5. TỔNG QUAN VẤN ĐỀ NGHIÊN CỨU TRÊN THẾ GIỚI & VIỆT NAM
5.3. Định hướng nghiên cứu trong tương lai
1. Nghiên cứu trong đề tài này tập trung vào 2 hiệu ứng nhận thức là hiệu ứng
phân tâm và hiệu ứng đảo ngược trình độ trong đọc hiểu ESL. Tuy nhiên, còn nhiều
hiệu ứng nhận thức khác mà đề tài này, do phạm vi nghiên cứu, chưa nghiên cứu đến,
sẽ là định hướng nghiên cứu cho tương lai. Ví dụ như hiệu ứng tổng hòa các phương
thức (modality effect), khi câu hỏi trong bài đọc hiểu có thể không bằng dạng viết, mà
bằng dạng nghe (audio). Thực nghiệm có thể sẽ được tiến hành trong tương lai như
sau: sẽ có 2 nhóm sinh viên, mỗi nhóm phải đọc một bài khóa với dạng câu hỏi khác
nhau, nhóm 1 đọc bài khóa với câu hỏi dạng viết; và nhóm 2 đọc bài khóa với câu hỏi
dạng nghe. 2 nhóm sẽ được tiến hành thực nghiệm để xem giả thuyết là hiệu ứng tổng
hòa các phương thức xảy ra khi nhóm 2 sẽ chiếm ưu thế hơn nhóm 1.
2. Mặc dù hiệu ứng dư thừa (redundancy effect) có thể hiện một phần nào trong
thực nghiệm 4,5, & 6. Tuy nhiên, trong tương lai cần có nghiên cứu sâu hơn về hiệu
ứng dư thừa trong đọc hiểu ESL, với tư cách là 1 hiệu ứng độc lập. Các thực nghiệm trong tương lai sẽ được tiến hành để kiểm nghiệm giả thuyết là người đọc bài khóa
ESL có thể không cần đến các câu hỏi, mà vẫn hiểu nội dung vì các câu hỏi sẽ là “dư
thừa”. Cũng sẽ có 2 nhóm, nhóm 1 với bài khóa và câu hỏi, nhóm 2 chỉ với bài khóa;
101
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