2 .C 医w"vt¿e"x à thi 院v"d鵜"o衣pi
2.3 C 医w"vt¿e"j ỡnh saọ
Là m瓜v"e医w"vt¿e"oà cú tr衣o"vtwpi"vÔo quan tr丑pi"j挨p"v医v"e違"ece"p¿v"o衣pi" khỏc, nỳt này s胤"8k隠w"mjk吋p"u詠"vtw{隠p"vjằpi" e栄c"vqàn m衣pi0"Eƒe"vjành viờn khỏc 8逢嬰e"m院v"p嘘k"ikƒp"vk院r"x噂k"pjcw"swc"vt衣o"vtwpi"vÔo0"V逢挨pi"v詠"pj逢"e医w"vt¿e"o衣ej" vũng, cú th吋"pj壱p"vj医{"荏"8Ô{"mk吋w"nkờn k院v"x隠"o員v"x壱v"n#"nà ki吋w"8k吋o"- 8k吋o0"Vw{" nhiờn, liờn k院v"x隠"o員v"nqike"x磯p"e„"vj吋"nà nhi隠w"8k吋o0"P院w"vt衣o"vtwpi"vÔo"8„pi"xck" trũ tớch c詠ẹ"p„"e„"vj吋"8違o"8逢挨pi"pjk羽o"x映"mk吋o"uqƒv"vqàn b瓜"xk羽e"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"e栄c" m衣pị"eũn n隠w"mjằpi"u胤"ej雨"pj逢"o瓜v"d瓜"ejw{吋p"o衣ej0"
M瓜v"pj逢嬰e"8k吋o"e栄a c医w"vt¿e"jỡnh sao là s詠"e嘘"荏"vt衣o"vtwpi"vÔo"u胤"nàm tờ li羽v" toàn b瓜"eƒe"jq衣v"8瓜pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"vtqpi"o衣pi0"Vỡ v壱{."vt衣o"vtwpi"vÔo"vj逢運pi"rj違k" e„"8瓜"vkp"e壱{"t医v"ecq0"
M瓜v" pj逢嬰e" 8k吋o" vk院r" vjgq" e栄c" e医w" vt¿e" jỡnh sao là t嘘p" fÔ{" f磯p.p院w" pj逢" kho違pi" vtwpi" dỡnh gi英c" eƒe" vt衣o" pj臼" j挨p" mjq違pi" eƒej" e栄c" ej¿pi" v噂k" vt衣o" vtwpi" vÔo0"A逢挨pi"pjk‒p"vtqpi"eƒe"j羽"vj嘘pi"xk宇p"vjằpi"mjằpi"vtƒph kh臼k"xk羽e"fựng c医w" trỳc nàỵ A嘘k"x噂k"o衣pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"eằpi"pijk羽r."e医w"vt¿e"jỡnh sao tỡm th医{"vtqpi" cỏc ph衣o"xk"pj臼0"X "f映"pj逢"eƒe"d瓜"ejkc."vj逢運pi"fựng vào m映e"8ớch m荏"t瓜pi"eƒe" c医w"vt¿e"mjƒe0"N逢w"ý r茨pị"vtqpi"pjk隠w"vt逢運pi"j嬰r"o瓜v"o衣pi"e医w"vt¿e"jỡnh sao v隠"x隠" m員v"x壱v"n#"n衣k"e„"e医w"vt¿e"pj逢"o瓜v"j羽"dwụ b荏k"eƒe"vt衣o"x磯p"e„"vj吋"v詠"fq"nkờn l衣e"pj逢" khụng cú s詠"v欝p"v衣k"e栄c"vt衣o"vtwpi"vÔo0"Ej pj"eỏc h羽"vj嘘pi" o衣pi"Gvjgtpgv"eằpi" nghi羽r"piày nay s穎"f映pi"rj鰻"dk院p"e医w"vt¿e"pày k院v"j嬰r"x噂k"m悦"vjw壱v"ejw{吋p"o衣ej" x "rj逢挨pi"rjƒv"vtw{隠p"f磯p"v嘘e"8瓜"ecq0"
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2. 4 Mụ hỡnh tham chi院w"QUK (Open System Interconnection).
Ch雨"nà m瓜v"oằ"jỡnh ki院p"vt¿e"rjÔp"n噂r"x噂k"o映e8 ej"rj映e"x映"xk羽e"u逸r"z院r"xà 8嘘k"ejk院w"eƒe"j羽"vj嘘pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"e„"u印p."vtqpi"8„"e„"e違"xk羽e"uq"uƒpj."8嘘k"ejk院w" cỏc giao th泳e"xà d鵜ej"x映"vtw{隠p"vjằpị"e pi"pj逢"e挨"u荏"ejq"xk羽e"rjƒv"vtk吋p"eƒe"j羽" th嘘pi"o噂k Hỡnh2. 2 Mụ hỡnh tham chiｘw"QUK - Lずr"とpi"fつpi< Eƒe"ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh 泳pi" d映pi Bờn g穎k 7 L噂r"泳pi"f映pi L噂r"dk吋w"fk宇p"f英" li羽w L噂r"mk吋o"uqƒv"p嘘k L噂r"x壱p"ejw{吋p L噂r"o衣pi L噂r"nkờn k院v"f英"nk羽w L噂r"x壱v"ný 6 5 4 3 2 1 Oằk"vt逢運pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi Bờn nh壱p Eƒe"ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh 泳pi" d映pi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Quan h羽"ikcq"vk院r"nằi e
Trang 15
Là l噂r"vtqpi"eựng mụ hỡnh tham chi院w"QUK."ewpi"e医r"eƒe"f鵜ej"x映"ecq"e医r"vờn e挨"u荏"eƒe"ikcq"vj泳e"ecq"e医r"ejq"pi逢運k"z穎"f映pi"x "eƒe"ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh 泳pi"f映pi0"Eƒe" d鵜ej"x映"vjw瓜e"n噂r"泳pi"f映pi"8逢嬰e"vj詠e"jk羽p"j亥w"j院v"d茨pi"rj亥p"o隠o0"A吋"z穎"f映pi" pi逢運k"vc"fựng cỏc kh嘘k"jàm(function Block),tớch h嬰r"e違" o瓜v"u嘘"ej泳e"p<pi"z穎"n#" thụng tin, th壱o"ej "e違"8k隠w"mjk吋p"v衣k"ej厩0"0"AÔ{"e pi"n "zw"j逢噂pi"o噂k"vtqpi"ejw育p" hoỏ cỏc l噂r"泳pi"f映pi"ejq"eƒe"j羽"vj嘘pi"dwu"vt逢運pi0""J逢噂pi"v噂k"mk院p"vt¿e"8k隠w"mjk吋p" phõn tỏn tri羽v"8吋0"0"
- Lずr"dkあw"fkいp"fの"nkうw<
Ch泳e"p<pi"e栄c"n噂r"dk吋w"fk宇p"f英"nk羽w"nà chuy吋p"8鰻k"eƒe"f衣pi"dk吋w"fk宇p"f英"nk羽w" khỏc nhau v隠"e¿"rjƒr""o瓜v"f衣pi"ejw育p0"Pj茨o"v衣q"8k隠w"mk羽p"ejq"eƒe"8嘘k"vƒe"vtw{隠p" thụng cú th吋"hi吋w"8逢嬰e"pjcw"o員e"fự chỳng s穎"f映pi"eƒe"mk吋w"f英"nk羽w"mjƒe"pjcw0"N噂r" này cũn cú th吋"ewpi"e医r"o瓜v"u嘘"f鵜ej"x映"d違q"o壱v"f英"nk羽w."x "f映"pj逢"rj逢挨pi"rjƒr" b違q"o壱v"oó khoỏ.
Ch泳e"p<pi"pày cú th吋"m院v"j嬰r"vj詠e"jk羽p"vtờn l噂r"泳pi"f映pi"8吋"8挨p"ik違p"jqƒ." và nõng cao hi羽w"uu医v"e栄c"xk羽e"z穎"n#"ikcq"vj泳ẹ"n "8員e"vt逢pi"e栄c"eƒe"j羽"vj嘘pi"dwu" vt逢運pi0"
- Lずr"mkあo"uqƒv"pぐk"*sesion layer).
L噂r"mk吋o"uqƒv"p嘘k"e„"ej泳e"p<pi"mk吋o"uqƒv"o嘘k"nkờn k院v"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"ik英c"eƒe" ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh 泳pi"f映pịdcq"i欝o"eƒe"xk羽e"v衣q"n壱r."sw違p"n#"xà k院v"vj¿e"eƒe"8逢運pi"p嘘k" gi英c"eƒe"泳pi"f映pi"8嘘k"vƒe0"O嘘k"swcp"j羽"ik英c"eƒe"ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh 泳pi"f映pi"o衣pi"v ej" ch医v"nằike<vjằpi"swc"o瓜v"o嘘k"nkờn k院v"x壱v"n#"ik英c"jck"vt衣ọ"jck"p¿v"o衣pi"e„"vj吋"v欝p" t衣k"uqpi"uqpi"pjk隠w"nằike0"Vjằpi"vj逢運pi" mk吋o"uqƒv" p嘘k"nà ch泳e" p<pi"e栄c"j羽"8k隠w" h pj0"A吋"vj詠e"jk羽p"eƒe"8逢運pi"p嘘k"ik英c"jck"泳pi"f映pi"8嘘k"vƒẹ"j羽"8k隠w"jành cú th吋"v衣q" eƒe"v pj"vqƒp"uqpi"uqpi0"Pj逢"x壱{."pjk羽o"x映"8欝pi"d瓜"jqƒ"eƒe"swƒ"vtỡnh tớnh toỏn này 8嘘k"x噂k"xk羽e"z穎"f映pi"ejwpi"o瓜v"ikcq"fk羽p"o衣pi"e pi"vjw瓜e"ej泳e"p<pi"e栄c"n噂r"mk吋o" soỏt n嘘k0"Chớnh vỡ v壱{"n噂r"pày cũn cú tờn là l噂r"8欝pi"d瓜"jqƒ0"
- Lずr"xｆp"ejw{あp<
Khi m瓜v"mj嘘k"f英"nk羽w"8逢嬰e"vtw{隠p"8k"vjành t瑛pi"i„k."e亥p""rj違k"d違q"8違o"v医v"e違" eƒe"i„k"8隠w"8院p"8 ej"x "vjgq"8¿pi"vtỡnh t詠"ej¿pi"8逢嬰e"ejw{吋p"8k0"Ej泳e"p<pi"e栄c" l噂r"x壱p"ejw{吋p"f英"nk羽w"ik英c"eƒe"ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh 泳pi"f映pi"o瓜v"eƒej"vkp"e壱{."dcq"i欝o" c違"vtƒej"pjk羽o"mj逸e"rj映e"n厩k"x "8k隠w"mjk吋p"n逢w"vjằpi0"Pj運"x壱{"oà cỏc l噂r"vtờn cú th吋"vj詠e"jk羽p"8逢嬰e"eƒe"ej泳e"p<pi"ecq"e医r"oà khụng c亥p"swcp"vÔo"8院p"e挨"ej院"x壱p" chuy吋p"f英"nk羽w"e映"vj吋0" ơ Cỏc nhiうo"xつ"eてc"nずr"xｆp"ejw{あp"dcq"iげo"< ‚ Qu違p"n#"x隠"vờn hỡnh th泳e"ejq"eƒe"vt衣o"z穎"f映pi0" ‚ A鵜pj"x鵜"eƒe"8嘘k"vƒe"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"swc"vờn hỡnh th泳e"jq員e"8鵜c"ej雨0"
‚ X穎"n#"n厩k"xà ki吋o"uqƒv"fũng thụng tin,trong 8„"e„"e違"xk羽e"n壱r"n衣k"swcp" h羽"nkờn k院v"xà th詠e"jk羽p"eƒe"vj栄"v映e"i穎k"n衣k"f英"nk羽u khi c亥p"vjk院v0"
Trang 16 ‚ A欝pi"d瓜"jqƒ"ik英c"eƒe"8嘘k"vƒe
Trong m衣pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"eằpi"pijk羽r."o瓜v"u嘘"pjk羽o"x映"pj逢"f欝p"mờnh ho員e"mk吋o" uqƒv"n逢w"vjằpi"vt荏"nờn khụng c亥p"vjk院v0"Eƒe"ej泳e"p<pi"eũn l衣k"8逢嬰e"f欝p"nờn k院r"j嬰r" v噂k"n噂r"泳pi d映pi"8吋p"vk羽p"ejq"xk羽e"xk羽e"vj詠e"jk羽p"xà t衣q"8k隠w"mk羽p"ejq"pi逢運k"u穎" d映pi"ej丑p"rj逢挨pi"ƒp"v嘘k"逢w"jqƒ"x "pÔpi"ecq"jk羽w"uw医v"vtw{隠p"vjằpi0"
- Lずr"oＴpi<
L噂r"o衣pi"e„"pjk羽o"x映"vỡm 8逢運pi"8k"v嘘k"逢w*routing) cho vi羽e"x壱p"ejw{吋p"f英" li羽w."ik違k"rj„pi"u詠"rj映"vjw瓜e"e栄c"cỏc l噂r"d‒p"vt‒p"x q"rj逢挨pi"vj泳e"ejw{吋p"ikcq"f英" li羽w"xà cụng ngh羽"ejw{吋p"o衣ej"f́pi"8吋"m院v"p嘘k"eƒe"j羽"vj嘘pi"mjƒe"pjcw0"Xk羽e"zÔ{" d詠pi"xà hu益"d臼"eƒe"swcp"j羽"nkờn k院v"ik英c"eƒe"p¿v"o衣pi"e pi"vjw瓜e"vtƒej"pjk羽o"e栄c" l噂r"o衣pi0"Vw{"pjkờn l噂r"o衣pi"mjằpi"e„"#"pij c"8嘘i v噂k"o瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi" cụng nghi羽r0"D荏k"荏"8Ô{"jq員e"mjằpi"e„"pjw"e亥w"vtcq"8鰻k"f英"nk羽w"ik英c"jck"vt衣o"mjƒe" nhau 荏"jck"o衣pi"mjƒe"pjcw. ho員e"xk羽e"vtcq"8鰻k"8逢嬰e"vj詠e"jk羽p"ikƒp"vk院r"vjằpi"swc" ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh 泳pi"f映pi*mjằpi"vjw瓜e"n噂r"pào trong mụ hỡnh tham chi院w"QUK+0"Eƒe" b瓜"tqwvgt"vjằpi"f映pi"vtqpi"nkờn k院v"o衣pi"jq p"vq p"mjằpi"8„pi"x k"vtũ gỡ trong h羽" th嘘pi"dwu"vt逢運pi0"
- Lずr"nkờn kｘv"fの"nkうw<
L噂r"nkờn k院v"f英"nk羽w"8違o"pj壱p"xk羽e"8k隠w"mjk吋p"vtw{"pj壱r"oằk"vt逢運pi"vtw{隠p" d磯p"xà b違q"vqàn d英"nk羽w."v逢挨pi"泳pi"x噂k"jck l噂r"eqp< L噂r"8k隠w"mjk吋p"vtw{"pj壱r"oằk" vt逢運pi"xà l噂r"8k隠w"mjk吋p"nkờn k院v"nằike0"Vtqpi"o瓜v"u嘘"j羽"vj嘘pịn噂r"nkờn k院v"f英"nk羽w" cú th吋"8違o"pjk羽o"vjờm m瓜v"u嘘"ej泳e"p<pi"mjƒe"pj逢"mk吋o"uqƒv"n逢w"vjằpi"x "8欝pi"d瓜" hoỏ vi羽e"ejw{吋p"ikcq"mjwpi"f英"nk羽w0"
A吋"vj詠e"jk羽p"ej泳e p<pi"d違q"vqàn d英"nk羽w."vjằpi"vkp"pj壱p"8逢嬰e"v瑛"n噂r"rj c" vt‒p"8逢嬰e"8„pi"i„k"vjành cỏc b泳e"8k羽p"e„"ejk隠w"fài h嬰r"n#0"Eƒe"mjwpi"f英"nk羽w"pày ch泳c"eƒe"vjằpi"vkp"d鰻"uwpi"rj映e"x映"o映e"8 ej"mk吋o"n厩k."mk吋o"uqƒv"n逢w"vjằpi"x "8欝pi" b瓜"jqƒ0"N噂r"nkờn k院v"f英"nk羽w"rj c"dờn nh壱p"vjằpi"vkp"u胤"f詠c"x q"eƒe"vjằpi"vkp"p {"8吋" zƒe"8鵜pj"v pj"ej pj"zƒe"e栄c"f英"nk羽w."u逸r"z院r"eƒe"mjwpi"n衣k"vjgq"8¿pi"vtỡnh t詠"xà khụi ph映e"n衣k"vjằpi"vkp"8吋"ejw{吋p"vk院r"n噂r"vtờn nú.
- Lずr"xｆv"n#<
Là l噂r"f逢噂k"eựng trong mụ hỡnh phõn l噂r"ej泳e"p<pi"vtw{隠p"vjằng c栄c"o瓜v" tr衣o"jk院v"d鵜.8違o"pj壱p"vqàn b瓜"eằpi"xk羽e"vtw{隠p"f磯p"f英"nk羽w"d茨pi"rj逢挨pi"vk羽p"x壱v"n#0" Eƒe"sw{"8鵜pj"荏"8Ô{" oằ"v違" ikcq"fk羽p" x壱v"n#" ik英c" o瓜v"vt衣o"vjk院v"d鵜" x " oằk"vt逢運pi" truy隠p"vjằpi<
‚ Cỏc chi ti院v"x隠"e医w"vtỳc m衣pi"*dwu".eÔ{"jỡnh saọ..).
‚ Chu育p"vtw{隠p"d磯p*TU6:7"IEC1158 -2 ,truy隠p"eƒr"swcpi000) ‚ Rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"oó hoỏ bớt(NRZ,Manchester,FSK... .
‚ Ch院"8瓜"vtw{隠p"v違k"*f違k"t瓜pi1f違k"e挨"u荏1f違k"ocpị8欝pi"d瓜1mjằpi"8欝pi" b瓜+0"
Trang 17
‚ Giao di羽p"e挨"j丑e*Rj ej"e逸ọik逸e"e逸o000)
L噂r"x壱v"n#"e亥p"8逢嬰e"ejw育p"jqỏ sao cho m瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"e„"u詠"n詠c" ch丑p"ik英c"o瓜v"xài kh違"p<pi"mjƒe"pjcw0"Vtqpi"j羽"vj嘘pi"dwu"vt逢運pị"u詠"n詠c"ej丑p"pày là khụng l噂p"swƒ."j亥w"j院v"f詠c"vtờn vài chu育p"e挨"d違p0"
2. 5 Truy nh壱r"dwu.
Trong m瓜v"o衣pi"e„"e医w"vt¿e"dwu"eƒe"vjành viờn ph違k"ejia nhau th運k"ikcp"u穎" d映pi"8逢運pi"f磯p0"A吋"vtƒpj"zwpi"8瓜v"x隠"v p"jk羽w"iÔ{"tc"uck"n羽ej"x隠"vjằpi"vkp."荏"o厩k" m瓜v"vj運k"8k吋o"荏"vtờn m瓜v"8逢運pi"f磯p"ej雨"fw{"pj医v"o瓜v"8k羽p"v p"8逢嬰e"rjfir"vtw{隠p"8k0" Chớnh vỡ v壱{."o衣pi"rj違k"8逢嬰e"8k隠w"mjk吋p"ucq"ejq"v衣k"o厩k"o瓜v"vj運k"8k吋o"nh医v"8鵜pj" ch雨"e„"o瓜v"vjành viờn trong m衣pi"8逢嬰e"i穎k"vjằpi"vkp"8k0"Eũn s嘘"n逢嬰pi"vjành viờn trong m衣pi"ow嘘p"pj壱p"vjằpi"vkp"vjỡ khụng h衣p"ej院0"Xỡ v壱{"8員v"tc"x医p"8隠"x隠"rj逢挨pi" phỏp phõn chia th運k" ikcp" i穎k"vjằpi"vkp"vt‒p" 8逢運pi"f磯p0"I丑k"n " rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"vtw{" nh壱r"dus.
Pi逢運k"vc"vj逢運pi"swcp"vÔo"8院p"dc"mj c"e衣pj<"A瓜"vkp"e壱{.v pj"p<pi"vj運k"ikcp" th詠e"xà hi羽w"uw医v"u穎"f映pi"8逢運pi"vtw{隠p0"V pj"p<pi"vj運k"ikcp"vj詠e"nà 荏"8Ô{"nà kh違" p<pi"8ƒr"泳pi"pjw"e亥w"vtcq"8鰻k"vjằpi"vkp"o瓜v"eƒej"m鵜r"vj運k"xà tin c壱{0"Jk羽w"uw医v"u穎" d映pi"8逢運pi"vtuy隠p"nà m泳e"8瓜"mjck"vjƒẹ"u穎"f映pi"8逢運pi"vtw{隠p."8逢嬰e"v pj"d茨pi"rj亥p" vt<o"vj運k"ikcp"8逢運pi"vtw{隠p"8逢嬰e"u穎"f映pi"jk羽w"sw違"xào vi羽e"vtw{隠p"v違k"f英"nk羽w0"
Hi羽p" pc{" e„" 7" rj逢挨pi" rjƒr" vtw{" pj壱r" 8逢運pi" vtw{隠p" 8逢嬰e" ejkc" vjành cỏc rj逢挨pi" rjƒr" vk隠p" 8鵜pj.x噂k" vtỡnh t詠" vtw{ nh壱r" dwu" 8逢嬰e" zƒe" 8鵜pj" từ ràng, cú tớnh p<pi" vj運k" ikcp" vj詠e" x " eƒe" rj逢挨pi" rjƒr" pi磯w" pjkờn, v噂k" vtỡnh t詠" vtw{" pj壱r" dwu" mjằpi"8逢嬰e"sw{"8鵜pj"ej員v"ej胤"vt逢噂ẹ"o "8吋"z違{"tc"jqàn toàn theo nhu c亥w"e栄c"eƒe" tr衣o0"
2. 5. 1 Master/Slaver
Thu瓜e"pj„o"eƒe"rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"vi隠p"8鵜pj."o瓜v"vt衣o"ej栄"e„"vtƒej"pjk羽o"ej栄" 8瓜pi"rjÔp"ejkc"sw{隠p"vtw{"pj壱r"dwu"ejq"eƒe"vt衣o"v噂0"Rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"p {"e„"逢w"8k吋o" là vi羽e"m院v"p嘘k"o衣pi"eƒe"vt衣o"v噂"8挨p"ik違p." v"v嘘p"mfio0"Vw{"pjkờn hi羽w"uw医v"vtcq"8鰻k" thụng tin gi英c"eƒe"vt衣o"v噂"d鵜"ik違o"fq"f英"nk羽w"rj違k"8k"swc"mjÔw"vtwpi"ikcp"n "vt衣o" ch栄0"
2. 5. 2 TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access)
N "rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"8c"vtw{"pj壱r"rjÔp"ejkc"vjgq"vj運k"ikcp."o厩k"vt衣o"8逢嬰e"rjÔp" m瓜v"vj運k"ikcp"vtw{"pj壱r"dwu"pj医v"8鵜pj0"Eƒe"vt衣o"n亥p"n逢嬰v"vjc{"pjcw"i穎k"vjằpi"vkp" trong kho違pi"vj運k"ikcp"ejq"rjfir0"Rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"p {"e„"vj吋"mjằpi"jq員e"e„"vt衣o"ej栄0" M厩k"vt衣o"8隠w"e„"mj違"p<pi"8違o"pjk羽o"xài trũ ch栄"8瓜pi"vtqpi"xk羽e"ikcq"vk院r"vt詠e"vk院r" v噂k"eƒe"vt衣o"mjƒe0"
2. 5. 3 Token Passing
Token là m瓜v" d泳e" 8k羽p" pi逸p" mjằpi" ocpi" f英" nk羽w." e„" e医w" vt¿e" 8員e" dk羽v" 8吋" phõn bi羽v"x噂k"eƒe"d泳e"8k羽p"ocpi"vjằpi"vkp"piw欝p."8逢嬰e"f́pi"v逢挨pi"v詠"pj逢"o瓜v"ejỡa
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khoỏ. M厩k"vt衣o"8逢嬰e"sw{隠p"vtw{"pj壱r"dwu"xà g穎k"vjằpi"vkp"8k"ej雨"vtqpi"vj挨k"ikcp"p„" 8逢嬰e"ik英"Vqmgp"0"Ucw"mjk"mjằpi"e„"pjw"e亥w"i穎k"vjằpi"vkp"p„"rj違k"i穎k"Vqmgp"8院p" m瓜v"vt衣o"mjƒe"theo m瓜v"vtỡnh t詠"pj医v"8鵜pj0"
2. 5. 4 CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection)
M厩k"vt衣o"8隠w"e„"sw{隠p"vtw{"pj壱r"dwu"oà khụng c亥p"o瓜v"u詠"mk吋o"uqƒv"pàọ Rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"8逢嬰e"vk院p"j pj"pj逢"ucw<
- M厩k" vt衣o" 8隠w" rj違k" épijgẹ" 8逢運pi" f磯p.p院w" 8逢運pi" f磯p" t厩k" vjỡ m噂k" 8逢嬰e" phỏt.
- Do vi羽e"ncp"vtw{隠p"v p"jk羽w"e亥p"o瓜v"mj違pi"vj運k"ikcp"p q"8„."p‒p"x壱{"e„" kh違" p<pi" jck" vt衣o" eựng phỏt tớn hi羽w" n‒p" 8逢運pi" f磯p0" Xỡ v壱{" vtqpi" mjk" phỏt m厩k"vt衣o"x磯p"rj違k"pijg"8逢運pi"f磯p"8吋"uq"uƒpj"v p"jk羽w"rjƒv"8k"x噂k"v p" hi羽w"pj壱p"8逢嬰e"xem cú x違{"tc"zwpi"8瓜v"jc{"mjằpi0"
- Vtqpi"vt逢運pi"j嬰r"z違{"tc"zwpi"8瓜v.o厩k"vt衣o"8隠w"rj違k"jw益"d臼"d泳e"8k羽p"e栄c" mỡnh
ch運"o瓜v"vj運k"ikcp"pi磯w"pjkờn và th穎"i穎k"n衣k0"
Rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"8逢嬰e"ƒr"f映pi"t瓜pi"tói trong m衣pi"Gvjgtpgv"x噂k"eƒe"逢w"8k吋o"e栄c"p„0"0"
2. 5. 5 CSMA/CĂCarrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Avoidance)
V逢挨pi"v詠"pj逢"EUOC1FẸ"o厩k"vt衣o"8隠w"rj違k"pijg"8逢運pi"f磯p"vt逢噂e"mjk"i穎k" c pi"pj逢"ucw"mjk"i穎k"vjằpi"vkp0"Vw{"pjkờn, m瓜v"rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"oó hoỏ bớt thớch h嬰r" 8逢嬰e"z穎"f映pi"荏"8Ô{"vtqpi"vt逢運pi"j嬰r"z違{"tc"zwpi"8瓜v."m瓜v"v p"jk羽w"u胤"n医p"ƒv"v p" hi羽w"mkc0"X "f映"v逢挨pi"泳pi"x噂k"d v"2"nà m泳e"8k羽p"ƒr"ecq"u胤"n医p"ƒr"o泳e"8k羽p"ƒr"vj医r" c栄c"d v"30"
2. 6 Mó hoỏ bit.
Mó hỏo bit là quỏ trỡnh chuy吋p"8鰻k"fóy bit 0,1 sang m瓜v"v p"jk羽w"vj ej"j嬰r"8吋" cú th吋"vtw{隠p"f磯p"vtqpi"oằk"vt逢運pi"x壱v"lý(cỏp truy隠p"f磯p"v p"jk羽w+0"Xk羽e"ejw{吋p"8鰻k" này chớnh là s穎"f映pi"o瓜v"vjco"u嘘"vjằpi"vkp"vj ej"j嬰r"8吋"oó hoỏ dóy bit c亥p"vtw{隠p" t違k0""Eƒe"vjco"u嘘"vjằpi"vkp"e„"vj吋"8逢嬰e"ej泳c"8詠pi"vtqpi"dk‒p"8瓜."v亥p"u嘘".rjc"jq員e" u逢運p" zwpi0" " Eƒe" rj逢挨pi" rjƒr" oó hoỏ bit th逢運pi" f́pi" n <" Ak隠w" ej院" dk‒p" 8瓜" zwpi*PTƠ"x "TƠ+"Rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"8k隠w"ej院"rjc"zwpi"jc{"x鵜"vt "zwpi*Vjco"u嘘"vjằpi" vkp"8逢嬰e"vj吋"jk羽p"swc"eƒe"u逢運p"zwpị"RR"Ocpejguvgt+.Rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"zwpi"u逢運p"zqc{" chi隠w*CHR+." rj逢挨pi" rjƒr" 8k隠w" ej院" f鵜ej" v亥p" u嘘" *HUM+0" Vtqpi" 8„" 8cpi" m吋" nà hai rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"<
NRZ và RZ là m瓜v"vtqpi"pj英pi"dk羽p"rjƒr"8逢嬰e"u穎"f映pi"t瓜pi"tói nh医v"vtqpi" cỏc h羽"vj嘘pi"dwu"vt逢運pị"e„"v亥p"u嘘"pj鵜r"dwu"vj医r"j挨p"pjk隠w"uq"x噂k"v亥p"u嘘"pj鵜r"dwu0"" Tuy nhiờn khụng thớch h嬰r"ejq"xk羽e"8欝pi"d瓜"jqƒ"xà khụng cú kh違"p<pi"8欝pi"v違k" ngu欝p0"
Mó Manchester 8逢嬰e"u穎"f映pi"t瓜pi"tói nh医v"vtqpi"eƒe"j羽"vj嘘pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi" cụng nghi羽r"pj運"eƒe"zwpi"e栄c"p„"e„"vj吋"vtqpi"xk羽e"8欝pi"d瓜"jqƒ"ik英c"dờn g穎k"xà bờn nh壱p0""X噂k"xk羽e"u穎"f映pi"v p"jk羽w"n逢叡pi"e詠ẹ"fũng m瓜v"ejk隠w"u胤"d鵜"vtk羽v"vk‒w"x "fq"8„"
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nú cú kh違"p<pi"8欝ng t違k"piw欝p0""Vjờm n英c."p„"e„"mj違"p<pi"ej嘘pi"pjk宇w"ecq"pj運" vi羽e"u穎"f映pi"u逢運p"zwpi"e栄c"v p"jk羽w0"
2. 7 Chu育p"x "oằk"vt逢運pi"vtw{隠p"f磯p<
M衣pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"eằpi"pijk羽r"ej栄"{院w"u穎"f映pi"rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"vtw{隠p"f英"nk羽w" n嘘k"vk院r."mjằpi"8欝pi"d瓜0"X噂k"rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"p {"eƒe dkv"8逢嬰e"vtw{隠p"v瑛"dờn g穎k"8院p" bờn nh壱p"o瓜v"eƒej"vw亥p"v詠"vtờn cựng m瓜v"8逢運pi"vtw{隠p0""Xỡ khụng cú 8逢運pi"fÔ{" riờng bi羽v"ocpi"v p"jk羽w"pj鵜r"pờn vi羽e"8欝pi"d瓜"jqƒ"8逢嬰e"vjq違"vjw壱p"vt‒p"e挨"u荏"o瓜v" giao th泳e"vtw{隠p"vjằpi0"Jk羽p"pc{"eƒe"ejw育p"vtw{隠p"f磯p"e„"6"f衣pi<
- RS232 : 8逢嬰e"fựng ch栄"{院w"vtqpi"xk羽e"ikcq"vk院r"8k吋o"- 8k吋o"ik英c"jck"FVG."ik英c" FVG"x "FVẸ"pj逢"ik英c"jck"oƒ{"v pj."RNE"jq員e"RE"x噂k"QR"e栄c"dk院p"v亥p."ik英c"oƒ{" tớnh và mỏy in,modem. Khụng ghộp n嘘k"8逢嬰e"x噂k"vjk院v"d鵜"vj泳"dc0"U穎"f映pi"rj逢挨pi" phỏp truy隠p"vkp"mjằpi 8嘘k"z泳pị"ej院"8瓜"nàm vi羽e"nà hai chi隠w"vqàn ph亥p"*jck"vt衣o"e„" th吋"eựng tham gia thu/phỏt tớn hi羽w"eựng m瓜v"n¿e+0U穎"f映pi"v p"jk羽w"ejờnh l羽ej"8k羽p" ỏp gi英c"jck"fÔ{"f磯p*vtcpuokv"xà receive data) v噂k"8医v0"V嘘e"8瓜"vtw{隠p"ejq"rjfir"v嘘k"8c" n "3;0"4mDf0"TU454"e„"pj逢嬰e"8k吋o"nà chi隠w"fài cho phộp t瑛"52"-:-72o"pj逢pi"e„"逢w" 8k吋o" nà s穎" f映pi" eằpi" uw医v" rjƒv" v逢挨pi" 8嘘k" vj医r" pj運" vt荏" mjƒpi" 8亥w" xào h衣p" ej院" kho違pi"v瑛"5"– 7kY.
-RS422: s穎"f映pi"rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"vtw{隠p"vkp"8嘘k"z泳pi"vjằpi"swc"8k羽p"ƒr"ejờnh l羽ej"8嘘k"
x泳pi"gi英c"jck"fÔ{"f磯p"C"xà B. Nh運"x壱{"ik違o"8逢嬰e"pjk宇w"x "v<pi"ejk隠w"fài dõy d磯p" lờn m瓜v"eƒej"8ƒpi"m吋."v噂k"3422o"oà khụng c亥p"d瓜"n員r0"E„"dc"rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"vtw{隠p" tớn hi羽w<" vtw{隠p" o瓜v" ejk隠w" jq員e" jck" ejk隠w" ikƒp" 8q衣p" e亥p" o瓜v" 8ằk" fÔ{." vtw{隠p" jck" chi隠w"vqàn ph亥p"e亥p"4"8ụi dõỵ RS422 cú kh違"p<pi"ijfir"p嘘k"8k吋o"- 8k吋o"x "8k吋o"- nhi隠w"8k吋o"vtqpi"o瓜v"o衣pi"8挨p"ik違p.e映"vj吋"nà cú duy nh医v"o瓜v"vt衣o"8逢嬰e"rjƒv"xà 10 tr衣o"e„"vj吋"pj壱p"v p"jk羽w0"Vw{"x壱{"vj詠e"v院"TU644"vj逢運pi"ej雨"8逢嬰e"fựng ghộp n嘘k" 8k吋o"- 8k吋o"x噂k"o映e"8 ej"vjc{"vj院"TU452 cho kho違pi"eƒej"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"n噂p"x噂k"v嘘e" 8瓜"ecq"j挨p0"
-RS485:gi嘘pi" TU644" x隠" o員v" 8k羽p" j丑e0" Vw{" pjk‒p" pi逢叡pi" ik噂k" j衣p" swk" 8鵜pj" e栄c" 8k羽p"ƒr"nàm vi羽e"8逢嬰e"p噂k"t瓜pi"tc"mjq違pi"-9X"8院p"34"X"e pi"pj逢"vt荏"mjƒpi"8亥w" vào cho phộp l噂p"i医r"5"n亥p"uq"x噂k"TU6440"A員e"v pj"mjƒe"pjcw"e挨"d違p"e栄c"TU6:7"xà RS422là kh違"p<pi"pijfir"p嘘k"pjk隠w"8k吋o"8逢嬰e"u穎"f映pi"vtqpi"j羽"vj嘘pi"dwu"vt逢運pi0" C映"vj吋"54"vt衣o"e„"vj吋"vjco"ikc"pijfir"p嘘k."8逢嬰e"8鵜pj"8鵜c"ej雨"xà giao ti院r"8欝pi"vj運k" trong m瓜v"8q衣p"TU6:7"oà khụng c亥p"d瓜"n員r"mjq違pi"eƒej"v嘘k"8c"ejq tr衣o"8亥w"xà cu嘘k"nà 1200m. Khụng ph映"vjw瓜e"xào s嘘"vt衣o"vjco"ikc0"V嘘e"8瓜"vtw{隠p"f磯p"v嘘k"8c"nà 10Mbit/s.
3. C医w"vt¿e"e挨"d違p"e栄c"o瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"ikƒo"uƒv0"
M瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"xà giỏm sỏt quỏ trỡnh cú cỏc c医w"vt¿e"e挨"d違p"ucw< - C医w"vt¿e"v壱r"vtwpi0"
- C医w trỳc phõn quy隠p0" - C医w"vt¿e"rjÔp"vƒp0"
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3. 1 C医w"vt¿e"v壱r"vtwpi"– Concentrated Architechurẹ
C医w"vt¿e"vkờu bi吋w"e栄c"o瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"v壱r"vtwpi"8逢嬰e"okpj"jq衣"vtờn hỡnh Hỡnh 2. 3. M瓜v"oƒ{"v pj"fw{"pj医v"8逢嬰e"f́pi"8吋"8k隠w"mjk吋p"eƒe"swƒ"vtỡnh con. Cỏc b瓜"e違o"dk院p"xà ch医r"j pj"8逢嬰e"p嘘k"vt詠e"vk院r."8k吋o"8院p"8k吋o*"rqkpv"vq"rqkpv+" v噂k"oƒ{"vỡnh 8k隠w"mjk吋p"vtwpi"vÔo"swc"eƒe"e鰻pi"xào/ ra c栄c"p„0"
Hỡnh 2. 3 C医w"vt¿e"8k隠w"mjk吋p"v壱r"vtwpi
M厩k"d瓜"e違o"dk院p"8逢嬰e"p嘘k"x噂k"o瓜v"e鰻pi"xào và m瓜v"vjk院v"d鵜"ej医r"j pj"8逢嬰e" n嘘k"x噂k"e鰻pi"tc"d茨pi"o瓜v"fÔ{"p嘘k"tkờng bi羽v0""Ak吋o"8ƒpi"ej¿"#"荏"8Ô{"nà s詠"v壱r"vtwpi" toàn b瓜"swƒ"vtỡnh x穎"n#"vjằpi"vkp."f英"nk羽w"xào m瓜v"vjk院v"d鵜"8k隠w"mjk吋p"fw{"pj医v0"
M瓜v"e医w"vt¿e"v壱r"vtwpi"pj逢"x壱{"vj逢運pi"vj ej"j嬰r"ejq"v詠"8瓜pi"jqƒ"eƒe"nq衣k" mỏy múc, cỏc thi院v"d鵜"x瑛c"xà nh臼"d荏k"u詠"8挨p"ik違p."f宇"vj詠e"jk羽p"xà giỏ thành m瓜v"n亥p" ejq"oƒ{"v pj"8k隠w"mjk吋p0"Vw{"pjkờn c医w"vt¿e"pày b瓜e"n瓜"pj英pi"j衣p"ej院"ucw<
‚ Cụng vi羽e"p嘘k"fÔ{"rj泳e"v衣r"ikƒ"vjành cao;
‚ Vi羽e"o荏"t瓜pi"j羽"vj嘘pi"i員r"mj„"mj<p"mjk"vjk院v"d鵜"8亥w"ew嘘k"v<pi"nờn.
‚ A瓜"vkp"e壱{"j羽"vj嘘pi"mfio"fq"rj映"vjw瓜e"xào m瓜v"vjk院v"d鵜"8k隠w"mjk吋p"fw{"pj医v0" A吋" pÔpi" ecq" 8瓜" vkp" e壱{" e栄c" j羽" vj嘘pị" e„" vj吋" fựng thờm m瓜v" oƒ{" v pj" f詠" phũng gi嘘pi"j羽"oƒ{"v pj"ej pj0"Pj逢pi"x医p"8隠"e栄c"ik違k"rjƒp này là v医p"8隠"ikƒ"vjành caọ Cũn nh逢嬰e"8k隠o"vj泳"pj医v"cú th吋"8逢嬰e"mj逸e"rj映e"d茨pi"o瓜v"o衣pi"f磯p"ejwpi"i丑k" n "dwu"vt逢運pi"*hkgnfdwư"vjc{"ejq"fÔ{"p嘘k"vt逢嬰e"vk院r"xà phõn tỏn m瓜v"rj亥p"vt "vw羽" xu嘘pi"e医r"ej医r"j pj0"AÔ{"ej pj"n "zw医v"rjƒv"8k吋o"ejq"eqp"8逢運pi"f磯p"8院p"e医w"vt¿e" phõn tỏn.
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3. 2 C医w"vt¿e"rjÔp"sw{隠p
A吋"mj逸e ph映e"u詠"rj映"vjw瓜e"x q"oƒ{"v pj"vtwpi"vÔo""x "v<pi"v pj"nkpj"jq衣v" c栄c" j羽" vj嘘pị" vtqpi" e医w" vt¿e" rjÔp" sw{隠p." o厩k" swƒ" vtỡnh con(ho員e" o厩k" pj„o" swƒ" trỡnh con) 8逢嬰e"8k隠w"mjk吋p"d茨pi"o瓜v"oƒ{"v pj"tkờng bi羽v"épi"8逢嬰e"8員v"v衣k"rjũng 8k隠w"mjk吋p0"D荏k"eƒe"swƒ"vtỡnh con cú liờn quan h羽"sw違"v鰻pi"j嬰r"v噂k"pjcw."8吋"8k隠w" khi吋p"swƒ"vtỡnh t鰻pi"j嬰r"e亥p"vjk院v"e„"u詠"j嬰r"vƒe"ik英c"ej¿pi"x噂k"pjcw0"Trong ph亥p" l噂p"eƒe"vt逢運pi"j嬰r.o瓜v"oƒ{"v pj"vtwpi"vÔo"8逢嬰e"8吋"8k隠w"mjk吋p"e医r"ecq"e pi"pj逢"8吋" ph嘘k"j嬰r"u詠"jq衣v"8瓜pi"e栄c"eƒe"oƒ{"rjÔp"sw{隠p"pj逢"8逢嬰e"oằ"v違"vtờn
Hỡnh 2. 4. Mỏy tớnh ph嘘k"j嬰r"pày cú th吋"vjw瓜e"eựng c医r"8k隠w" mjk吋p"jq員e" thu瓜e"e医r"8k隠w"jành, tu "vjgq""eƒe"ej泳e"p<pi"8逢嬰e"vj詠e"jk羽p0"
Hỡnh 2. 4:C医w"vt¿e"8k隠w"mjk吋p"rjÔp"sw{隠p
Eƒe"oƒ{"v pj"8k隠w"mjk吋p"8逢嬰e"m院v"p嘘k"x噂k"pjcw"xà v噂k"oƒ{"vnh ph嘘k"j嬰r"sua m衣pi"8逢嬰e"i丑k"nà bus x穎"n#0"Chỳ ý s詠"rjÔp"dk羽v"ik英c"eƒe"mjƒk"pk羽o"dwu"vt逢運pi"xà bus x穎"n#"mjằpi"d逸v"dw瓜e"p茨o"荏"u詠"mjƒe"pjcw"x隠"mk吋w"dwu"8逢嬰e"z穎""f映pi"oà 荏"o映e" 8kej"u穎"f映pi"– hay núi cỏch khỏc là 荏"eƒe"vjk院v"d鵜"8逢嬰e"m院v"p嘘k0"Khi núi t噂k"dwu"x穎" lý, ta ngh"vt逢噂e"j院v"8院p"o衣pi"m院v"p嘘k"eƒe"vjk院v"d鵜"vjằpi"vkp"荏"e医r"8k隠w"mjk吋p*荏"8Ô{" ej pj"n "eƒe"oƒ{"v pj"8k隠w"mjk吋p+"x噂k"pjcw"jq員e"x噂k"eƒe"vjk院v"d鵜"vtờn c医r"8k隠w"jành. Vtqpi"mjk"8„"mjƒk"pk羽o"dwu"vt逢運pi"vj逢運pi"8逢嬰e"fựng ch雨"o衣pi"m院v"p嘘k"eƒe"vjk院v"d鵜" g亥p"x噂k"swƒ"vtỡnh k悦"vjw壱v"– t泳e"eƒe"vjk院v"d鵜"荏"e医r"ej医r"jành và cú th吋"荏"e違"e医r"8k隠w" khi吋p0"Trong m瓜v"u嘘"ik違k"rjƒr."o瓜v"mk吋w"dwu"fw{"pj医v"8逢嬰e"u穎"f映pi"8逢嬰e"fựng cho c違"jck"o映e"8 ej"pàỵ
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3. 3 C医w"vt¿e"rjÔp"vƒp
A員e"8k吋o"e栄c"o瓜v"e医w"vt¿e"8k隠w"mjk吋p"rjÔp"vƒp"là vi羽e"rjÔp"vƒp"ej泳e"p<pi" x穎"n#"vjằpi"vkp."ej泳e"p<pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"vjgq"ejk隠w"t瓜pi"e pi"pj逢"vjgq"ejk隠w"uÔw"m院v" h嬰r"x噂k"z穎"f映pi"o衣pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"vjc{"ejq"rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"p嘘k"fÔ{"xà b茨pi"8k羽p" vjằpi"vj逢運pi0""Dờn c衣pj"ik違k"rjƒr"u穎"f映pi"eƒe"e映o"xào /ra t衣k"ej厩"xà cỏc thi院v"d鵜" ch医r"j pj"vjằpi"okpj."pi逢運k"vc"eũn 8逢c"eƒe"oƒ{"v pj"8k隠w"mjk吋p"pj臼*pj逢"eƒe"d瓜" 8k隠w"ej雨pj."xk"8k隠w"mjk吋p+"zw嘘pi"eƒe"x鵜"vt "i亥p"m隠"x噂k"swƒ"vtỡnh k悦"vjw壱v0"
Hỡnh 2. 5 m瓜v"x "f映"vkờu bi吋w"e栄c"o瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"rjÔp"vƒp"fựng gi違k"rjƒr" h厩p"j嬰r"8逢嬰e"ejkc"nàm khu v詠e<
‚ Vtwpi"vÔo"8k隠w"jành quỏ trỡnh bao g欝o""eƒe"vt衣o"eằpi"pij羽"GU*Gpikpggtkpi" Station), tr衣o" vjcq" vƒe" QU" *qrgtcvkqp" uvcvkqp+" xà tr衣o" rj映e" x映" UU" *Ugtxgt" Station).
‚ Vtwpi"vÔo"8k隠w"mjk吋p"dcq"i欝o"eƒe"oƒ{"v pj"8k隠w"mjk吋p"pj逢"RNẸ"oƒ{"v pj" cụng nghi羽r" KRE" xà cỏc mỏy tớnh ph嘘k" j嬰r" 8逢嬰e" p嘘k" x噂k" pjcw" xà n嘘k" nờn vtwpi"vÔo"8k隠w"jành quỏ trỡnh qua bus x穎"n#"*vj逢運pi"fựng Ethernet).
‚ Khu v詠e"i亥p"x噂k"swƒ"vtỡnh k悦"vjw壱v"dcq"i欝o"eƒe"d瓜"8k隠w"mjk吋p"v衣k"ej厩"pj逢" cỏc b瓜" xk" 8k隠w" mjk吋p" OE*oketq" eqpvtqnngt+" jc{" eƒe b瓜" 8k隠w" mjk吋p" vjw" g丑p*eqorcev" eqpvtqnngt+.eƒe" e映o" xào /ra t衣k" ej厩." eƒe" vjk院v" d鵜" e違o" dk院p" xà ch医r" j pj" 8逢嬰e" p嘘k" n‒p" vtwpi" vÔo" 8k隠w" mjk吋p" swc" dwu" vt逢運pi*x " f映" Profibus,Foundation fieldbus…).
Trong th詠e"v院."vw "vjgq"v pj"ej医v"泳pi"f映pi"xà th吋"nq衣k"swƒ"vtỡnh k悦"vjw壱v"oà c医w" trỳc phõn tỏn cú th吋"8挨p" ik違p"jqƒ"jq員e" o荏"t瓜pi"j挨p0"Từ ràng c医w"vt¿e"rjÔp"vƒp" 8逢嬰e"vj吋"jk羽p"荏"pj英pi"8k吋o"ucw<
Ti院v"mk羽o"fÔ{"p嘘k"xà c鰻pi"p嘘k"fÔ{"pj運"o衣pi"vtw{隠p"vjằpi0"
‚ Hi羽w"uw医v"e pi"pj逢"8瓜"vkp"e壱{"v鰻pi"vj吋"e栄c"j羽"vj嘘pi"8逢嬰e"pÔpi"ecq""pj運"s詠" phõn tỏn ch泳e"p<pi"zw嘘pi"e医r"f逢噂k0"
‚ A瓜"nkpj"jq衣v"ecq."vkpj"p<pi"o荏"vtqpi" xk羽e" o荏"t瓜pi"j羽"vj嘘pị"owc"u逸o" xà thay th院"vjk院v"d鵜."pÔpi"e医r"xà c違k"v衣q"o噂k"eƒe"ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh ph亥p"o隠o"泳pi" d映pi0"
Chớnh t瑛"eƒe"{ờu c亥w"d泳e"vjk院v"v瑛"rj c"pi逢運k"z穎"f映pi"nà ph違k" ik違o"giỏ thành vtqpi"mjk"eƒe"v pj"p<pi"m悦"vjw壱v"rj違k"8違o"d違q."e瓜pi"x噂k"eƒe"vk院p"d瓜"x逢嬰v"d壱e"vtqpi" cụng ngh羽"xk"8k羽p"v穎"xà cụng ngh羽"vjằpi"vkp"8„"8„pi"xck"vtũ quy院v"8鵜pj"vtqpi"u詠" chuy吋p"j逢噂pi"eƒe"ik違k"rjƒr"8k隠w"mjk吋p"v詠"8瓜pi"ucpi"f衣pi"e„"e医w"vt¿e"rjÔp"vƒp0"
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Hỡnh 2. 5:C医w"vt¿e"vkờu bi吋w"e栄c"j羽"8k隠w"mjk吋p"rjÔp"vƒp"FEU
4. H羽"vj嘘pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"rjÔp"vƒp"FEU
4. 1 Khỏi ni羽o"x隠"j羽"vj嘘pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"rjÔp"vƒp"FEU
H羽"vj嘘pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"rjÔp"vƒp"8逢嬰e"jk吋w"pj逢"n "j羽"vj嘘pi"f詠c"vtờn cỏc ph亥p" c泳pi" xà ph亥p" o隠o" 8k隠w" mhi吋p" xà thu th壱r" f英" nk羽w" vt‒p" e挨" u荏" o瓜v" 8逢運pi" vtw{隠p" thụng tin t嘘e"8瓜"ecq."eƒe"oqfwng"8逢嬰e"rjÔp"vƒp"xà t鰻"ej泳e"vjgq"o瓜v"e医w"vt¿e"pj医v" 8鵜pj"x噂k"o瓜v"ej泳e"p<pi""pjk羽o"x映"tkờng. Cỏc thi院v"d鵜"ikcq"vk院r"vt‒p"8逢運pi"vtw{隠p" t嘘e"8瓜"ecq"pày cho phộp nghộp n嘘k"f宇"fàng v噂k"eƒe"vjk院v"d鵜"piq衣k"xk"mjƒe"pj逢"RNẸ" eƒe"oƒ{"v pj"8k隠w"mjk吋p"ikƒo"uƒv0"
Gi嘘pi" pj逢" v‒p" i丑k" x隠" j羽" vj嘘pi" 8k隠w" mjk吋p" ikƒo" uƒv" *Fkuvtkdwvgf" Eqpvtqn" System) cỏc ch泳e"p<pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"8逢嬰e"rjÔp"d嘘"mj逸r"j羽"vj嘘pi"8吋"vjc{"ejq"xk羽e"z穎" lý t壱r"vtwpi"vtờn m瓜v"oƒ{"v pj"8挨p"n飲0""Pj運"8„"jk羽w"p<pi"v鰻pi"vj吋"e栄c"j羽"vj嘘pi"8逢嬰e" nõng caọ M瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"FEU"vkờu bi吋w"e„"eƒe"vt衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p"jq衣v"8瓜pi"8瓜e"n壱r"xà 8k隠w"mjk吋p"v瑛pi"d瓜"rj壱p"ejw{ờn d映pi"e栄c"j羽"vj嘘pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p0"J挨p"p英c"vtqpi"j羽" th嘘pi" e„" o瓜v" xài tr衣o" 8k隠w" j pj" 8吋" ikƒo" uỏt cỏc d英" nk羽w" vtqpi" eƒe" vt衣o" 8k隠w" khi吋p.ewpi"e医r"eƒe"ikcq"fk羽p"8欝"jq衣"x "ejq"rjfir"pi逢運k"x壱p"jành th詠e"jk羽p"eƒe"vjc{" 8鰻k"o瓜v"eƒej"f宇"fàng.
AÔ{"n "o瓜v"oằ"v違"o荏"t瓜pi"x隠"o瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"FEU"pj逢pi"oằ"v違"pày c pi"rjự h嬰r" x噂k" o瓜v" j羽" vj嘘pi" i欝o" eƒe" RNE" xà cỏc PC v噂k cỏc ph亥p" o隠o" ikƒo" uƒv" x壱p" j pj0"Ak隠w"pày d磯p"vc"v噂k"o瓜v"8鵜pj"pij c"swcp"vt丑pi"vj泳"jck"e栄c"j羽"vj嘘pi"FEU0"O瓜v" h羽"vj嘘pi"FEU"nà m瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"v ej"j嬰r"8亥{"8栄"x噂k"o瓜v"j羽"e挨"u荏"f英"nk羽w"vqàn c映e0" Khụng gi嘘pi" pj逢" eƒe" j羽" vj嘘pi" f詠c" vtờn PLC, ta khụng th吋" u穎" f映pi" eƒe b瓜" 8k隠w" khi吋p"mjƒe"pjcw"xà cỏc tr衣o"8k隠w"jành t瑛"pj英pi"pjà cung c医r"mjƒe"pjcw"t欝k"m院v" h嬰r"ej¿pi"n衣k"x噂k"pjcw0"O瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"FEU""nà m瓜v"j羽"vj嘘pi"jqàn ch雨pj."vtqpi"8„" vi羽e"vtw{隠p"vjằpị"vtcq"8鰻k"f英"nk羽w"ik英c"eƒe"d瓜"rj壱p"u胤"mjằpi"8逢嬰e"vj吋"jk羽p"8嘘k"x噂k"
Trang 24
pi逢運k"dựng. Ngoài ra, n院w"o瓜v"8k吋o"*jq員e"mj嘘k"ej泳e"p<pi+"8逢嬰e"v衣q"tc"vtqpi"d瓜"vjỡ ucw"8„."vq p"d瓜"j羽"vj嘘pi"u胤"pj壱p"dk院v"p„0"V泳e"nà khụng c亥p"rj違k"v衣q"o瓜v"e挨"u荏"f英" li羽w"tkờng trong tr衣o"8k隠w"j pj"8吋"rjự h嬰r"x噂k"f英"nk羽w"vtqpi"eƒe"d瓜"8k隠w"mjk吋p"xỡ vjằpi"vkp"8ó 8逢嬰e t詠"8瓜pi"v衣q"tc"vtqpi"vqàn b瓜"j羽"vj嘘pi0"
4. 2 Mụ hỡnh phõn l噂r"e栄c"j羽"vj嘘pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"FEU<
‚ C医w"vt¿e"8員e"vt逢pi"e栄c"j羽"vj嘘pi"FEU"i欝o"e„"6"n噂r"< ‚ L噂r"K1Q=
‚ Ak隠w"mjk吋p"– Cỏc b瓜"8k隠w"mjk吋p*X "f映"pj逢"HEU"–Tr衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p"vt逢運pi+= ‚ Ak隠w"jành – Cỏc tr衣o"8k隠w"jành(vớ d映"pj逢"JKU"–tr衣o"ikcq"fk羽p"pi逢運k"oƒ{+= ‚ Thụng tin qu違p"n#- e挨"u荏"f英"nk羽w"xà cỏc tr衣o"sw違p"n#"*x "f映"pj逢"Gzcswcpvwo"
và PRM – Ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh qu違p"n#"vài nguyờn nhà mỏy).
Hỡnh 2. 6 Mụ hỡnh phõn l噂r"j羽"FEU0"
4. 2. 1 L噂r"K1Q
Cỏc b瓜"xào ra c栄c"j羽"vj嘘pi"8逢嬰e"z穎"n#"荏"n噂r"K1Q"d茨pi"o瓜v"vtqpi"dc"eƒej"ucw<
I/O b茨pi"o衣ej"8k羽p"v穎<
Cỏc I/O d衣pi"v逢挨pi"v詠*"pj逢"eƒe"d瓜"8q"ƒr"uw医v."xcp"8k隠w"ej雨pj"x"x00+xà d衣pi"u嘘*Eƒe" relay và cỏc b瓜"ejw{吋p"o衣ej+"e„"vj吋"8逢嬰e"vj詠e"jk羽p"d茨pi"eƒe"rcpgn"o衣ej"8k羽p"v穎" tr詠e"vk院r"v瑛"jk羽p"vt逢運pi0 Panel giao di羽p"K1Q"e„"o瓜v"nq衣v"eƒe"ectf"ikcq"fk羽p"8吋"8逢c" vào x穎"n#"eƒe"f衣pi"v p"jk羽w"xào /rạ
Trang 25
I/O fieldbus:
Cú nhi隠w"f衣pi"hkgnfdwụ"Rtqhkdwu"xà Hart. Nh英pi"nq衣k"pày cho phộp cỏc sensor và eƒe"e挨"e医w"ej医r"jành cú th吋"8逢嬰e"m院v"p嘘k"x噂k"ikcq"fk羽p"K1Q"vjằpg qua m瓜v"o衣pi"u嘘" 8挨p"8吋"vtcq"8鰻k"eƒe"vjằpi"u嘘"swƒ"vtỡnh và cỏc thụng s嘘"vt衣pi"vjƒk"vjk院v"d鵜0"
Giao ti院r"x噂k"RNE
Cỏc PLC cú th吋"8逢嬰e"p嘘k"x噂k"j羽"vj嘘pi"FEU""d茨pi"xài d衣pi"ectf"ikcq"fk羽p" truy隠p"vjằpị"vj逢運pi"nà trong panel giao di羽p"K1Q."jq員e"8挨p"ik違p"d茨pi"eƒch n嘘k"vt詠e" ti院r"8院p"o衣pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"vjằpi"swc"oqfwng"vtw{隠pi"vjằpi"x噂k"RNE0"
4. 2. 2 L噂r"8k隠w"mjk吋p
AÔ{"n "p挨k"v壱r"vtwpi"v医v"e違"eƒe"ej泳e"p<pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p0"Eƒe"d瓜"8k隠w"mjk吋p"vtcq" 8鰻k"vjằpi"vkp"x噂k"n噂r"K1Q"8丑e"f英"nk羽w"xào, x穎"n#"eƒe"ej泳e"p<pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"xà g穎k"eƒe" tớn hi羽w""tc0""Eƒe"vt衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p"8逢嬰e"jq衣v"8瓜pi"8瓜e"n壱r"x噂k"pjcw"pờn n院w"z違{"tc" s詠"e嘘"o瓜v"vt衣o"u胤"mjằpi"違pj"j逢荏pi"8院p"vt衣o"mjƒe0""A欝pi"vj運k"o瓜v"vt衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p" cú th吋"vtcq"8鰻k"f英"nk羽w"f宇"fàng v噂k"o瓜v"vt衣o"mjƒe"mjk"z穎"f映pi"rj逢挨pi"rjƒr"vtw{隠p" thụng ngang hàng “ peer to peer” trong m衣pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p0"
4. 2. 3 L噂r"8k隠w"jành
Cỏc tr衣o"8k隠w"jành cung c医r"o瓜v"ikcq"fk羽p"8欝"jq衣"x噂k"eƒe"ej泳e"p<pi"x "eƒe" d英"nk羽w"vtqpi"d瓜"8k隠w"mjk吋p"xà trong quỏ trỡnh x穎"n#"vjằpi"swc eƒe"8欝"vj鵜."eƒe"dƒq" cỏo…
4. 2. 4 L噂r"vjằpi"vkp"sw違p"n#
T医v"e違"eƒe"vjằpi"vkp"荏"o泳e"8瓜"ecq."mjằpi"e亥p"x噂k"xk羽e"8k隠w"mjk吋p"vj運k"ikcp" th詠e"pj逢pi"n "e亥p"vjk院v"8嘘k"x噂k"xk羽e"sw違p"n#"swƒ"vrỡnh lõu dài 8逢嬰e"z穎"n#"vtqpi"n噂r" qu違p"n#0"N噂r"pày g欝o"5"n噂r"pj臼<
‚ Gateway - 8吋"8丑e"f英"nk羽w"v瑛"eƒe"vt衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p=
‚ E挨"u荏"f英"nk羽w- 8吋"ik英"x "n逢w"n衣k"f英"nk羽w"v瑛"rjÔp"v ej"vt逢噂e= ‚ Qu違p"n#"- 8吋"z穎"n#"vjằpi"vkp"vtqpi"e挨"u荏"f英"nk羽w0"
Gateway:
Vt逢噂e" mkc" o厩k" pjà cung c医r" e„" ikcq" vj泳e" vtw{隠p" vjằpi" 8瓜e" sw{隠p" 8吋" ejq" phộp mỏy ch栄"vtw{"e壱r"f英"nk羽w"v瑛"eƒe"vt衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p0"Jk羽p"pc{"Oketquqhv"épi"x挨k" m瓜v"u嘘"pjà cung c医r"ej pj"8ó phỏt tri吋p"o瓜v"o映e"vkờu chu育p"nkờn l衣e"i丑k"nà OPC. QRE"n "QNG"ejq"8k隠w"mjk吋p"swƒ"vtỡnh và cho phộp mỏy ch栄"pào c pi"e„"vj吋"m院v"p嘘k" t噂k"FEU"d医v"m 0"QRE"e„"vj吋"8員v"vtqpi"vt衣o"8k隠w"jành ho員e"vtqpi"o瓜v"oƒ{"v pj"8瓜e" l壱r0"
Lずr"e￢"uぞ"fの"nkうw<
D英" nk羽w" e栄c" j羽" vj嘘pi" FEU" rj違k" 8逢嬰e" n逢w" vt英" xà cú m瓜v" u嘘" d瓜" e挨" u荏" f英" li羽w*Fcvcdcug" rcemcig+" 8逢嬰e" vjk院v" m院" ejq" o映e" 8 ej" p {0" Ej¿pi" i欝o" Exaquantum(m瓜v"u違p"rj育o"e栄c"[qmqicyc+"xà PI (m瓜v"u違p"rj育o"8瓜e"n壱r+0"Pj逢pi" rcemcig"p {"8丑e"f英"nk羽w"vjằpi"swc"e鰻pi"QRE""x "n逢w"f英"nk羽w"f逢噂k"f衣pi"hqtocv"e挨" s荏"f英"nk羽w"ejw育p0""Gzcswcpvwo"fựng Server SQL c栄c"Oketquqhv"v逢挨pi"vj ej"x噂k"j亥w"
Trang 26
h院v cỏc package qu違p"n#0"Piqài ra chỳng cũn cung c医r"eƒe"ej泳e"p<pi"mjƒe"pj逢"n逢w" tr英"f英"nk羽w"vt‒p"8 c."pfip"f英"nk羽w."dƒq"eƒq"e挨"d違p"eƒe"ej泳e"p<pi"jk吋p"vj鵜0" Lずr"swＶp"n#< Cú m瓜v"nq衣v"eƒe"rcemcig"mjƒe"pjcw"u印p"e„.ewpi"e医r"eƒe"vjằpi"vkp"mjƒe"pjcw" cho ng逢運k"fựng. Nú g欝o"dƒq"eƒq"ejk"vk院v."8k隠w"mjk吋p"mj嘘k."xà cụng th泳ẹ"sw違p"n#" ngu欝p"oƒ{."sw違p"n#"e違pj"dƒq."v嘘k"逢w"jqƒ"oƒ{"x0"xẩ"Ej¿pi"vtw{"e壱r"f英"nk羽w"v瑛"e挨" s荏"f英"nk羽w"n逢w"pj逢pi"e„"vj吋"ijk"vt詠e"vk院r"v噂k""eƒe"vt衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p"vjằpi"swc"QRE0" 4. 3 Cỏc mụ hỡnh m衣ng trong h羽"vj嘘pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"rjÔp"vƒp
K院v"j嬰r"x噂k"eƒe"n噂r"pj逢"vt‒p"n "eƒe"o衣pi"oƒ{"v pj"8吋"nkờn k院v"eƒe"n噂r"x噂k" nhaụ M衣pi"vtcq"8鰻k"t瓜pi"tói v噂k"eƒe"n噂r"pj逢"ucw<
‚ M衣pi"K1Q"– Bus I/O t瑛"zc."Hkgnfdwụ"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"RNE.
‚ M衣pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p"– n嘘k"eƒe"d瓜"8k隠w"mjk吋p và cỏc tr衣o"8k隠w"jành. ‚ M衣pi"fk羽p"t瓜pi"e栄c"pjà mỏy- p挨k"ej泳c"j亥w"j院v"eƒe"vjằpi"vkp"sw違p"n#.
4. 3. 1 Cỏc m衣pi"K1Q
Cú th吋"e„"xài lo衣k"o衣pi"K1Q"8k隠w"8„"rj映"vjw瓜e"xào lo衣k"K1Q"e„"ikcq"fk羽p"x噂k<
Hỡnh 2. 7 : M衣pi"K1Q.
‚ Bus Remote I/O –M瓜v"vt衣o"8k隠u kkhi吋p"e„"eƒe"ectf"ikcq"fk羽p"K1Q"8逢嬰e"v ej" h嬰r" vtqpi" vt衣o" 8k隠w" mjk吋p*x " f映" pj逢" j羽" vj嘘pi" Hkuejgt" xà porter 6). Tuy nhiờn,nh英pi"vt衣o" mjƒe"*pj逢"[qmqicyc"EU322215222+"e„"K1Q"v瑛"zc."v泳e"nà card giao di羽p"K1Q"vƒej"dk羽v"mj臼k"vt衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p"xà liờn l衣e"x噂k"p„"sua m瓜v" bus remote I/O t嘘e"8瓜"ecq0"
‚ M衣pi"hkgnfdwu"– M瓜v"ectf"hkgnfdwu"vj逢運pi"8員v"vtqpi"o瓜v"mjg"vtờn panel I/O và m厩k"nq衣k"o衣pi"hkgnfdwu"vj逢運pi"z穎"f映pi"o瓜v"nq衣k"ectf"hkgnfdwu"tkờng bi羽v0" ‚ M衣pi"RNE"– Pj逢"x噂k"hkgnfdwụ"ectf"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"vj逢運pi"8員v"荏"o瓜v"mjg"K1O
trờn panel I/O, x穎"f映pi"e鰻pi"ikcq"fk羽p"p嘘k"vk院r."xà m瓜v"u嘘"e„"mj違"p<pi"j厩"vt嬰" chu育p"Gvjgtpgv"xà ph亥p"o‒o"ftkxgt"8逢嬰e"p衣r"xào card cho phộp liờn l衣e"x噂k"
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m瓜v"RNE"8員e"dk羽v0"Ej鰯pi"j衣p"pj逢"ikcq"vj泳e"vtw{隠p"vjằpi"e栄c"OqfdwụCĐ" hay Siemens cú th吋"8逢嬰e"p衣r"xào ectf"8吋"nkờn l衣e"x噂k"d医v"m "nq衣k"RNE"pào trong s嘘"8„"jq員e"eƒe"RNE"v逢挨pi"vj ej0"Ikcq"vj泳e"Oqfdwu"nà m瓜v"ejw育p"eằpi" nghi羽r."pjk隠w"nq衣k"RNE"xà cỏc thi院v"d鵜"mjƒe*"vjk院v"d鵜"rjÔp"v ej."eÔp"8k羽p"v穎ẩ) cú th吋"nkờn l衣e"vtờn giao th泳e"pàỵ
4. 3. 2 M衣pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p<
Cỏc tr衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p"xà cỏc tr衣o"8k隠w"j pj"8逢嬰e"nkờn l衣e"x噂k"pjcw"vjằpi"swc" m瓜v"8逢運pi"vtw{隠p"f英"nk羽w"v嘘e"8瓜"ecq"i丑k"nà m衣pi"8k隠w"mjk吋p0"AÔ{"nwằp"nà m衣pi"8瓜e" quy隠p" e栄c" o厩k" jóng và th逢運pi" u穎" f映pi" rj逢挨pi" rjƒr" vtw{" pj壱r" vj飲" dài Token pasing. M瓜v"o衣pi"o衣pi"8k隠w"mhi吋p"8逢嬰e"逢w"vk‒p"8吋"pj英pi"vjằpi"vkp"pj医v"8鵜pj"nwằp" 8逢嬰e"vtcq"8鰻k"vjgq"o泳e"8瓜"ucw0"Eƒe"oguucig"e違pj"dƒq."vjằpi"vkp"swƒ"vtỡnh và cỏc l羽pj"8k隠w"jành, truy隠p"hkng"jc{"pj壱r"o瓜v"ej逢挨pi"vtỡnh vào m瓜v"vt衣o"8k隠w"mjk吋p0"