Đây là động từ nguyên thể không đi kèm với to (infinitive without to) và được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau :
1/ Dùng sau các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như : can, could, may, might, must, oughtto… to…
- You may go now.
- They must finish the work by now.
2/ Dùng sau các động từ : HAVE, LET, MAKE, HELP…
- I helped the child tidy his desk. - He had a painter paint the gate.
- They let him enter the room without a ticket. - My parents make me go to bed early.
3/ Dùng sau BUT, EXCEPT với nghĩa “ngoại trừ”
- Why don’t you do anything but complain?
- She agreed to do everything but help him with the homework.
4/ Dùng sau các động từ chỉ giác quan như : see, watch, hear, notice, observe, spot…
- We heard them sing all morning. - He saw the thief enter the hall.
Chú ý : như ta đã biết hiện tại phân từ (present participle) có thể được dùng cho các động từ trên để diễn tả hành động đang tiếp diễn. Còn động từ nguyên thể dùng trong trường hợp này chỉ hành động đã hoàn tất.
- I watched them playing football for a while. (trận đấu vẫn đang tiếp diễn) - I watched them play football yesterday afternoon. (xem toàn bộ trận đấu)
EXERCISE I :Supply the correct form of the verbs :
1/ Could I (see) _________ Mr. Brown, please ?
2/ He told me (try) _________ (come) _________ early. 3/ I wanted her (learn) _________ English.
4/ Will you (help) _________ me (move) _________ this desk ? 5/ Please (let) _________ me (know) _________ your opinion.
6/ Would you like (paint) _________ your bike or should I (have) _________ a painter (do) _________ it for you ?
7/ He warned me (not come) _________ late.
9/ Did you (see) _________ Tom (try) _________ (reach) _________ the top of the dresser ? - He’s too short (reach) _________ it.
10/ We had to (ask) _________ the students (stop) _________ (make) _________ so much noise. 11/ I can’t understand his (want) _________ (buy) _________ such an expensive car.
12/ I couldn’t stand (be) _________ alone in the dark room.
13/ They don’t want us (mention) _________ their (come) _________ late.
14/ You must remember (lock) _________ the door before (leave) _________ the house.
15/ After (get) _________ (know) _________ her at school, he finished by (ask) _________ her address.
EXERCISE II :Use the correct verb form :
1/ The children are busy (collect) _________ shells on the beach.
2/ The teacher promised (help) _________ us (prepare) _________ for the examination. 3/ We regret (say) _________ that the lecture was dull and wasn’t worth (listen) _________ to. 4/ There’s no (deny) _________ that he enjoys (listen) _________ to his own voice.
5/ Is (boil) _________ or (fry) _________ the best way of (cook) _________ this fish ? 6/ It’s no use your (ask) _________ him (lend) _________ you any money.
7/ Can you manage(finish) _________ (write) _________ these reports by yourself ?
8/ He advised me( consider) _________ all the facts before (decide) _________ (accept) _________ the job.
9/ They refused (allow) _______ us (go) _______ in without (sign) _______ the book.
10/ My uncle used to (show) _________ me where (go) _________ and what (buy) ________. 11/ There’s nothing like (walk) _________ as a means of (keep) _________ fit.
12/ Your doctor advised (go) _________ to bed early, so I really can’t understand your (want) _________ (stay) _________ up late.
13/ We considered (give) _________ her a dress for her birthday, but couldn’t help (buy) _________ her some flowers, too.
14/ There’s nothing (be) _______ done about it now except (tell) _______ the police the truth. 15/ I remember (hear) ________ him (say) ________ the grass needed (cut) _______.
16/ Would you mind (keep) ______ quiet for a moment ? I’m trying (fill) _________ in a form. - It’s no use (ask) _________ children (keep) _________ quiet. They can’t help (make) _________ noise.
17/ The miser spent all his time (count) _________ his money and (think) _________ up new hiding places. He kept (move) _________ it about because he was terrified of (be) _________ robbed. He used to (get) _________ up at night (make) _________ sure it was still there.
18/ They don’t allow (smoke) _________ in the auditorium; they don’t want (risk) _________ (set) _________ it on fire.
19/ Would you like me (turn) _________ down the radio a bit ? - No, it’s all right. I’m used to (work) _________ with the radio on. 20/ We couldn’t help (laugh) ________ when he was making fun of himself.
EXERCISE III : Rewrite the following sentences.
1/ Would you close the door, please ?
- Would you mind _______________________________________ ? 2/ They didn’t allow us to smoke in here.
- They didn’t let _____________________________________________. 3/ My teacher advised buying that book.
- My teacher advised us _______________________________________. 4/ The thief forced the bank manager to lie on the ground.
- The thief made _____________________________________________. 5/ He has studied English for six years.
- He began __________________________________________________. 6/ It is necessary to master English.
- Mastering __________________________________________________. 7/ He spent two hours writing the essay.
- It took _____________________________________________________. 8/ He is too young to ride a motorbike.
- He isn’t ____________________________________________________. 9/ The bag was so heavy that she couldn’t carry it upstairs.
- The bag was too _____________________________________________. 10/ He expects to hear from her as soon as possible.
- He is looking forward _________________________________________.
Bài 7 : CÁC HÌNH THỨC NHẤN MẠNH (FORMS OF EMPHASIS) A. NHẤN MẠNH ĐỘNG TỪ.
Để nhấn mạnh động từ trong câu xác định, ta đặt DO hoặc DOES (nếu ở thì hiện tại đơn) và DID (nếu ở quá khứ đơn) trước các động từ ở dạng nguyên mẫu không có TO.
- I did see him at the airport yesterday.
- I know that you don’t expect me to go; but I do go. - He does wish he could speak English fluently.
Để cho câu mệnh lệnh trở nên lịch sự hơn hoặc thuyết phục hơn, ta dùng DO trước các câu mệnh lệnh.
- Do help me, please.
- Do be careful when you cross the road.
Trong câu phủ định, ta đặt NOT sau động từ hoặc dùng NEVER trước DO, DOES, DID. - I know not anything about that.
- They succeeded not in their scheme although they tried very hard. - She never does help her friends.
- I never did hear anything like that before.
Trong câu mệnh lệnh phủ định, ta đặt YOU giữa DON’T và động từ. - Don’t you forget it.
- Don’t you speak to me like that.
B. NHẤN MẠNH MỘT TỪ, MỘT CỤM TỪ, MỘT MỆNH ĐỀ.
Ta dùng cấu trúc “It + is / was + ……… + that…” để nhấn mạnh một từ (word), một cụm từ (phrase) hay một mệnh đề (clause). Nếu mệnh đề chính ở hiện tại, ta dùng “It is ……. that…”; còn nếu mệnh đề chính ở quá khứ, ta dùng “It was……that…” .
- It was Mr.Brown that I met at the theatre yesterday. (nhấn mạnh một từ) - It was at the theatre that I met Mr.Brown yesterday. (nhấn mạnh 1 cụm từ) - It was because it rained heavily that we couldn’t go to the lecture. (1 mệnh đề) - It is the smoke from that factory chimney that pollutes the air.