II. Kết cấu Present Perfect Continuous
1. Khảo sát chức năng của kết cấu Present Perfect Continuous qua các từ điển/sách
điển/sách ngữ pháp tiếng Anh.
Cambridge Grammar Dictionary Oxford Dictionary Collins Cobuild English Grammar Destination C1&C2 Grammar & Vocabulary Collins Grammar for IELTS 1. Biểu đạt hành động/sự việc bắt đầu trong quá khứ và diễn ra xuyên suốt cho đến thời điểm
hiện tại (thời điểm phát ngôn)
We use the present perfect continuous to talk about ongoing events or activities which started at a time in the past and still continuing up
We can often use either the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous with
since or for when
something started in the past and
If you want to talk about an activity or situation that started at some time in the past, continued, and is still happening now, you use the
present perfect or
To talk about actions and situations
continuing up to the present(or just before the present)
Ex:
We’ve all been
To talk about actions that started in the past and are continuing now
Ex:
My best friend has been learning
Ex:
- I’vebeen writing
the Politics essay. (I’m still writing it now)
- I’vebeen thinking
about buying a new laptop for a while but I haven’t decided which one to get. (Focusing on the action of thinking over a period of time up to now) is repeated up to now. Ex:
- We’velived/’ve been living here
for about a year
now.
- I’velistened/been listening to the new album a lot since I downloaded it. progressive. Ex: - National productivity has been declining. - I have been
dancing since I was a child.
get Tony for his birthday and we just can’t decide.
1.1. Nhấn mạnh về mặt thời gian, quá trình, sự tiếp diễn của một hành động/sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài xuyên suốt đến hiện tại.
X We use
the present perfect continuous to focus on the doing of the action itself.
Ex:
I've been practising this piece for weeks but still haven't
learned it.
If you want to emphasize the duration of a recent event, you use the present perfect progressive.
Ex:
- She has been crying.
- Some people will say that what I have been describing is
We usually use
the present perfect
continuous to emphasize the duration of an action/situation Ex: - I’vebeen working here for five years. (Emphasize the duration) We use present perfect continuous when emphasizing the repetition or duration of an action Ex: - They’ve been thinking about where to go this weekend.
not a crisis of industry.
1.2. Nhấn mạnh sự lặp lại không ngừng của một hành động được bắt đầu trước thời điểm nói cho đến thời điểm nói
X We use
the present perfect continuous for repeated actions when we don't say specifically how many times they have happened. We often use phrases such as all
day and recently in these sentences
Ex:
- I’ve been trying
to contact him all morning. X X We use present perfect continuous when emphasizing the repetition or duration of an action Ex:
- They’vebeen thinking about where to go this weekend.
1.3. Nhấn mạnh yếu tố thời gian phải dành ra cho một việc gì đó (bắt đầu ở quá khứ và vẫn đang thực hiện ở thời điểm hiện tại)
X When we focus
on how long something has taken, we use
the present perfect continuous.
Ex:
on this project for a month now. I need to finish it by the end of the week.