II. Chuyeồn mách Lambda
3. Chuyeồn mách Lambda ủa giao thửực (MPλS – MultiProtocol
Switching)
Khung cho caực máng quang liẽn keỏt noỏi vaứ MPLS ủửụùc gói laứ MPλS.
Máng quang vaứ MPLS coự caực cụ cheỏ ủiều khieồn (caực lụựp ủiều khieồn) ủeồ quaỷn lyự lửu lửụùng ngửụứi duứng. Caực lụựp ủiều khieồn naứy ủửụùc trỡnh baứy trong hỡnh sau: MPLS Control Plane MPLS Control Plane LFIB OSP Cross-connect Table Wavelength management Wavelength management Wavelength management Wavelength management Network Node
Hỡnh a.1. Maởt phaỳng ủiều khieồn quang vaứ MPLS
ẹiều chuựng ta quan tãm ụỷ maởt phaỳng ủiều khieồn MPLS chớnh laứ sửù keỏt noỏi vaứ phãn phoỏi nhaừn trong suoỏt LSP. Coứn ụỷ lụựp ủiều khieồn quang laứ sửù thieỏt laọp caực kẽnh quang (bửụực soựng), heọ thoỏng maừ hoựa quang thớch hụùp vụựi cõng cú quang ủaởc bieọt, toỏc ủoọ truyền (bit/s) vaứ caực chửực naờng chuyeồn mách baỷo veọ.
Quaự trỡnh trao ủoồi bửụực soựng quang vaứ MPLS
Moọt khớa cánh chuỷ choỏt cuỷa liẽn keỏt máng quang vaứ MPLS laứ thieỏt laọp moỏi tửụng quan giửừa moọt giaự trũ nhaừn MPLS vụựi moọt bửụực soựng quang. Trong hỡnh II.6-9 , thõng tin tửứ LFIB (vaứ tửứ hoát ủoọng ửu tiẽn cuỷa lụựp ủiều khieồn IP) ủửụùc sửỷ dúng ủeồ aựnh xá moọt nhaừn vaứo moọt bửụực soựng nhaốm thieỏt laọp moọt OSP.
Moọt giao thửực ủiều khieồn nhử GMPLS hay LMP (Link Management Protocol) coự theồ ủửụùc sửỷ dúng ủeồ thõng baựo cho caực nuựt lãn caọn cuỷa noự về sửù aựnh xá cuỷa nhaừn naứy ủeỏn moọt bửụực soựng cú theồ.
Caực nuựt máng quang khõng cần cần quan tãm ủeỏn sửù xửỷ lyự caực nhaừn MPLS.
OSP Cross-Connect Table 1 2 3 Network Node 70 89 74 56 74 89 70 70 44 56 λ1 44 λn λ2 λ1 λn λn λ1 λ2 λ2
Hỡnh a.2. Maởt phaỳng dửừ lieọu quang O/O/O
Trong hỡnh trẽn, sửù noỏi thõng quang laứ sửù chuyeồn tieỏp caực bửụực soựng tửứ giao dieọn ủầu vaứo ủeỏn giao dieọn ủầu ra. Sửù mõ taỷ naứy laứ moọt vớ dú cuỷa moọt lụựp dửừ lieọu quang maứ noự laứ moọt thieỏt bũ O/O/O. Trong ủoự:
• O ủầu tiẽn kớ hieọu cho tớn hieọu ủầu vaứo laứ tớn hieọu quang.
• O thửự hai kớ hieọu laứ lụựp dửừ lieọu quang (ụỷ ủãy khõng coự sửù bieỏn ủoồi ủieọn naứo cuỷa tớn hieọu).
• O thửự ba kớ hieọu cho tớn hieọu ủầu ra cuừng laứ tớn hieọu quang.
λ2 ủửụùc ủửa ủeỏn giao dieọn 1 vaứ ủửụùc chuyeồn ủeỏn giao dieọn 3. Caực bửụực soựng khaực thỡ ủửụùc noỏi thõng ủeỏn giao dieọn 2.
Neỏu caực nhaừn ủửụùc phãn tớch thỡ chuyeồn mách phaỷi saộp xeỏp lái thaứnh O/E/O tửực laứ chuyeồn tớn hieọu quang thaứnh moọt tớn hieọu ủieọn ủeồ tieỏn haứnh xửỷ lyự maứo ủầu nhaừn (Label header).
Vieọc aựnh xá nhaừn vaứo bửụực soựng ủửụùc ủaởt tái biẽn cuỷa máng quang. Trẽn hỡnh II.6-11 , theồ hieọn vieọc ngửụứi duứng gửỷi lửu lửụùng lẽn máng.
Transit OXC Transit OXC Transit OXC Egress LSR/OXC Ingress LSR/OXC User User Map wavelength to label Process wavelength Process wavelength Map label to wavelength
Hỡnh a.3. Xửỷ lyự lửu lửụùng ngửụứi duứng
Tái nuựt máng ủầu vaứo, nhaừn MPLS ủửụùc gaựn cho moọt bửụực soựng thớch hụùp coự nghúa laứ moọt kẽnh thớch hụùp trong máng vaứ ngoaứi máng ủeồ ủeỏn ngửụứi duứng cuoỏi. Caực nuựt trung gian ủửụùc gaựn nhaừn transit OXC seừ xửỷ lyự caực bửụực soựng ủề táo tuyeỏn.
Nhaừn MPLS coự theồ coự hay khõng ủửụùc phãn tớch tái caực nuựt trung gian. Vớ dú khi taỷi tróng ngửụứi duứng ủửụùc gửỷi lẽn máng thõng qua moọt ủửụứng LSP cửụừng bửực tửứ LSR/OXC ủầu vaứo ủeỏn LSR/OXC ủaứu ra, khõng cần thieỏt caực nhaừn phaỷi ủửụùc bieỏt ủeỏn tái taỏt caỷ caực nuựt máng bieỏt về sửù liẽn keỏt giửừa bửụực soựng vụựi nhaừn vaứ ủớch cuoỏi cuứng cuỷa noự.
Caực tửứ vieỏt taột
AAL : ATM Adaptation Layer ABR : Available Bit Rate ADM : Add/Drop Multiplexer
ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ANSI : American National Standards Institute AS : Autonomous System
ASIC : Aplication-Specific Intergrated Service ATM : Asynchronous Transfer Node
BGP : Border Gateway Protocol BT : Burst Tolerance
CCITT : Comite Consultatif International Teựleựphonique et Telegraphique CDR : Call Detail Record
CDV : Cell Delay Variation
CDVT : Cell Delay Variation Tolerance CE : Customer Edge
CIDR : Classless InterDomain Routing CLP : Cell Loss Priority
CLS : Control Loaded Service COS : Class of Service
CPE : Customer Premises Equipment CR : Constraint-based Routing
CR-LDP : Constraint-based LDP
CR-LSP : Constraint-based Routed Label Switched Path CSMA/CD Carrier-Sense Multiple Access / Collision Detect DE : Discard Eligibility (indicator bit)
DLCI : Data Link Connection Identifier DNS : Domain Name System
DPA : Destination Physical Address DS : Differentiated Service
DSCP : DS CodePoint
DSL : Digital Subscriber Line EBS : Excess Burst Side EF : Expedited Forwarding
EGP : Extended Gateway Protocol
ELAN LEC : Emulated LAN configuration server E-LSP : EXP-inferred-PSC LSP
ETSI : European Telecommunications Standards Institute FCS : Frame Check Sequence (field)
FDDI : Fiber Distributed Data Interface FEC : Forwarding Equivalence Class
FECN : Forward Explicit Congestion Notification (bit) FDM : Frequency Division Multiplexing
FMP : Flow Management Protocol FSC : Fiber-Switch Capable
FTN : FEC-to-NHLFE
GC/PRA : Generic Cell/Packet Rate Algorithm GFC : Generic Flow Control (field)
GII : Global Information Infrastructure
GMPLS : Generalized MultiProtocol Label Switching GPID : Generalized Protocol ID
GPRA : Generic Packet Rate Algorithm GR : Guaranteed Rate
GRCA : Generic Cell Rate Algorithm GS : Guaranteed Service
GSMP : General Switch Management Protocol HDLC : Hing-Level Data Link Control
HEC : Header Error Control (field)
ICMP : Internet Control Message Protocol
IEEE : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
IETF : Internet Engineering Task Force IGMP : Internet Group Message Protocol IGP : Internet Gateway Protocol
IGRP : Inter-Gateway Routing Protocol ILM : Incoming Label Map
IMPOA : MultiProtocol over ATM IPX : Internetwork Packet Exchange
IS-IS : IntermediateSystem-to-Intermediate System ISA : Intelligent Services Architecture
ISP : Internet Service Provider ISUP : ISDN User Part
IT : Informatic Technology
ITU-T : International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Bureau
L2TP : Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol LAC : L2TP Access Concentrator LAN : Local Area Network LANE : Lan Emulation
LB : Local Binding
LCN : Logical Channel Number LCT : Last Conformance Time LDP : Label Distribution Protocol LEC : Local Exchange Carrier
LFIB : Label Forwarding Information Base LIB : Label Information Base
LLC : Logical Link Connection LMP : Link Management Protocol LNS : L2TP Network Server LSA : Link State Advertisement LSC : Lambda Switching Capable L-LSP : Label-Inferred-PSC LSP
LSP : Label Switching Path (Label Switched Path) LSPID : Label Switching Path ID
LSR : Label Swiching Router MAC : Media Access Control
MAE : Metropolitan Access Exchange MF : MultiField
MG : Media Gateway
MGCP : Media Gateway Controller Protocol MGR : MultiGigabit Router
MPC : MPOA Client
MPLS : MultiProtocol Label Switching
MPLSCP : MultiProtocol Label Switching Control Protocol MPOA : MultiProtocol over ATM
MPS : MPOA Server
MSF : Multiservice Switching Forum MUX : Multiplexer
NAP : Network Access Point NAS : Network Access Server
NBMA : NonBroadcast Multiple Access NGN : Next Generation Network
NHLFE : Next Hop Label Forwarding Entry NHRP : Next Hop Resolution Protocol NHS : Next Hop Server
NNI : Network-to-Node Interface NSAP : Network Server Access Point OA : Ordered Aggregate
OSI : Open Systems Interconnection OSP : Optical Switched Path
OSPF : Open Shortest Path First OUI : Organization Unique Identifier OXC : Optical Cross-Connect
PARC : Palo Alto Research Center PBR : Policy-based-Routing
PBS : Peak Burst Size
PDH : Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy PDR : Peak Data Rate
PDU : Protocol Data Unit PDV : Packet Delay Variation PE : Provider Edge
PHB : Per-Hop Behavier PID : Protocol ID
PNNI : Private Network-to-Network Interface POS : Packet On SONET
PPP : Point-to-Point Protocol PPS : Packets Per Second
PPTP : Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol PQ : Priority queuing
PSTN : Public Switch Telephone Network PTI : Payload Type Identifier
PVC : Permanent Virtual Circuit PXC : Packet-switch Capable QoS : Quality of Service RD : Routing Domain RESV : Reservation
RFC : Request For Comments RIP : Routing Information Protocol RSVP : Resource Reservation Protocol RTFM : Read The Fantastic Manual. RTT : Round Trip Time
SAFI : Subsequent Address Family Identifier SAP : Service Access Point
SAR : Segmentation And Reassembly SCP : Service Control Point.
SDH : Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDU : Service Data Unit
SIP : Session Initiation Protocol. SLA : Service Level Agreement
SNA : System Network Architecture SNAP : Subnetwork Access Protocol.
SNMP : Simple Network Management Protocol. SONET : Synchronous Optical Network
SP : Service Provider
SR : Service Representation SS7 : Signaling System Number 7
STDM : Statistical Time Division Multiplexing STS : Synchronous Transport Signal
SVC : Swtched Virtual Calls TAT : Theoretical Arrival Time TCB : Traffic Conditioning Block TCP : Transmission Control Protocol TDM : Time Division Multiplexing TDP : Tag Distribution Protocol TE : Traffic Engineering
TFIB : Tag Forwarding Information Base
TINA : Telecommunication Information Networking Architecture Consortium
TLV : Type-Length-Value TOS : Type of Service TP : Traffic Profile
TSR : Tag Switching Router TTL : Time to live
UNI : User-to-Network Identifier UDP : User Datagram Protocol VC : Virtual Circuit
VCC : Virtual Channel Connection VCI : Virtual Channel ID
VCID : Virtual Circuit ID
VLSM : Variable-length SubMask VoATM : Voice over ATM
VoIP : Voice over IP VP : Vrtual Path
VPC : Virtual Path Connection VPN : Virtual Private Network VPI : Virtual Path ID
VT : Virtual Tributary
WFIB : Wavelength Frowarding Information Base WFQ : Weighted Fair Queuing