b) Láy mdi dung dich mdt it cho \in lugt vao cac dung dich cdn lai, hifn
tirgng dugc ghi trong bang sau:
K2SO4 K2CO, HCl BaCl2 Ket luan
K,S04 ket tua 1 ke't tua
K2CO3 khi ket tua 1 ket tua + khi
HCl khi 1 khi
BaCl2 ket tua ket tiia 2 ket tiia
Dung dich nao khi cho vao 3 dung dich cdn lai cho 1 trudng hgp két tua la dung dich K2SO4: la dung dich K2SO4:
KjSO, + BaClBaSO, i + 2KC1 (1)
Dung dich nao khi cho vao 3 dung dich cdn lai cd 1 trudng hgp khi thoat ra, 1 trudng hgp két tuạ Dd la dung djch k2C03. ^ . ? ra, 1 trudng hgp két tuạ Dd la dung djch k2C03. ^ . ?
K2CO3 + 2HC1 -> 2KC1 + H2O + CO2 T (2)
1 K2CO3 + BaCl^ ^2 K C 1 + BaCOj i (3) V' •
Dung dich nao khi cho vao 3 dung dich cdn lai cd 2 trudng hgp két tuạ
^6 la dung dich BaCl2 (phuong trinh phan ling 1 va 3).
2. CHCl = CCl - CHCl - CH^Cl; CH^Cl - CCl = CCl - CH^Cl;
CIHC CHCl CIHG ,CHC1
H,C1C. CCl
CIHC ^CHCl
3. Phuong trinh phan irng:
C6ng thiic mudi cacbonat: {CÔ)^ (n: hoa tri cua kim loai).
Phuong trinh phan ung:
hoa tan 1 mol mu6'i cacbonat ( 2 M + 60n) gam c&n 98n gai^
H 2 S O 4 => Khoi luong dung dich axit: ^ ^ " ' ^ ^ = lOOOn (gam). Kh6'i lugng
CO2: 44n; khoi lugng mu6'i sunfat: 2 M + 96n, theo dSu bai n6ng d6 muol
sunfat 14,18%, ta c6:
( 2 M + 96n).100
5^ ^ = 14,18 = > M = 28n. f...
1000n + 2 M + 6 0 n - 4 4 n
Thoa man v6i n = 2 => M = 56, vay k i m loai la Fẹ
Cau 2.
1. Cac thi du:
a) Fe + CuSÔ FeSO, + Cu
b) 6Na + 2FeCl, + 6H2O 6NaCl + 2Fe(OH)3 + SH^ t c) Cu + 2FeCl3 ^ CuCl^ + 2FeCl2
d) Fe + 2FeCl3 ^ S F e C l j
2. Cac thi du:
a) 3NO2 + HjO ^ 2HNO3 + NO
b) Fe,0, + 8HC1 ^ FeCl, + 2FeCl3 + 4 H,0
c) 2CO2 + 3NaOH ^ NâCO, + NaHCO, + H^O
( 2 N 0 , + 2NaOH -> NaNO, + NaNO, + H,0)
Cau 3.
A la (C,H,„0,)_^; B la C , H„ 0 , ; C la C^H^OH; D la CH,COOH; E la
CH^COONa; X la CÔ; F la C,H,ONa ; G la CH^COOC^H,. Cac phuong trinh hoa hgc:
6nC02 + SnH^O ^ (C,H,„0, \ 6nÔ
( Q H , A ) „ + n H, 0^ n C , H„ 0 , CgHijOfi -> 2C2H,OH + 2CO2
C^H^OH + ^ CH3COOH + HjO
CH3COOH + NaOH ^ CH^COONa + H^O Q H , A + A g,0 ^ C,H, A + 2Ag ; C,H,OH + Na C,H,ONa + - H ,
CH,COOH + C^H^OH ^ CHjCOOC^H, + H^O ,
cau 4.
/ . Xac dinh c6ng thirc X , Y :
- K h i lam due nudrc voi trong la CO2. '
- S6' mol SO2 + s6' mol CO2 = s6' mol = ^ = 0,6 (mol).
Theo de bai kh6'i lugng h6n hop khi nang gap 27 iSn khi H2: goi s6' mol
S 0 2 l a x ; C 0 2 l a y :
'x + y = 0,6
• . ^ , . Giai duac X = y = 0,3.
64x + 44y = 54(x + y ) . . j >
Trong Y c6 CI va 1 nguyen tu ciia nguyen t6' khac.
57 4
So mol Y = s6 mol nguyen tijr CI = s6' mol AgCI = — — = 0,4 (mol). 143,5
Khoi lugng Y = 62,2 -0,3.64-0,3.44 = 29,8(gam).
29,8 ^ ^
= > M Y = — ^ = 74,5.
" ^ 0 , 4
=> K L N T ciia nguyen to con lai trong Y: 74,5 - 35,5 = 39 -> nguyen t6' la K. Theo dinh luat thanh phan kh6ng doi, mudi X c6 cdng thiic phan tir:
K^ClyÔ vdi so mol nguyen tir cac nguyfin td: ., - Sd mol K - sd mol CI = 0,4 mol.
- Sd mol O = (sd mol SO2 + sd mol CO2). 2 = 0,6.2 = 1,2. v a y X : y : z = 0,4 : 0,4 : 1,2 ^ x : y : z = 1 : 1 : 3.
Cdng thiic mudi X la KCIO3.
2. Phuong trinh phan ting nd la:
3C + 3S + 4KCIO3 ^ 4KC1 + 3C0, T + 3SO2 T
Cau 5.
Cac phUong trinh hoa hgc:
Mg + CuSO, ^ MgSO, + Cu (1)
2A1 + 3CuSO, AI2 (SO, \ 3Cu (2)
MgSO, + BaClj -> MgCl^ + BaSO, (3)
Al2(SO,)^+3BaCl2->'2AlCl, + 3BaSO, (4)
MgSO, + 2NaOH ^ Mg(OH)^ + NâSO, (5)
Al (OH), + NaOH NaAlÔ + 2H2O (7)
M g ( O H ) ^ — ^ M g O + HjO (8)
2A1(0H), —^Al^O, + SHjO (9) /. Tinh n6ng d6 CUSO4: /. Tinh n6ng d6 CUSO4:
S6' mol CuSỌ = s6' mol BaS04 = = 0,05 (mol). 233 233
N6ng do dung dich CuSÔ = = 0,25M. 2. Tinh kh6'i lugng tijfng kim loai: 2. Tinh kh6'i lugng tijfng kim loai:
Néu chi xay ra phan ling (1):
• ^ 4 7 - 1 9 0
S6' mol Mg tham gia phan ling la: ' ' = 0,0545 > 0,0538. 64-24 Trai dieu kien tren, vay xay ra cac phan ling (1), (2), (3), (4). Trai dieu kien tren, vay xay ra cac phan ling (1), (2), (3), (4).
Goi so mol Mg, Al tham gia phan ling Ian lugt la x, y, theo phuong t r i r
phan ling (1), (2) so mol Cu tao thanh: x + l,5y ta c6:
(x + l,5y)64 -(24x + 27y) = 3,47 -1,29 = 2,18 (*) Theo phuong ling (3), (4): Theo phuong ling (3), (4):
(x + l,5y).233 = 11,65 (**) Ket hop (*) va (**) Ket hop (*) va (**)
'40x + 69y = 2,18 233x + 349,5y-11,65 233x + 349,5y-11,65 Giai dugc: x = y = 0,02.
Khoi lugng Mg = 0,02.24 = 0,48 (gam). Khoi lugng Al = 1,29 - 0,48 = 0,81 (gam). Khoi lugng Al = 1,29 - 0,48 = 0,81 (gam).
3. Tim khoang xac dinh ciia m:
+ Khoi lugng chat rSn Ion nhat khi kh6ng xay ra phan ling (7): m, =0,02.40+ 0,01.102 = 1,82 (gam). m, =0,02.40+ 0,01.102 = 1,82 (gam).
+ Khoi lugng chat rSn nho nhat khi toan bg lugng AKOH), bj hoa ta
boi phan ling (7):
m^ =0,02.40 = 0,80 (gam).
vay khoang xac dinh cua m la: 1,82 > m > 0,80 . Ta CO he phuong trinh: Ta CO he phuong trinh:
De so 2
(Thdi gian lam bai 150 phiit) ^'-^ ^'^''^
Cau 1 (5,0 diem) '
1. Hay thuc hifin cac phep tinh sau (yeu cSu ghi dSy du don vi trong
phep tinh): ; / j. •
a) Tinh s6' mol clo trong 7,10 gam clo; b) Tinh s6' mol O va Oj trong 8 gam oxi; b) Tinh s6' mol O va Oj trong 8 gam oxi; c) Tinh khg'i lugng ciia 0,05 mol kem; d) Tinh khái lugng ciia 0,75 mol nude; d) Tinh s6'nguyen tuf C trong 0,02 gam C; g) Tinh s6' phan tii CO2 trong 1,1 gam khi CO2;
h) Tinh so gam cua 1 nguyen tur Na; i) Tinh s6' gam cua 1 phan tir SO2. i) Tinh s6' gam cua 1 phan tir SO2.
2. M6t h6n hgp X gdm FeO va FczO, c6 khd'i lugng la 30,4 gam. Nung
h5n hgp nay trong m6t bmh kin chiia 22,4 lit CO (dktc). Khd'i lugng h6n hgp khi thu dugc sau khi nung la 36 gam. khi thu dugc sau khi nung la 36 gam.
a) Hay xac dinh thanh phSn h6n hgp khị Biét ring h6n hgp X bi kh\i
toan toan thanh Fẹ
b) Tinh kh6'i lugng Fe thu dugc va khd'i lugng ciia m6i oxit sat trong X.
Cau 2. (5 diém)