x ray analysis of metallic materials

... of the structure of AII in solution with the X- ray structure of AII complexed to the Fab131 mAb In Fig 7A, a sequence alignment is represented of the backbone of the conformational ensemble of ... side chains of Val3 and Pro7) (a) with the the X- ray structure of AII in the Fab131–AII complex [30] (b) exclude solvent by filling the cavity The most buried residues of AII are of the central ... between the X- ray structure of AII and the ensemble of 13 AII calculated structures Superposition is based on sequence and structure alignment Residue number range in the X- ray structure of AII Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... an rmsd of approxi˚ mately 1.6 A from that of MtPpiA, when the Ca atoms are ˚ compared using a cut-off of 3.5 A (with  88% of the Cas matching) This is significantly larger than the rmsd of ˚ 0.05 ... the presence of a hexa-peptide of sequence HAGPIA derived from the HIV capsid protein sequence [14] The expected site for binding the hexa-peptide is indicated using a superposition of the human ... Although the X- ray data were anisotropic, the use of noncrystallographic symmetry restraints resulted in strong density in virtually all areas of the structure (Fig 3B) Some effects of the anisotropy...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS Valery V Vasiliev Professor of Aerospace Composite Structures Director of School of Mechanics and ... and, first of all, to mechanics of composite materials which is discussed in this book in conjunction with analysis of composite materials As we hope, thus constructed combination of materials ... typical cured epoxy matrix 18 Mechanics and analysis of composite materials matrix cannot be reset, dissolved or melted Heating of a thermoset material results first in degradation of its strength...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... values of 17% and 22% (Table 1) Electron density was observed for all except residues 1–2 and 308–309 of the complete sequence in both molecules of the asymmetric unit The structure is composed of ... cut-off of 0.5 A, it is seen that there is a very small (1.5°) difference in their relative orientations A nearly perfect twofold axis (179°) relates the two molecules, ˚ with 750 A2 on domain of ... glycoside oxygen of GGal Three other residues are exclusively linked to binding of the glyceryl moiety (marked with red ovals in Fig 2B): B Fig Interactions in the binding site (A) Stereoview of bound...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... learning of materials science, as a whole, may be less confusing A series of six additional examples of such improvement of the understanding is given on pg VII The study of “Thermal Analysis of Polymeric ... structures of large aggregates of atoms (macromolecules) could next be analyzed in detail after X- ray diffraction was fully understood Major steps in the development of X- ray analysis of macromolecules ... theoretical basis of the experimental results of “Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials. ” The book contains, as shown above, a critically selected, limited series of topics The field of flexible macromolecules...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 15:20

... MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS Valery V Vasiliev Professor of Aerospace Composite Structures Director of School of Mechanics and ... and, first of all, to mechanics of composite materials which is discussed in this book in conjunction with analysis of composite materials As we hope, thus constructed combination of materials ... typical cured epoxy matrix 18 Mechanics and analysis of composite materials matrix cannot be reset, dissolved or melted Heating of a thermoset material results first in degradation of its strength...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 17:20

... MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS MECHANICS AND ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS Valery V Vasiliev Professor of Aerospace Composite Structures Director of School of Mechanics and ... and, first of all, to mechanics of composite materials which is discussed in this book in conjunction with analysis of composite materials As we hope, thus constructed combination of materials ... typical cured epoxy matrix 18 Mechanics and analysis of composite materials matrix cannot be reset, dissolved or melted Heating of a thermoset material results first in degradation of its strength...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 18:20

... learning of materials science, as a whole, may be less confusing A series of six additional examples of such improvement of the understanding is given on pg VII The study of “Thermal Analysis of Polymeric ... structures of large aggregates of atoms (macromolecules) could next be analyzed in detail after X- ray diffraction was fully understood Major steps in the development of X- ray analysis of macromolecules ... theoretical basis of the experimental results of “Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials. ” The book contains, as shown above, a critically selected, limited series of topics The field of flexible macromolecules...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:23

... Because of the somewhat lengthy nature of the detailed derivation of the Rayleigh ratio, it is given as Appendix Figure 1.56 links the experimental Rayleigh ratio to the wavelength, , of the ... center part of the scheme of Fig 2.1 A first explanation of the phenomenon of heat that seems to better match the present knowledge can be found in the interesting writings of Bacon excerpted in ... Techniques of Thermal Analysis Thermal analysis is the analytical technique that establishes the experimental data for the variables of state Details about the definition of thermal analysis are...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:23

... poly(oxymethyleneoxytetramethylene) poly(oxytetramethylene) poly(oxytrimethylene) poly(oxymethyleneoxyethylene) poly(oxyethylene) [O [O (CH2 )8 ]x [O CH2 O (CH2 )4 ]x [O (CH2 )4 ]x [O (CH2 )3 ]x [O ... aliphatic series of polyoxides is an example to be analyzed next An approximate spectrum of the group vibrations of poly(oxymethylene), POM (CH2 O )x, the simplest polyoxide, is listed in Fig 2.54 ... the lower part of Fig 2.80 illustrates this statement Equation (1) in Fig 2.81 expresses the time dependence of the total rate of change of entropy of the system in terms of the flux and production...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... recognition of mesophases and mesophase glasses as states of intermediate order and their study by thermal analysis has become of great importance for the understanding of the multitude of materials ... resonance experiments Figure 2.111 is a recording of the spin-lattice relaxation time T1 It is a measure of the rotation of the molecule Three models Fig 2.110 Fig 2.111 174 Basics of Thermal Analysis ... reviewed on hand of any of the standard texts of physical chemistry, such as Atkins PW (1998) Physical Chemistry, 6th ed, Oxford University Press, Oxford Sect 2.2 Advanced texts and reference...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... listed in Fig 3.12, made, for example of poly(oxyethylene) of molar mass 3,000 with x  68, reacted with an excess of 2,4-toluenediisocyanate This prepolymer is then extended with some ethylene diamine ... recording of the crystallization of a sample of known thickness There is a short induction time where no crystals grow and no viable nuclei seem to exist Next, the number of nuclei increases to a fixed ... number of conversions of molecular radical ends M1• to M2• and vice versa, and there are equal rates of change of M1• to M2• and vice versa, i.e., the second and third rate expressions of Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... also of interest to compare the expansivity, the derivative of the extensive quantity volume, to specific heat capacity, the derivative of the extensive quantity enthalpy A detailed discussion of ... the temperature of measurement The excess measuring fluid is brushed off and the exact weight of the pycnometer, sample and measuring fluid is determined From the known density of the measuring ... volume expansivities is shown at the bottom of the figure for the case that L is the same in all directions of space The volume of the cube as a function of temperature can then be expressed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... many units of the material analyzed become mobile at Tg The DSC of the glass transition is thus a major source for characterization of materials Quantitative Analysis of the Heat of Fusion The ... carbonate and zinc oxide are shown The experiment was done by simultaneous DTA and thermogravimetry on 0.1 cm3 samples in an oxygen atmosphere Curve A is the heating trace of the mixture of barium carbonate ... are often represented by Fourier series Their basic mathematics is reviewed in Appendix 13 Each of the various harmonics of a Fourier series of non-sinusoidal Fig 4.87 Fig 4.88 362 Thermal Analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... independent of the rate of strain Hooke’s law expresses this relationship with a constant modulus as sketched at the top of Fig 4.157 for the example of tensile stress and strain The theory of hydrodynamics ... little maximum at the beginning of the decomposition trace in a vacuum It is caused by the recoil of the leaving oxygen The stability of Pr7O12 is increased in oxygen, nitrogen, or air The oxygen ... require chemical analysis of the gases evolved from the sample and an attempt at the elucidation of the kinetics Figures 4.190 and 4.191 show the analysis of the hexahydrate of praseodymium nitrate...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... macroscopic X- ray analysis hexagonal, average symmetry At higher temperature, chains start to leave the surface of the crystal, indicating the first stages of fusion 530 Structure and Properties of Materials ... 2.3 and Appendix 1), a rather complete profile can be developed for the thermal properties of a given chemical structure Some examples of the discussion of melting transitions of flexible macromolecules ... presents, next, the entropy of melting of 20 alkali halides All of these crystals have the Fm3m space group of the NaCl structure which is depicted in Fig 5.2 The average entropy of fusion of these...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... example of DSC curves of crystals which superheat on melting is shown in Fig 6.92 for extended-chain crystals of poly(oxymethylene) Curve F displays data for an extended-chain polyethylene of ... than the critical length of Fig 3.75 The data of the extended-chain crystals of poly(oxyethylene) of molar mass 5,000 Da of Figs 3.97 and 3.98 suggest a similar absence of reversible melting in ... equilibrium temperatures because of the need of crystal and molecular nucleation described in Sect 3.5 Other examples of the possibility of equilibrium melting of extended-chain equilibrium crystals...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... of the melting peak of a standard DSC trace, as given in Fig 3.92 A qualitative correspondence exists between the dilatometry of 1960 and the analysis of the instantaneous, complete melting of ... the setting of the structure until the analysis is carried out The first type of history is often linked to checking of manufacturing conditions, while the second may allow an analysis of storage ... 400 K can reach thicknesses of over 100 nm Full extension of the polyethylene crystals, however, needs the intervention of the hexagonal condis phase (see Fig 5.156) Of the polyamides, nylon is...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... heat of fusion of the macromolecule in Eq (15) of Fig 7.6 can be replaced by Hf /x, the heat of fusion of the macromolecule per reference volume of the low-molar-mass component 1, which is often ... for the ideal gas in Fig 2.24 (v1 = x1 and v2 = x2 ) A simple calculation clarifies the effect of molecular size Assuming two types of molecules mixed to a fixed volume V with fractions v1 = v2 ... equation Fig 7.4 The free enthalpy of mixing, Gmix, will first be treated by considering a new ideal entropy of mixing that depends on molecular size Then, it will be expanded to a real solution by...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20

... Transitions of Copolymers While for solutions of homopolymers the mixing of the chain segments may be incomplete when compared to the intermolecular mixing, the distribution of the chain segments of the ... sharpness of the glass-transition region is an important, often neglected tool for the characterization of polymeric materials and will be further explored in the discussion of the next two sections ... that thermal analysis of the glass transition region gives important information for the description of materials Every one of the seven characteristics of the glass transition of Fig 2.117 contains...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:20