. Oxi hod 2,3 gam ancol erylicbdng CuO dun ndng, thu dwqc 3,3 gam hin bdng CuO dun ndng, thu dwqc 3,3 gam hin
hW X gim andehit, axit, ancol dr vd nwbc.
Hdn hq)p ndy tdc darng h6t vni Na ,cinh ra A,84 CzHsOH da, HOH c6 nguy€n t* H linh dQng
lit Ht {dktc). I{i€u sui* phdn ung' oxi had trong nhdm -OH nAn tham gia phdn ilmg thZ
ancol li : Na gidi phdng Hz, CH3CHO kh6ng tham gia
4.25%. 8.50%. C.75%. D.90%. phinimgndy.
(Di thi thi' tdn 2 - Trwrlng TI\I'T Cdtn KhA - S,i AUng bit todn nguyQn tO O trong ph6n
Phil Thp, ndm kpc 2013 - 2014) img oxi ho5 ancol vi bio toin nguy6n t6 H
Hudng ddn gidi cira nh6m
-oH trongphin img cua X voi Na,
o Cdchl: Tinhtodntheophuongtrinhphdntms, ta c6 :
fhOi luqng h5n hqp Xtdng l6n so v6i kh6i - a-^
luqng ancol ban tr6u td do rugng o t ong}rb 1'*'tncnzcoou =tLophtn'ine =0'0625
pftb""ung Oa
"fr"V$n vito H2O vd CHtCOOH. ln'o' + ncutcoon * frcznsou an - 2nuz = 0'07 5Theo dA bni : ns, = 0,0375 mol; lrrrrro, * = 0,0125 Theo dA bni : ns, = 0,0375 mol; lrrrrro, * = 0,0125
ltcuo phd,tns = lts oy6n,tns = (3,3 -2,3):16 = 0,062t = 1r: O,Ot= 9:Otr, =75o/oGgi s5 mol ctra ancol.tham gia phin img t4o L 0,05 Ggi s5 mol ctra ancol.tham gia phin img t4o L 0,05
thanh andehit vd axit ldn luqt ldx,y vd sO mol Ddp 6n C.
ancolduldz. *Thi d$ 3. Odr chrry hoart todn 0,1 niol mtit
Phuong trinh phin img : ancol don chw"c trong A,7 mol O2 @w), thuCTHTOH + CuO -+ CHTCHO + Cu + H2O dwqc t,ing ,:6 nto! c',i,' kh i vit hoi bang 1 mo{. CTHTOH + CuO -+ CHTCHO + Cu + H2O dwqc t,ing ,:6 nto! c',i,' kh i vit hoi bang 1 mo{. (mol) x -+ -r -+ x Khdi lwrug {ganz) ,tncal ban ddu dem dot
C2H5OH +2CuO -+CH3COOH +2Cu+HrO
(mol) y -+2y -+ y -+ y
2CrHrOH +2Na -+2C.rHrONa+ H, (mol) z -> 0,52
ZCruCOOH +2Na -+2CH3COONa+ H,
(mol) y -) 0,5y2H2O+2Na -+2NaOH + H2 2H2O+2Na -+2NaOH + H2
(mol) (x+y) -+ 0,5(x+ y)
chdy la :
A.9,6. 8.6,p. L'.9,0. D.7,4.
(Di rhi tuy[7, trnf Dqi hpc kll6i B nant 2A14's
Hwdng ddn gidi
Theo b6o todn nguy6nt6 C, H, O,ta co :
frr, = x.frcru yo, Zrtruzo = !.nc*a roI nc,, ,o * 2ns2 pu = 2ngcD * lt nzo I nc,, ,o * 2ns2 pu = 2ngcD * lt nzo ln, ou : ncDbd - noz pr fnr, = O,lx; n yrs = 0, 05/ = 1nrp,r = 0,lx+ 0,025y -0,05 ln, ou = 0,7 5 - 0,lx - 0,025 y ^ J rrrrr. H2o. 02 d,,t = o,o25y* o, 75 = I - lnrp,r = 0,1x + 0,025y - 0, 05 I no2 aa = 0,7 ly=lO ly=10;x=4 )1' ' =t" fr. 5' lmsaaloo =7,4 gam lrrrnron ua = xI ! *z = 0,05
= 1rr, : 0,5y + O,5z + 0,5x + O,5y = 0,037 5lncuoou =x+2!:0.0625 lncuoou =x+2!:0.0625
fx = 0,0125 y = 0,025; z = 0,0125- 1 r_ 0,05 -0,01 25 - 1 r_ 0,05 -0,01 25
= 75o/o
l. 0,05
o Cdch 2r: St) &.tng phaong phap bdo todn
nguy€n t6 So il6 ph6n img :
Bin chdt phin img (1) ld C2H5OH bl oxi ho6bdi CuO, kIOi luqng hdn hqp sau phin (mg bdi CuO, kIOi luqng hdn hqp sau phin (mg t6ng l6n ld do O lrong CuO chuydn vdo H2O
vd CHzCOOH. O phin img (2), CruCOOH,
Ddp 6nQ.
*Thf dg 4. Cha 0,1 mrsl CI-I3COOH vdo cdc
chna 30 ml dung dich ROH ZAY;(D :1,2 ghnl, R.l,i rndt kim loai kiA@. Cd can (D :1,2 ghnl, R.l,i rndt kim loai kiA@. Cd can
ttung diclx sau p!,ran wng rii dAt chq kaAn
todn chdt rdn khnn thi thu drqc 9,54 gam
,; J .
cluit rdn va ci m gam hdn hqp gdrn COt, hryi
nuoc bav ra. Gid tri cua m ld :
A. 1q,02. B. 9,1. C.7,54. D.8,26.(DA illi thu'Dqi hoc: lan \ - TtlP'f chuydn KHTIi -- (DA illi thu'Dqi hoc: lan \ - TtlP'f chuydn KHTIi --
Hmlmg ddn gidi
Sau t6t cd cdc phin img, R trong ROH dA
chuy6n h6t vdo RoCOe.
Ap dqng b6o todn nguyCn tO d6i vdi R, ta c6 :
^ 30.1,2.20yo ^ 9,54rtRoH = /-ttazcot = O *, : z. ,pa 60 rtRoH = /-ttazcot = O *, : z. ,pa 60
+ R = 23 (Na); fiRoH =0,18; nprgq:0,09.So d6 phin img : So d6 phin img : HrO Bes /;# 0.1smol / uI(m{d \-J \ O.lml \ I {#tryz.w.W"I
Ap dsng bio todn nguyen to a6i ttiT{u
cho tohn bQ qu6 trinh phin img, ta c6 :
| 2 ncu{oon = fl nzco3 + ncoz
r-
I 0., o'oe ?
| 4 nrrrroo, i n aou. = 2nuzo rl + 2 nxr6 r21
l\-----:-- ---- \---:- I ol 0.16 o.l ? - lrr, = 0,1 I mol n11rs 12; = 0,l9 mol --\1
l*: *ro, * trluzo(zt =8,26 gam
DLp 6nD.
*Thi dg 5. Cho 6,A8 sam chdt hfiu co X
chttra C, H, O tdc dqng voi dung dich NaOIIvi'a du, sau dd chu'ng kh6 thi phin bay ho'i vi'a du, sau dd chu'ng kh6 thi phin bay ho'i clti c6 nuttt:, phAn chh rdn khan cdn lqti chu.a
hai mu6i cita natri chidm khdi lryng 9,44
:,
gum. I'lung hai muoi ndy trong oxi du', stt'u khi
phan ung hodn todn thtt dr.r.o'c 6,36 gam
NazCOt, 5,824 l{t khi COz @ktc) vd 2,52 gam
ru,ro'c. Sd mol axi co trong X ld :
4.0,24. B. 0,06. C.0,12. D.0,20.
1Di thi thu'Dqi hoc tin 1 * THPT'Ydn Lqtt: *
Wnh Phil<:, ndm hlc 2An - 2014)
Hwimg ddn gidi
Ggi s6 mol H2O sinh ra trong phin rmg thriy phdn vd ph6n img <lOt cnay Dn luqt ld ns2s111
vdnpr612.,. Ap dpng bio toin nguy€n td Na
cho toin b0 qu6 trinh phin img vd b6o todn
kh6i lugng trong phin img cua X v1i NaOH,
tac6:
(^
I n *oo, = 2/t uozcot = 2.6,36 : 106 : 0,12
I
1m* + fltNooH = t/t-,6.i l-78 nuro tr,
ILJ
L 6.08 0.12.40 9.44 ?) ltuzo (t) = 0,08 mol. ) ltuzo (t) = 0,08 mol.
Theo bio todn nguy€n td C, H vir gitr thi6t, ta
c6:
= ltco2 * l?uazCOl = 0132
LYJ \_____vJ
0,26 0,06
= 2nazo 0) * 2nH2s 121 - llNooH.= 0,32
o,o8 o,r+ o'12
6,08 - 0,32.12-0,32
=0,12 (mol).
Dhp 6nC.
*Thi drl 6. Xir phdng hoct hodn toan 0,1 mr-s!
mQt este no, don ch,,rc bdng 26 gam dumg r)ic'h MOlt 2S% (M h kim loai kiin), r6i ti€n hdnh
':
clrattg cat san plrum, thu du'qc 26,12 gant
chit ldrtg X vd 12,88 gant ch,at rdn khan Y.
E6t chdy hodn todn chdt rdn Y, t'hu dao.'t:H2O, !/.1{t COz(dktc) t,d 8,97 gom tn6t mudi H2O, !/.1{t COz(dktc) t,d 8,97 gom tn6t mudi day nhdt. Gid tri cua V la;
A.5,2641it. B.14,2241it.
C. 6,160lit. D. 5,600lit.
t6
(DA thi c:hQn hQc ,sinh gi(ti tmk Nam Dinh,
ndm hoc 2A1l - 2012) Hutng ddngi,fii
Theo gi6 tlriet vd b6o toan nguy6n t5 M,ta c6 :