yu and noll 1997

... docked-UDP ligand and the actual UDP ligand Superimposition of one docked-ADP ligand and the actual ADP ligand Superimposition of the catalytic regions of the open SPS-F6P complex (cyan) and the closed ... Material and Methods 3.2.1 Cloning, expression and purification 3.2.2 Crystallization 3.2.3 Data collection, structure solution and refinement 3.2.4 Structure solution and refinement Results and Discussion ... structure solution and refinement 2.2.7 Structure solution and refinement 2.2.8 F6P-SPS and S6P-SPS complexes 2.2.9 Bioinformatics analyses 2.2.10 Protein Data Bank accession code Results and Discussion...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:08

... radicals and the decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms lead to damage of cellular organelles and enzymes, increased lipid peroxidation, and development of insulin resistance (7) The vascular and ... Popliteal and pedal pulses were absent bilaterally with poor capillary refill The left foot was red and inflamed up to and including the medial malleolus The lateral aspect of the great toe and second ... abnormalities and diseases such as type diabetes mellitus, obesity and the metabolic syndrome (30) In these conditions there is an elevation of both glucose and free fatty acid levels in the blood and...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:39

... monochromator, and Glan-Thompson polarizers using quartz cuvettes with continuous stirring of the suspension, bandwidths of nm for excitation and nm for emission, and excitation and emission wavelengths ... potential and volume homeostasis of mitochondria Cell 91, 627–637 27 Haugland RP (1996) Handbook of Fluorescent Probes and Research Chemicals, 6th edn Molecular Probes, Inc, Eugene, OR 28 Chandra ... between cytosolic Ca2+, VtA3, and (A) H2O2 production and (B) cell viability F solani spores were preincubated with different concentrations of Bapta-AM for 40 as indicated and then incubated with...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... pre-treatment of mice with LA (12.5 and 25 mg/kg, i.p) significantly reduced the volume (μL) of the edema in the 2nd (31 and 41%), rd (30 and 50%) and 4th (23 and 27%) hours after administration ... of the inflammatory process, and by prostaglandin and bradykinin in later stages On the other hand, paw edema induced by dextran although also mediated by histamine and serotonin does not involve ... injection and after 1, 2, 3, and 24 h The paw edema volume was determined by the difference between the final and initial volumes Dextran-induced mice paw edema The treatment of animals and measurements...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... metabolites TFV-DP and FTC-TP [30]; and (2) DEC or DEC-like complex formation by TFV-terminated DNA and HIV-1 RT in the presence of the FTC-TP or EFV, and by FTC-MP-terminated DNA and HIV-1 RT in ... FTC-TP, and EFV-facilitated DEC formation and the data fittings are illustrated in Fig Data were fitted by nonlinear regression to simple ligand binding equation: y = (Bmax × [ligand])/(Kd + [ligand]) ... complexes with HIV-1 RT and TFV- or FTC-MP-terminated DNA Results Two- and three-drug combinations of TFV, FTC, and EFV showed synergistic anti-HIV activity in cell culture TFV, FTC, and EFV were tested...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:21

... NS3-NS4A, NS4B-NS5 and also internal sites within C, NS2A, NS3 and NS4A (Falgout et al 1991; Lobigs 1993; Nestorowicz et al 1994; Stocks and Lobigs 1998; Teo and Wright 1997; Yusof et al 2000; ... also extended to Dr Mary NG and Dr Yuru DENG, for their critical views on my work and concern on my progress during my studies I am also very grateful to Dr Jolanda Smit and Dr Jan Wilschut, my previous ... Qin-ming, Xueping and Edna) I am very grateful for their willingness to share with me their reagents and protocols Thank you once again Paul, Husna and Rebecca, for your time and effort spent...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:51

... FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) SU5416 Sugen FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) KIT, FMS and PDGFR SU11248 Sugen FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) KIT, FMS and PDGFR MLN518 Millenium FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) KIT ... and mutant) KIT PDGFR PKC412 Novartis L-000021649 Merck and FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) PKC, VEGFR and PDGFR FLT3 (wild-type and mutant) and VEGFR Responses of patients: 5% blasts in bone marrow ... genes such as RAS, FLT3, and c-KIT as well as loss of function mutations have been frequently implicated in AML progression, survival and drug resistance (Gilliland and Tallman, 2002) Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:18

... gratitude to Dr Permeen Yusoff, Dr Sumana Chandramouli and Dr Lao Dieu Hung for their help, guidance, advice, discussions and friendship Special thanks also to Yu Chye Yun for her tireless assistance ... guidance and understanding throughout my PhD candidature My thanks also extend to my PhD supervisory committee members, A/Prof Cao Xinmin and A/Prof Low Boon Chuan, for their suggestions and advice ... the GG lab, past and present, for having created a friendly and interesting environment to work in, especially Dr Ben McCaw, for his training and patience early in my candidature and Judy Saw for...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:06

... K+-ATPase and Naf, K f -ATPase H Voltage-gated Na+ channel Ligand- and voltage-gated K+ channels + Voltage- and ligand-gated Ca2+channels and ~ a /Ca2+ antiporter CFTR, voltage-gated C channels and ... Structure andfunction of ionotropic receptors 88 - - Ion pumps, ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels 4.1 Introduction 123 4.2 Ion pumps 123 4.3 Voltage-gatedNui channels 4.4 Ligand-regulated and ... tea, cotton and preservative spices), African subjugation (slavery, cocoa, rubber and timber) and temperate colonization (grain, cotton, timber and herbivore production) Notwithstanding the European...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 05:20

... 0.1 U ACS and 50–100 lL diluted medium All components were added with the exception of MDH and citrate synthase and the resulting absorbance at 340 nm was measured (A1) MDH was added and the absorbance ... conditions Carbon and energy sources were: 50 mM glucose; 50 mM glucose and 100 mM sodium propionate; 50 mM glucose, 100 mM sodium acetate, and 100 mM sodium propionate; 100 mM sodium acetate and 100 mM ... ground to a fine powder in a mortar and suspended in 10 mL 2% HClO4 and mL 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid The suspension was sonicated three times for each at 70% full power and 60% pulses (Branson 250 sonifier;...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... MPO, LPO and their intermediates The absorption spectrum of MPO is characterized by an intense Soret peak at kmax ¼ 430 nm and weaker bands at 570, 620 and 690 nm, whereas at 370 nm and 496 nm, ... rapidly inactivates LPO and generates Cpd III (with bands at 424, 550 and 588 nm) (Table 2) In contrast to MPO, LPO Cpd III spectral pattern is clearly distinct from that of Cpd II and can be easily ... (430, 572 and 625 nm bands) correspond to the real Cpd II? In such a case, the optical features of Cpd I isomer have to be defined The second hypothesis assigns the 455 and 625 nm bands to this...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... TFPI (k XaÀVIIaÀTF ;TFPI and a k TFPIÀXaÀVIIaÀTF ), association of Xa–TFPI and VIIa–TF, d which results in the intermediate inhibitory complex formation (k XaÀTFPI;VIIaÀTF and k TFPIÀXaÀVIIaÀTF ... concentration was nM Factor X and TFPI were present at their mean plasma concentrations, 170 nM and 2.4 nM, respectively Experiments in the absence of inhibitor revealed rapid and nearly complete activation ... a and k XaÀVIIaÀTF Therefore the values d XaÀVIIaÀTF ;TFPI TFPIÀXaÀVIIaÀTF and k d , which are required to of k a describe the experiment, are also dependent on k VIIaÀTF ;Xa a XaÀVIIaÀTF and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... pH 5.5, and sonicated for prior to imaging; and (C) stored in Tris ⁄ HCl buffer, pH 7.4 All three samples were analyzed in parallel by thioflavine T-fluorescence microscopy (left panels) and by ... of experimental procedures used for extraction and purification of PrPSc involved sonication, treatment with detergents and, sometimes, freezing and thawing [49–51] All of these steps cause severe ... 230 and 162–230 were found to maintain high seeding activity in vitro despite cleavage of the N-terminal and central regions [53,55] Consistent with these studies, the rPrP regions 159–174 and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... and resistant flies and a mixture (50:50) of susceptible and resistant flies (a) Doses and responses on linear scales (b) Doses on log scale and responses on probit scale LD50), will be large and ... disinfectants and general biocides, preservatives, pest control and other biocides and these are further broken down into 23 separate categories Pesticides have one or more standard name(s) and one ... physiology, and neurophysiology Breidbach, O and Kutsch, W 1995 The Nervous Systems of Invertebrates: An Evolutionary and Comparative Approach Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland 448 pp Levitan, I.K and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:11

... thrombosis, and sedation, more potent and safer analogues were developed by Celgene Lenalidomide is one such analogue which has been extensively tested and proven to be more potent than thalidomide and ... stimulates T cell proliferation and increases IFN-γ and IL-2 production Lenalidomide is 100–1000 times more potent in stimulating T cell proliferation and IFN-γ and IL-2 production than thalidomide ... resorption and secrete survival factors for MM cells The interaction between MM cells and BMSC in turn leads to increased production of IL-6 and other growth factors for MM cells and osteoclasts[38]...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... and resistant flies and a mixture (50:50) of susceptible and resistant flies (a) Doses and responses on linear scales (b) Doses on log scale and responses on probit scale LD50), will be large and ... Finney (1971) and Hewlett and Plackett (1979) Data programs may be used, e.g., Sigmaplot® or Graphpad Prism® A simple program in BASIC is available (Trevors, 1986), whereas Caux and More (1997) describe ... here is the relative response of two substances A and B, given together in doses a and b, while pa and pb are the expected relative responses when a and b are given separately In cases where there...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... Tetrapyrrol and protoporphyrin accumulate, act as photosensitizers, and cause photooxidation and necrosis They are contact herbicides and are more active in strong sunlight 3.3 General SH reagents and ... (dinitroorthocreosol [DNOC], dinoterb, and dinoseb) and other phenols such as pentachlorophenol and ioxynil DNOC is a biocide useful against mites, insects, weeds, and fungi The mammalian toxicity ... of them and give a very brief outline of the photosynthetic process Textbooks of cell biology, biochemistry, and plant physiology (e.g., Alberts et al., 2002; Nelson and Cox, 2000; Taitz and Zaiger,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21

... habitats such as soil, mushroom compost, and stored products Bt may be present in samples from beach deserts and tundra, and may multiply in cadavers of insects and other animals Insecticidal activity ... feeding of Lepidoptera larvae and paralysis of the gut that retards the passage of food and allows the spores to germinate The larvae suffer a general paralysis and die Bt israelensis-treated ... etc.) and the individual proteins are called Cry1A1, Cry3B3, etc Other older classification and designation systems, not based on amino acid sequence, are still in use The δ-endotoxins and the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:21