nhat mau hon nhQng canh hoa ben trong. Theu bdng hoa hdng da nd to thi theu doan cudng canh hoa gan phan nhuy hoa (vang) vdi sdc do nhat hon phia nhQng canh hoa.
Ndi chung, nhQng mang canh hoa "dugc anh sang chieu nhilu" (theo diin ta) thi phai theu d sdc do nhat cho sang hon, va ngugc lai.
- De diin ta nhQng loai hoa canh mdng va trong thi cang phai chii y dung chi theu to, manh, mugt va phai theu sao cho that dng mugt, tinh xao. Cac sgi chi thdu du rat manh mai vdn phai that sit sao nhau ma khdng hi chdng cheo ien nhau mdi dat.
Mdi loai hoa ed dang ve rieng, nen can het sQc cdn trgng diiu chinh chi theu to, nhd, mau chi theu cho phu hgp.
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9- Cach theu mot sd con vat thudng gap.
- Theu budm:
Theu "dam xd" phan canh budm theo hudng tQ than budm ra phia ngoai canh budm, sdc do tQ nhat den dam. Tiep den, theu tia cac thd xuong canh budm, rdi theu vdn diim canh budm, xong, theu diem cac "guong" (khac mau) tren canh budm.
Tren nin xanh lam thudng theu budm mau vang, lam nhat hay tim nhat. Tren nin xanh hoa binh thi thudng theu budm mau lam dam, lam. Mau cae guong tren canh budm thudng cd do tuong phdn rd ret so vdi mau nin canh budm... Ngoai ra, cdn tuy thudc mau sdc ciia canh vat trong tranh ma dinh mau sdc cho hoa tiet san phdm.
- Theu chim cdu:
Theo nguyen tdc dugc ap dung tQ lau, theu chim cau phai theu tQ phia dudi len phia dau (cho thuan chilu mui theu dam xd).
Dd'i vdi nhiing hinh chim cau be: thudng theu bat; hinh chim eau Idn: theu dam xd. Toan bd mdt con chim cau trong tranh theu, du theu bat hay theu dam xd diu phai nhat quan, nghia la chi the hien qua mdt ldi theu.
Theu canh chim: theu chi cd mau sdc vQa phai, diu, cd theu tia chan, khoang each mdi chiec ldng dng khi chim bay. Phia dudi au canh chim theu chi sdc non hon.
Lung chim cau: sdc dam hon phia bung. Bung chim sdc nhat hon va nhat dan den phia dui.
Ddu chim eau: Dd'i vdi chim cau cd bd ldng cung mau, theu phan dinh dau sdc nhat han phia ben dudi. Khoang ehd giap md va ma chim theu dam
sdc hon.
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Mdt chim cau: theu ludt, trdn xung quanh mau xanh, con nguoi den d gnra, rdi diem mdt mui theu sa hat mau trdng vao chinh giQa.
Md chim cau: tuy mau nin de dinh, cd the mau dd, hdng, vang dat.
- Theu chim cong:
Chim cdng vd'n cd rat nhilu mau sdc, da dang. Chi rieng mdt chiec long cdng cung cd nhilu mau khac hdn nhau. Rat khd theu that ti mi, y nguyen duge. Vi vay can theu theo each pha trdn chi mau:
v e chap hai manh sgi chi mau xanh la cay va mau lam non, theu dam xd phdn cd va than de the hien cac vdy ehim, vdy ndi. Sdc do lung chim cdng dam hon phia bung.
Theu dudi cdng: theu cae guong tren ldng dudi cdng tnidc tien, rdi vdn, tia, tdi thieu la ba ldp ehi mau (lam, nau, den). Cac guong tren nhQng ldng dudi phia tren thi theu mau sang hon. Dd'i vdi hang theu ky thi mdi guong tren ldng dudi cdng cd theu van ludt mdt dudng viln rat manh.
Theu sdng ldng dudi cdng: ve hai manh sgi ehi xanh, nau lai, theu cung theo ldi ndi dau, theu tQ phan sd'ng long ra hai phia.
Theu chan cdng: theo ldi theu ndi dau. Phan dng chan cd the theu theo each chdng dudng dgc, chan dudng ngang timg mui nhd, the hien cho dugc nhQng vdy tren chan chim cdng.
Theu bd long cdng: de the hien nhilu mau sdc da dang, phai ap dung ky each theu ldp trong trudc, ldp ngoai sau. Tren khdp bl mat than chim cdng cd nhihig dudng net tao nen gid'ng nhu "vdy" ma ngudi thg theu phai thl hien, ggi la "khoan vdy".
Co hai each theu "khoan vdy" la theu khoan vdy chim va theu khoan
vdy ndi.
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Theu khoan vdy chim: theu dam xd theo dudng net (hinh mdu) de "khoan" (tQc la khoanh dinh cho phu hgp) timg ldp ldng chim cdng. Chi theu de "theu khoan" bd ldng cdng cd mau sdc sang, nhat hon so vdi mau nin da theu.
Theu khoan vdy ndi: chang sgi chi theu de chung sao cho du tao nen dugc dau vdng dau chiec vdy, rdi theu dot chan len sgi chi nay, dot tu phia giQa ra hai ben.
10- Rua va ren.
Ngoai nhQng ldi theu truyin thdng phd bie'n nhu tren, d Van Lam cung da va dang thinh hanh cac ky thuat rua va ren, lam nen nhCmg san phdm rat duge ua chudng. Rua va ren cd nhiing dac diem vl thao tac khac vdi theu truyin thdng.
a- Rua: Dl che tae san phdm rua thl ngudi thg rua can cQ hinh hoa
tiet da in sdn tren vai, dung dao trd, chich nhiing khoang trdng can thiet di, rdi dung kim ehi theu ludn theo tiing sgi vdi (da de'm ky) de theu van, thdt, cd ke't hgp cac ldi theu khac dl che tac san phdm rua.
Mdi sdn phdm "pha hoa rua" cd the ket hgp nhilu ldi theu, dan. (Cd phdn anh kem theo).
b- Ren: Ren la "dan cai cac sgi vai" tao thanh cae hoa tiet (ma khdng
dung nin vai, tam vai). Mdi sgi chi de ren tua nhu mdt chiec nan dai bdng tre, may... Mdt san phdm ren bao gdm nhilu manh ren nhd ldp ghep lai tao thanh.
Rua va ren ehinh la nhiing each "theu ngang".
Day la hai dang che tae sdn phdm chii yeu chi dung san phdm vai va sai mau trdng (hoac mdt mau).
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VI- NHUNG P H A N VIEC KHAC.
Khi hoan thanh cac san phdm theu (sau khi da kiem tra, chinh sua ky), can phai tien hanh nhiing viec sau het nhu: giat tdy, hap, phoi, la, ddng gdi bao quan..
- Giat tdy: Xua kia, ngudi Van Lam giat tdy san phdm theu ren bdng nhiing nguyen lieu truyin thdng nhu: nudc qua bd hdn, nudc chanh... Ngay nay cd xa phdng rat tien lgi, tuy vay dd'i vdd mdt sd loai san phdm theu ren do yeu cau dam bao chat lieu thi vdn dung nguyen lieu truyin thdng.
- Hap sdn phdm: Dung cac ndi, xoong to, dun nudc (dun bdng cui) de ha'p san phdm theu vQa dl tiet trung, vQa giQ cho mau sdc dugc lau bin.
- Lam phdng tam theu: Xua kia, sau khi giat, hap xong, ngudi ta cang cac tam theu ra phoi khd rdi vud't, eudn cho phdng. Ngay nay phd bien dung ban la (d do nhiet thich hgp) dl la phdng san phdm.
- Ddng gdi sdn phdm: Xua kia dung gia'y, vai. Nay ddng gdi hau het bdng nilon duge in sdn nhan hieu, ten san phdm, kich cd, tieu chudn hang theu...
San phdm theu ren truyin thdng d Van Lam da, dang va sau nay se mai dap Qng nhu cau eua khach trong nudc va qud'c te.
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NHUNG NGUdl CUNG CAP TU LIEU CHINH: