word vectors and two kinds of similarity

... Linguistics Word Vectors and Two Kinds of Similarity Akira Utsumi and Daisuke Suzuki Department of Systems Engineering The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofushi, Tokyo ... divide word similarity into two categories: taxonomic similarity and associative similarity. Taxonomic similarity, or categorical similarity, is a kind of semantic similarity between words in ... rep- resent the similarity of infrequent words as appro- priately as that of familiar words. 2 The result that the cooccurrence-based word 863 the number of dimensions of word vectors and their performance. We...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... airlines (exists y flights (and (airline -of y x) (fly flight -of y orig -of Boston dest -of Denver)))) 88 The class AIRCRAFT in ATIS is really the set of aircraft-types, and the same aircraft-type ... instead: (12) (wh x airlines (exists y flights (and (airline -of y x) (fly flight -of y orig -of Boston dest -of Denver) (leave flight -of y time -of (3 pm))))) in which the airline is related ... served in most of the writing on metonymy, which is either not formal and computational in nature (Lakoff and Johnson,1980), or is oriented towards different types of systems and computational...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... if two words A and B are linked in the network, then " when A is present in a text, B is also a little bit evoked, and vice versa " That is to say that when two descriptors of a ... network Texts such as newspaper articles often refer to a same notion with a large set of different words linked by semantic or pragmatic relations. Thus, there is often no reiteration of ... disambiguate the lexical category of the words and to provide their lemmatized form. The selection of the meaningful words, which do not include proper nouns and abbreviations, ends the pre-processing....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:21

... the target word P(W) is the probability of seeing the word P(f) is the probability of seeing the feature P(W,f) is the probability of seeing the word and the feature together. 3.3 Word Alignment The ... indication of the amount of information car- ried by that particular combination of a noun and its feature. We believe that this type of weighting is benefi- cial for calculating similarity between word ... context and one using translational context based on word alignment and the combination of both. For both approaches, we used a cutoff n for each row in our word- by-context matrix. A word is...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... alternative ways of construing reality, and interpersonal metaphor, which offer alternative possibilities of expressing modal meanings (metaphors of modality), or exchanging commands (metaphors of mood). ... Realization of Social Context ( Source: Halliday& Martin 1993:25) 3 Levels of Context The interpretation of social context includes two levels of communication: genre (context of culture) and ... establishment and maintenance of the interpersonal relationship between the speaker and the listener and affect the fulfillment of the goal of the verbal interaction. 6 Verbalization and grammatical...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:44

... understand cultural meaning of speech, words to communicate well. 5. Lexical and semantic field of words Many linguists have given out their own definition about lexical and semantic field of words, ... field of words or lexical and semantic field of words is the whole words can be classified into sets according to their meaning. The following set of words is a lexical field, because all the words ... methods as follow: _ Definiting word and meaning . _ Introducing lexical and semantic field of word. _ Analyzing the culture and linguist of the word “meal” in English and in Vietnamese equivalents. _...

Ngày tải lên: 15/04/2013, 15:11

... be appropriate and more effective. HOW WORD CHOICE AND POINT OF VIEW HELP YOU REMEMBER By being more aware of the words and point of view writers choose to convey their ideas, you’ll be able to understand ... to understand much more of what you read. And when you understand more, you can remember more. As you build your observation skills and your understanding of the way words work on different levels, ... herself and to the reader. The first person point of view creates intimacy between the reader and writer, the second person point of view addresses the reader directly, and the third person point of...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:16

... interpretation of the avail- able information and their unique sense of risk and return. Risk in the Decision-Making Process Analyzing risk requires an understanding of the types of uncertainty ... process of dissecting the inputs to a decision. It clarifies the degree of understanding of issues involved and helps to ensure that choice selection is reasoned and balanced. It is the basis of risk management. We ... Analysis and Risk Management: Two Sides of the Same Coin Copyright â2005 Global Knowledge Network, Inc. All rights reserved. Page 2 W hen we speak of identifying a problem we mean recognition and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 17:15

... range and the frequency of strategies use between learners of different levels, favoring professional linguists and learners with higher level of proficiency. Research in Asia, such as in Thailand ... powerful impact of learning strategies on the learning and teaching of foreign and second language. Good choice and use of learning strategies would help learners become more independent and autonomous ... understanding of individual learner differences in general and of gender differences in learning in particular is of great importance. Proper adjustment and adaptation from the side of the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 00:23

... exon 7 of fragment C represents a dele- tion of 39 bp. The thick lines indicate intron 6 of 75 bp in fragments B and C, 3Â portion of 35 bp in intron 5 in fragments C and D, and 3Â portion of 25 ... numbers AB188151 and AB188152. RT-PCR cDNA was synthesized from total RNA (2 lg) of QGP-1 cells using random hexamers and Superscript III (Invitro- gen Corp.). One and two of 20 lL of the resulting ... Kishi 1 and Toshihiro Yasuda 2 1 Department of Legal Medicine and Medical Genetics, Gunma University, Japan 2 Division of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Fukui, Japan 3 Division of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... phrase pairs with j FL words and i English words. For S U and S G , the majority of the phrases contain only one FL word, and the percentage of the phrases with more than 2 FL words is less than 18%. ... Figure 2: Percentage of untranslated words out of the total number of FL words without translating them. Increasing the training data size reduces the percentage of untranslated words by nearly half ... S I , S A and S B than for the other two, thus yielding a higher number of FL words per phrase. The number of English words per phrase is also higher for these three systems than the other two. Coverage...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:21

... homologs of OsRPA70a and OsRPA70b (AtRPA70a and AtRPA70b) A. thaliana was used for genetic analysis of the functions of OsRPA70a and OsRPA70b because it has closely rela- ted homologs (AtRPA70a and ... Arabidopsis, there are two different types of RPA70- kDa subunit. Substantial biochemical and genetic characterization of these two subunits, termed OsRPA70a and OsRPA70b or AtRPA70a and AtRPA70b, respectively, ... OsRPA32 and OsRPA14 (Fig. 4A). Compared with OsRPA32 and OsRPA14, the amount of OsRPA70b in the complex was very small. This imbalance may reflect free OsRPA32 and OsRPA14, or a complex of OsRPA32 and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... each word- POS pair p (of length l) to the tail of each candidate result at the prior position of p (position i −l), and select for position i a N-best list of candidate results from all these candidates. ... When we derive a candidate result from a word- POS pair p and a candidate q at prior position of p, we cal- culate the scores of the word LM, the POS LM, the labelling probability and the generating ... each character a boundary tag of the follow- ing four types: ã b: the begin of the word ã m: the middle of the word ã e: the end of the word ã s: a single-character word We can extract segmentation...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

... (hundreds to thousands of words) and most lexical information is not transportable across domains. The problem of lexicon transport is worsened by the growing degree of lexicalization of IE systems: ... information about the use of the word in a semantic field. Semantic fields are sets of words tied together by " ;similarity& quot; covering the most part of the lexical area of a specific domain. ... assign the same label to 9 of the 33 coordinate terms (and then to their direct and indirect hyponyms). Marking is equivalent to assigning WordNet synsets to sets each of them referring to a...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... into consideration the size and nature of the business of the accounting firms they supervise and the size and nature of the business of the clients of those firms. The standards applied by the Board ... this Act, the rules of the Board, professional standards, and the securities laws relating to the preparation and issuance of audit reports and the obligations and liabilities of accountants with ... individuals of integrity and reputation who have a demonstrated commitment to the interests of investors and the public, and an understanding of the responsibilities for and nature of the financial...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 13:20