( 9 2 8 - 0 6 7 ) Do Canh Thac td tien von ngtfdi d Quang
L a n g , T r u n g Quoc. Cha dng la D d Tac, me la T r a n T h i Tho, gia d i n h t h t f d n g l a m viec tot, chuyen lam nghe y c t f u ngtfdi, l a i h a y chan cap giup dd nhtfng ngtfdi ngheo k h d . A i cung k h e n day l a gia d i n h tich dtfc.
N a m Do Cong 37 t u d i , ba T r a n T h i 36 t u d i van chtfa cd con cai. M o t dem, h a i dng ba m d n g m i thay h a i con gau ttf t r e n k h o n g t r u n g giang xudng trtfdc san, n h a y m u a t u n g t a n g . H a i vd chong dng bat dtfOc m o t con, t h e r o i c a m tfng m a cd mang. Den ngay 12 t h a n g 5 n a m M a u T y (928) s i n h ra mot cau con t r a i , p h o n g t u d i n h d i , dang mao k h o i ngd, qua la m o t bac sieu p h a m . O n g ba dat t e n con la C a n h Thac. L d n len, C a n h Thac t a i k i e m v a n vd.
N a m 18 t u d i , D d C a n h Thac cung N g u y l n Thu Tiep, P h a m Bach H o , L y K h u e , N g u y l n Khoan...
rdi T r u n g Quoc x u d n g dat V i e t t a phd giup Ngo ViiOng Quyen. D e n k h i Ngo V i i d n g Q u y e n qua ddi, ho t r d t h a n h cac s i i q u a n cat c i i , x t f n g hu n g, x i i n g ba, moi ngiidi m o t phiiOng. Sit quan Do Canh Thac
chon dat Dong Giang (nay thudc T h a n h Oai, t i n h
Ha Tay) dap thanh, dao hao, trd thanh mot trong
nhiing sii quan manh nhat luc bay gid. C a n h Thac
lay ho ciia m i n h dat d a n h h i e u cho dong song Dong Giang la D d D o n g Giang. O n g lap h a n h cung gdm 72 co sd, t u tao t h u y e n chien, t i c h trtf h i d n g thao, ngay dem l u y e n t a p si tot, chd t h d i cd d a n h lay ca nUdc N a m Viet.
Luc bay gid, d Hoa Lu", D i n h Bd L i n h gap t h d i day nghia, cd D i n h Dien, N g u y e n Bac, Le H o a n giup siic n e n d a n h d a u t h a n g dd, x t f n g la V a n Thang Viidng. Cac stf q u a n khac da b i D i n h Bd L i n h danh dep, duy chi con stf q u a n D d C a n h Thac ma thdi.
M o t hdm, D i n h Bd L i n h b a n m i i u cung cac ttfdng si rang: 'Do Canh Thac tri dung miiu ItfOc,
chi cd the thang bang ke, chit khong thang bang liic dMc". The' r d i , n h a n luc dem t d i , Bd L i n h chia
q u a n t h a n h 4 dao t i e n d a n h C a n h Thac. Canh Thac b i d a n h b a t ngd, 72 t r a i b i chia cat, d a u dudi k h o n g d n g c d u dtfdc n h a u . T a t t h a y t h a n h l u y , ddn t r a i , l t f d n g thtfc, t h u y e n chien, k h i gidi deu b i Bo L i n h tiidc doat, p h a p h a c h t a n t a n h . C a n h Thac t a p hop b i n h ltfc d a n h n h a u v d i Bo L i n h m o t nam t r d i . L t f d n g h d q u a n n h a u quyet liet. M o t h d m giao chien v d i D i n h B d L i n h , C a n h Thac b i m o t m u i ten lac l a m sat t h i i d n g , l a i b i b e n h sot l i e n m i e n , thay k h o n g t h e dich l a i diidc v d i Bo L m h , dng ben chon 10 t a y t h u y e n de b i m a t r u t ve Bac quoc. N h i i n g ve tdi n u i D o n g L i n h p h u L a n g G i a n g ( L a n g Sdn) t h i dng b i m a t . Horn do l a n g a y 25 t h a n g 10 n a m D i n h M a o (967). N h a n d a n v u n g D d D o n g G i a n g l a p ddn t h d dng t h a y r a t l i n h d n g .
D e n ddi L y T h a i To, dng dtfdc b a n sac phong la T h t f d n g D a n g T h a n , l a i ctf stf sang n h a Tdhg ke het cong t r a n g cua dng. N h a T d h g t h a y D i n h Tien H o a n g d u n g m a n h nhtf t h e m a D d C a n h Thac mot t h a n d a m chohg l a i b e n phong cho dng la Doc Nhi
VE V U O N G D I N H T O A N
( 9 7 4 - 1 0 0 1 ) Dinh Toan co sach chep la Dinh Due, hay
D i n h Tue, s i n h n a m Giap T u a t (974), m a t n a m T a n Sdu (1001).
D i n h T i e n H o a n g co n a m H o a n g hau. D i n h Toan la con ba Du'dng V a n Nga. V u a D i n h co ba Hoang t d , n h t f n g r a t c t f n g con t h d l a H a n g L a n g , nen t h a n g Gieng n a m 977, lap H a n g L a n g l a m T h a i t d . D i n h L i e n la con tru'dng, co n h i e u cong lao danh dep va b a n g giao v d i n h a Tong, k h o n g dtfdc vua cha phong T h a i t d , tdc gian, ong da sai ngu'di giet chet T h a i t d H a n g L a n g vao dau n a m K y M a o (979). D e n t h a n g 10 n a m 979, D i n h T i e n H o a n g va D i n h L i l n deu b i D6 T h i c h giet h a i . L u c nay, Dinh
Toan mdi len 6 tudi, dtfcfc trieu than ton len noi ngoi vua c^a. Du'dng V a n N g a dtfdc phong la T h a i
hau, D i n h Quoc Cong N g u y e n Bac dtfdc giao l a m Phu C h i n h .
I t l a u sau, T h a p Dao T u d n g q u a n L e H o a n va D u o n g T h a i H a u co t i n h r i e n g v d i n h a u . Le Hoan t u xUng la Phd VUdng, giU q u y e n n h i e p chinh. D i n h D i e n v a N g u y e n Bac l a h a i De n h a t cong t h a n n h a D i n h , so L e H o a n chiem ngoi n h a Dinh, l i e n k h d i b i n h chong l a i , b i L e H o a n giet chet ca. L e H o a n l e n n g o i v u a ( t h a n g 7 n a m 980), Binh
Toan bi giang xudng la Ve Vtfdng n h u cu, va vang
ldi me l a DUdng T h a i H a u , v a n m o t long pho ta Le H o a n . D i d a n h dep cac n o i , Ve V u o n g v a n dUOc Le H o a n cho l a m t u d n g b e n canh n h a vua.
Nam Tan Situ (1001), V e vUdng D i n h Toan theo
vua Le D a i H a n h d i dep loan d C u L o n g (Thanh Hoa), chang m a y t r u n g p h a i t e n doc cua giac, chet
luc mdi 27 tudi. L e H o a n 6 m xac D i n h Toan vo
cung thUOng xdt, k e u t r d i l e n 3 t i e n g .
Sau n a y l a p den t h d v u a D i n h , D i n h Toan cung D i n h L i e n va D i n h H a n g L a n g deu dUOc tac tUdng t h d ben canh D i n h T i e n H o a n g .
T H O S U
D I N H C O N G T 1 U ?
Dinh Cong Tri* la than phu Dinh Bo Lmh,
que d l a n g D a i Hutu, nay la xa Gia PhUOng, h u y e n Gia Vien, t i n h N i n h B i n h .
Ong lam Thtf stf Hoan Chau (Nghe an) '1 ) ve doi Dtfdng Binh Nghe. Sau k h i K i e u Cong T i e n giet
hai DUdng D i n h Nghe ( t h a n g 3-937), ong l u i ve 0 an d Hoa L u . Nam 939, Ngo Quyen len ngoi, ong
lai dtfdc vdi ra pho Ngo Quyen, van gitf chtfc cu, nhtfng chang bao lau ong bi benh mat.
Con t r a i ong la D i n h Bo L i n h dUng nen co nghiep nha D i n h .
TA THAN VE T U d N G Q U A N L Y C O N G U A N
( 9 7 4 - 1 0 2 8 ) Ly Cong Uan la vua lap nen trieu Ly, que d
chau Co Phap, 16 Bac G i a n g , nay la D i n h Bang, h u y e n Tii Sdn, t i n h Bac N i n h .
T h a n m a u ong la ba P h a m T h i . T t f d n g truyen, ba d i chdi d chua T i e u S d n( 1 )
, c u n g giao duyen vdi T h a n n h a n , ve cd m a n g , sinh ra dng vao ngay 12
thdng 2 nam Giap Tudt (974). L e n 3 t u d i , me bi
mat, ong l a m con n u d i cho t h i e n stf L y K h a n h Van, dan g i a n cho r a n g dng la con cua t h i e n stf Van H a n h , a n h r u d t L y K h a n h V a n .
Sau, L y Cong U a n theo hoc stf V a n H a n h 6 chua L u c To, dtfdc n h a stf k h e n "Diia be nay khong
phai ngiidi thtfdng. Sau nay ldn len, tat cd the gidi quyet dtfcfc moi viec khd khan, lam vua gidi trong thien ha"^2\
(l)Chua Tieu San nay thuoc xa Bong Tho, huyen Yen Phong, Bac Ninh.
D e n t u d i t r u d n g t h a n h , Ly Cong Uan thong
minh, tdi kiem van vd. Ong lam quan nhd Tien Le, den chiic Td Than Ve Dien Tien Chi Huy SU, la
chdc q u a n coi viec cung cam, k i e m cac ban true dien tien. V o n triidc day, dng l a m q u a n t h d i Le T r u n g T o n (1005). Le T r u n g T o n b i Le L on g D i n h giet ciidp m a t ngoi. O n g dm xac T r u n g T o n dam dia m a u chay ma khdc, L o n g D i n h k h e n la ngu'di t r u n g m d i cho l a m q u a n t d i chdc Tii Sxidng Qudn^\
phd chi huy sii.
N h a T i e n Le suy v i v i Le Ngoa T r i e u (Le L o n g Dinh) bao ngiidc, a n chdi xa hoa, t r i e u t h a n la Dao Cam Mdc n g a m m i i u v d i sii V a n H a n h thiidng khuyen L y Cong U a n hay san sang l a t dd nha le.
Nam Ky Dau (1009), luc nay L y Cong U a n 35
tudi, cung H d u D i e n T i e n C h i H u y Sd la N g u y e n (2)
De dem hdn 500 q u a n T u y long (binh theo vua), vao cung t h a n h Hoa L i i canh gid. N h a n t h d i cd, Dao Cam Mdc giuc dng h a n h ddng. N h a n luc vang
(1)Ti? slicing la bon mat thanh. Tii stfOng quan goi chung la
quan dpi, vi la quan dpi chia dong d bon mat thanh.
(2) Nguyin De Id con trai cd cua Dinh Quoc Cong Nguyen Bac
ngu'di,. Dao C a m Moc gdi y bao L y Cong U a n nen theo T h a n g V u , t r e n t h u a n dao t r d i , dii6i hdp long dan, len ngoi T h i e n T u \ t h a y Ngoa T r i e u n g u toi, bao ngiidc. V u a Ngoa T r i e u m a t , L e T h a i H a u (me Vua Ngoa T r i e u ) c u n g k h u y e n L y Cong U a n len ngoi. Dao C a m Moc c u n g cac q u a n t r o n g t r i e u diu L y Cong U a n len c h i n h dien, lap l a m T h i e n T i i .
Bay tdi dang ton hieu Id Phung Thien, Chi Ly ting Van Ty! Tai Thanh Minh Long Hieu Due Van Anh Vu Sung Nhan Quang Hieu Thien Ha Thdi Binh Kham Minh Quang Thach, Chiidng Minh Van Bang Hien ting Phii Cam Uy Chan Phieh* Man Due Miiu Than Trd Thanh Tri Tac Thiew Dtw; Chinh Hoang De.
Ve viec be t o i dang t o n h i e u cho L y Cong Uan qua dai n h i i t r e n , s i i t h a n Ngo Si LLem phe phan:
"Bay gid be tdi dang ton hieu cho Ly Thai To den 50 chit, the la khong cd hoc ke ctiu ddi xtia, chi cot ninh vua. Thdi to nhan md khong tit, dd la mudn khoe khoang, de ddi sau khong ai hdn dtidc. Vua vd tdi deu sai cd"
L y Cong U a n len ngoi, sang nghiep nha L y thang 7 n a m 1010, lay n i e n h i e u la T h u a n T h i e n . Thay k i n h t h a n h Hoa L i i chat hep, Ly Cong Uan
quyet dinh ddi dd ra thanh Dai La (sau doi la
T h a n g Long ttic H a N o i bay gid), ddi Hoa L i f t h a n h phu T r a n g A n , Co Phap t h a n h p h u T h i e n Dtic. L y T h a i T d de l a i C H I E U D d i D O n d i t i e n g t r o n g lich sd. Ve viec L y Cong U a n ddi dd t i i Hoa L i i ra Dai L a (Thang Long), sd t h a n Ngd Si L i e n danh gia: "Ly Thdi To len ngoi, chtfa vdi lam viec khac,
md trtfdc tien mtfu tinh dinh dd dat dinh, xet ve stf quyet doan sang sudt, mtfu ke anh hiing, thtfc nhtfng vua tam thtfdng khong the theo kip. Cho nen, truyin ngoi hem 200 nam, danh giac Tong, dep giac Chiem, ntfdc manh, ddn gidu, cd the goi la ddi rat thinh tri. Cac vua ddi sau noi theo deu gitf gin dtfcfc ngoi vua, chong choi vdi Trung Quoc. Ly
Thdi To cd the ndi. Id mot bac vua biet mtfu tinh viec ldn day" N h d n g n a m d ngoi, dng coi t r o n g
chinh ddn viec cai t r i , chia ntfdc lam 24 Id, goi
H o a n C h a u v a A i C h a u l a t r a i . D o n g t h d i , ong cung l a v i v u a t r o n g d a i t a n g si, c h u t r o n g viec dap tiidng, xay chua, coi dao P h a t l a quoc giao.
O n g lap sau Hoang hau, d u y co dich p h u nhan la H o a n g h a u L a p Giao, quy che xe k i e u va y phuc khac h a n v d i cac c u n g khac. O n g l a p con tru'dng la P h a t M a l a m H o a n g T h a i t d , cac con khac deu phong tiidc H a u , 13 con gai deu diidc phong la Cong chua. Con g a i ca l a Cong chua A n Quoc ga cho Dao C a m Moc, p h o n g Dao C a m Moc la Nghia T i n H a u va b a n y phuc cho cac t a n g dao. Ngay 2-3
nam Mau Thin (3113/1028) Ly Thdi To bang hd b
D i e n L o n g A n , h i i d n g tho 54 t u d i , d ngoi 19 nam. Von t h o n g m i n h b a m s i n h , s i n h r a t r e n mot vung dat v a n h i e n , l a i diidc n u d i du'dng, day do t i i ciia Phat, do n h i i n g v i cao t a n g x u a t c h u n g liic bay gid la L y K h a n h V a n va V a n H a n h , L y Cong U a n da t r d t h a n h ngu'di con i i u t i i cua dan toe, da lap nen t r i e u L y ve v a n g , l a m r a n g d a n h niidc D a i Viet t r o n g s i i nghiep d i t n g niidc va g i d niidc.
B a n ve L y T h a i To, sd t h i n Ngo Si L i e n viet:
cay thieng. Co dtfc tat co ngoi, bdi vi long ngtfdi quy phuc. Lai nham sau luc Ngoa Trieu hoang dam, bao ngtfdc, md Ly Thdi To thi von tieng khoan nhan, trdi tim ngtfdi lam chu ddn, ddn theo ve ngtfdi cd dtfc, trie Ly Thdi To ra thi con ai hem ntfa! Xet ra vua nhan menh sau sac lang le, ddi dd yeu
ntfdc, long nhan thtfdng ddn, long thanh cam trdi, ciing Id danh dep ke phan loan, Nam Bac thdng hieu, thien ha yen lanh, truyen ngoi lau ddi, cd the thay la cd mtfu Itfdc cua bac de vtfdng. Duy cd viec ham thich dao Phat, Lao Id chd kem"
V U A TRUNG T O N G L E L O N G V I E T
( » » : M O O 5 )
Le Long Viet ten huy la Huyen, la vua thtf hai
nha T i e n Le, la con thtf 3 cua Le D a i H a n h . Ong s i n h n a m Q u y M u i (983), m a t n a m A t T y (1005) m i e u h i e u la Le T r u n g Tong.
K h i triidc, ong da dtfdc v u a cha d i n h cho noi ngoi, ngoi T h a i t i l dang le thuoc ve Le N g a n Tich, n h u n g sau k h i Le D a i H a n h mat, cac anh em ong d a n h n h a u t r a n h ngoi bau. Cam dau cudc chien h u y n h de t i i d n g t a n nay la D o n g T h a n h ViiOng Le N g a n T i c h , T r u n g Quoc V i i d n g Le L o n g Canh, K h a i M i n h V i i d n g L e L o n g D i n h .
Sau bay t a m t h a n g d a n h n h a u , den t h a n g 10
nam At Ty (1005), Le Long Viet dtfdc ton Vtfdng. Nhtfng vtfa len ngoi dtfdc ba ngay thi ong bi em trai ciing me la Le Long Dinh giet chet, khi mdi 23 tudi ddi. Triidc day, Le L o n g D i n h da rap t a m giet
rudt t h i t ma k h o n g nd giet L o ng D i n h . Lo n g D i n h diiOc t h a r a i t lau, sai h u n g t h u dang dem treo tudng cung p h i i vao giet chet L o n g V i e t de ciidp ngoi. Le L o n g D i n h l e n n d i ngoi, sii goi la Le Ngoa. Trieu. Con D o n g T h a n h ViiOng Le N g a n T i c h khiep sd p h a i bd t r o n .
D a n h gia ve v u a Le T r u n g Tong (Le L o n g Viet) Toan T h i i viet: "Vua khong biet phong giii can mat
den noi bi nan, co tinh nhan hau md khong biet lam vua, dang tiec thay"
P H A N P H U L U C
D I N H T I E N H O A N G
DI£N CA <»
Bai dien ca dudi day mdi suv tam dUdc bdi mot so co lao b
Trddng Yen, nam nay da ngoai 80 tuoi doc lai ma bien ra. Tuy cung cd chd khong ro nghia, khong hop van, va ldi van hoi thuc tha, kern dien nha, nhdng do la mot ang co vdn truySn tung td xua, co the coi nhu tho Man Phong ddi Chu va dieu Nhac Phii ddi Han, nen cd theo y nguyen van sao luc, khong dam them bdt cho duoc ton co, xin doc gia luong biet.
H.D.T.C.H.T.Y ( 2 )
Trong tran may ke biet thay
Dat mien Gia Vien Gidi ray giang sinh Ten la Bd Linh thdng minh
Cha la Thd sir nham thanh Hoan Chau<3>
Gap ddi loan lac qua mau
Thay dan d chon lv[a dau cung thtiting.
Stfu tdm theo cudn Hoi Triidng Yen cua Thi Nham Dinh Gia Thuy it
'2 l Hoi dong to chdc Hoi Triidng Yin.
131 Hoan Chau nay la vung Nghi An
Dem dim tdngdd'tnen hitting Nguyen Gidi sinh Thanh cdu phtiOng
dan nay Phu nhin vda mdi canh hai
Thay ngtidi cao ldn rdng dai trtiOngphu, Hai tay cam cii 3h phu
Din noi van vy may md lam con Nttdng khi site tinh tM'n hdn Ndi chiim bao aylo toan cung chd'ng
Dinh cdng mdng bii't trong long Cang tu kii'p betide de phdng than sau
Phu nhan td kit thai bao
Phdng loan du thang dong dao ndhoa Sinh giai td't dep thay la
Dinh cdng mdng rd ddc tu cang day DtiOng khi binh hoan bdi bdi, Lai thim Cong Tiin m la ngtidi 6 danh.
Mac ai dac chi tung hoanh, Minh td quan chdc vi'thanh Hoa Lit.
Con con trting ntidc ngay tho, Dat tin Bo Linh de chd ndi tong
'* Tile Kiiu Cong Tiin, giet Duong Dinh Nghe ciidp ngoi; sau
Ai ngd van ca Dinh cong,
Go! may hdn bttdm giac ndng Trang Chu Nttdng corn god bua bo vO,
Quan thanh nha bach con tho chuyen can. Ma hong gap thud bui tran,
Nudi con cham chut din tuan mwdihai. Thanh cao tinh khi khac ngwdi. Hit triiu Tan, Han, thoat ddi Du'dng Ngu.
Cda nha chut chang doiilo, Nhon nhofn mudn md co do ldn lao.
Rong ving chang chiu d ao, Doi cOn gid ca bay cao cho danh.
Lam ngu'di d kiip ph u sinh Lap nin sit nghiep cdng danh mdi ky.
Lo la cau canh lam chi,
Chang nin thi chd nin thi md mang. Giang San mot bdc ngang tang,
Bong vui chiiu tap nhdng phwdng chan trau. Ket bay phu lap danh nhau, Tiin binh cam gay dau dau cung liiu.