+ Chgm "thongphong", chgm "leo kep".
- Cac san phdm da cham "thdng phong" va "leo kep" la nhCmg tac phdm
ky cdng cua nghe nhan va thg lanh nghi.
- Cham leo kep khac vdi cham thdng phong la: cham leo kep thl hien cac ldp hoa van chdng xen vao Idn nhau; edn cham thdng phong thi cd thl cham mdt hay nhilu ldp hoa van ldng nhau va giQa eae chi tiet hoa van da cd nhiing khoang trdng (thdng phong) tQ bl mat ben nay sang bl mat ben kia cua
bQc da san phdm. De cham thdng phong (cdn ggi la cham "long"), nghe nhan
phdi cham cd iQ hai phfa bl mat eua bQc cham. Vdi cham "kep", nghe nhan chi cham iQ mdt phfa (bl mat sdn phdm "hudng ra ngoai") ket hgp vdi cac ddng tac due moi, nao vet d l tao cac hoa van nhu lung, cue, true, mai, cac vat tQ linh: long, ly, quy, phugng hay ngua, rua, ea, tdm, eua... cd dudng net lap thl hay "ban lap thl", iQc la cac hinh ndi, sinh ddng trong tae phdm.
- Dd'i vdd cac san phdm da cham thdng phong- cung lira nhu cac sdn phdm bang gd cham thdng phong-ca 2 bl mat (hoac cd iQ phia, xung quanh) diu thl hien nhiing hinh khdi ndi cua cac sir vat, thanh nhCmg san phdm dieu khdc.
- Quy trinh cham thdng phong hay cham leo kep da nhu sau:
MV NGHl Dn NINH VnN
Tren bl mat phom san phdm, nghe nhan ve kha chi tiet cac hinh hoa trudc khi bdt tay vao cham khdc.
Cac chi tiet, dudng net, hinh khdi ndi hoae chim, "nhd" hoac "lan" dugc the hidn tren bQc ve theo quy ude nhat dinh. Thdng thudng, viec cham khdc nhQng hinh khdi ndi dugc tien hanh trude va qua trinh cham trd nhQng hinh khdi chim hon dugc lien hanh sau- theo trinh tu "chim - sau ddn dan". Trinh lu cham trd "chim sau dan dan" phu thudc nhilu vao tay nghi, "de che tac" hay trinh dd didu khdc cua nghe nhan. Bod vi, eae dudng net, hinh khdi, eae chi tiet cham khdc "thdng phong" hay "leo kep" rat sinh ddng, theo do ndng sau, ehim ndi, khuat Id rat bien hoa, khac nhau den "khdn ludng".
Cd nhiing "mdng cham", nghe nhan phai ludn hinh dung san trong dau tdl cd mgi chi tiet ndng sau, ldi 1dm, theo "hinh hgc khdng gian nghe thuat". Diiu nay khdng hi don gian, vi neu nghe nhan khdng ddy kinh nghiem, tudng tugng yeu va so xuat nQa thi se hdng, va hdng tat ea, vi se due cham sai lech, tao ra dien mao san phdm ngd nghd, vd hdn, vd dung.
Day chfnh la tnnh dd tay nghi, dc thdm my eiia nghe nhan cham khde da, gdp phdn Idn nhat d l lao nen nhCmg gia tri van hoa phi vat thi-thdng qua qua trinh chd tae nen nhCmg san phdm van hoa vat thl (bdng da). Cdng vice cham "thdng phong", cham "long", cham "leo kep" da cdng phu hon dd'i vdi cham khdc gd nhilu, vi da rdn lai gidn hon nhilu. Mat khac, neu dl xdy ra so xuat (me, sQl, gay cac chi tiet trong bQc cham) thi rat khd ma khdc phuc dugc.
Vl vay, nhCmg nghe nhan cham khdc "leo", cham khdc "thdng phong" da phai la cac nghd nhan tinh xao, lao luyen, ma sd nghe nhan nay d nude ta hien nay rat hiem. Cac nghe nhan nay hgc hdi nhilu, ren giua tay nghi rat nhilu khi tap su cham khdc da "thdng phong", ma khdng phai ai ai cung tap su va hanh nghi dugc.