within room building spatial and temporal variability of contamination

... fermenting hexose and pentose sugars to produce hydrogen, organic acids and ethanol In this study, the temporal and spatial interactions of C obsidiansis with cellulose were visualized and compared ... calculated from, d= √ ρa (1) And then, the minimum volumetric biofilm cells density can be approximated by, ρv = ρa d (2) Results Temporal and spatial dynamics of C obsidiansis biofilm formation To visualize ... experiment The use of flat cellulose substrates coupled with sampling the biofilm structure at multiple stages of development allowed dissection of the multi-step process of biofilm formation and cellulose...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... mM KCl), 1µL of dNTP (10 mM), µL of each primer (100 µM), 0.5 µL of Taq-polymerase (Fastart, Roche Diagnostic), µL of MgCl2 , µL of GC-rich solution (Sigma), µL of BSA (3%) and µL of genomic DNA ... comparison of both the position and the relative intensity of different bands within gels, as well as the interpretation of ecological significance [8] In total, 20 fungal bands were sequenced and compared ... = 0.993) and the spruce site the lowest (only 11 species and SW = 0.904) Intermediate values were found in the oak, beech and Douglas-fir stands (12.6 and 0.937; 12.3 and 0.920; 12.2 and 0.934,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 16:20

... Number of transports Tranports to Götaland (%) Svealand (%) Norrland (%) Cattle Götaland Svealand Norrland Pigs 44068 11971 5430 97 5.1 1.3 2.8 93.2 16.8 0.2 1.7 82 Götaland Svealand Norrland 16895 ... movements of livestock were within quite short distances; 87% of the cattle movements and 74% of the pig movements were to holdings within 100 km However 5% of the cattle movements and 9% of the ... Uppsala Södermanland Östergötland Jönköping Kronoberg Kalmar Gotland Blekinge Skåne Halland Västra Götaland Värmland Örebro Västmanland Dalarna Gävleborg Västernorrland Jämtland Västerbotten...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... source locations, and withinsubject consistency To match scalp maps of ICs within and across subjects in this paper, the gradients of the IC scalp maps from different sessions of the same subject ... design of this study, and led the team to well finish it SAC participated in the design of the study, the acquisition of data, the analysis/interpretation of data, and the modification of paper ... design of the study and performed the statistical analysis HZL participated in the design of the study and drafted the manuscript LWK conceived of the study, and participated in the design and coordination...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... designer with a unique degree of flexibility in terms of both spatial and temporal behaviour Memory-optimized systems spanning from a ¢ spatial neighbourhood up to a frame spatiotemporal ¢ pixel neighbourhood ... image width and height In order to synchronise data, a FIFO buffer is implemented for each required temporal level The size of each buffer depends on the read-write pattern and the number of temporal ... SDRAM and SRAM memory, fMemSD and fMemzbt , can be derived from (6) and (7), respectively In this case, Bl is the burst length, wop and rop are the read and write operation, n is the number of the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... rings, and between abaxial and adaxial sides of branches; (3) the relationship between needle d13C and that of wood and cellulose taken from the same position on the branch; and (4) the temporal ... of growth rings of the branch and of the trunk [9] To study the temporal changes in bulk needle d13C by sampling needles in regular temporal intervals, the variability due to spatial effects ... Students t-test of needle d13Cadaxial versus d13Cabaxial showing means and standard errors, number of samples and the mean difference of adaxial-abaxial needle d13C (Diffad-ab); levels of significance...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:21

... spite of the geographical variability of the mean values of the traits, and also of the total phenotypic variance DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of the within- population variability of ... isofemale heritability according to Parsons (1983) and Hoffmann and Parsons (1988) Means and standard deviations of intraclass correlations are given in table IV In both species, the observed and ... et al, 1993) Estimation of variability The variability of each natural population was estimated by using the coefficient of variation for the phenotypic variability ( C! and the intraclass correlation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... and temporal phase evaluation techniques are reviewed, and a postprocessing with spatial and temporal phase unwrapping is described In Chapter 3, the theories of the proposed spatial and temporal ... continuous deformation of a CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION cantilever beam and profiling of an object with height steps Furthermore, in the temporal domain, detection and compensation of phase-shifting ... extraction of instantaneous frequency and profiling of a discontinuous object Another issue also in the temporal domain is that it is difficult to evaluate the influence of phase-shifting error and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... C (u + f , v) (2.45) where u and v denote the horizontal and vertical spatial frequencies, and C (u , v) and A(u , v) are the 2D Fourier transforms of c f ( x, y ) and a f ( x, y ), respectively ... phase relationship is random or rapidly changing, the waves at these two points are incoherent Two aspects of the general coherence are the spatial and temporal coherence Spatial coherence describes ... aperture interferometer Temporal coherence describes the correlation of a wave with itself at different instants and is related to the finite bandwidth of the light source The temporal coherence length...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... u and ξ l denote the upper and lower limits of ξ , and η u and η l denote the upper and lower limits of η , respectively The ranges of ξ and η can be approximately estimated by the analysis of ... curvature and twist is also an important aspect in the study of out -of- plane displacement of an object (Rastogi, 1996; Chau and Zhou, 2003; Liu, 2003) In this thesis, the determination of curvature and ... trade-off is the consequence of the uncertainty principle which states that the product of the temporal duration ∆t and frequency bandwidth ∆ω 71 CHAPTER THREE DEVELOPMENT OF THEORY should be larger...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... the resolved spatial frequency is still limited due to the small dimension of CCD, and the higher maximum spatial frequency can be obtained with a smaller pixel size of CCD camera In off-axis digital ... laser is 632.8 nm, and the laser beam is separated by a variable beam splitter into reference and object beams A microscopic lens and a pinhole consist of a spatial filter, and a polarizer is ... holography, and Fig 4.10 shows a top view of the specimen and an area of interest (inside the black box) The concrete dimension is discussed in Section 5.2.2 Figure 4.10 Top view of the specimen and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... spatial filters used before and after the temporal operations As the spatial filter is used before the temporal operations, the effects of spatial filters in the conventional temporal or time-frequency ... used after the temporal operations in Figs 5.19 and 5.20, and the area of interest is cropped before the determination of a complex phasor E A B C D E (a) 136 CHAPTER FIVE RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ... method and temporal phase unwrapping; (b) complex phasor method and shorttime Fourier transform Figure 5.23(a) shows a 3D plot of an unwrapped phase map using digital phase subtraction and temporal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... study, both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective, and can effectively and accurately estimate the fringe density of a noisy wrapped map ... deformation of a cantilever beam and profiling of an object with height steps The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the previously proposed methods (such as the conventional temporal ... better especially in the suppression of speckle noise 177 CHAPTER SIX CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK (4) In the temporal domain, detection and compensation of phase-shifting error in phase-shifting...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... Round-Robin Figure 12: CDF of user and cell throughput for an offered DCH load of ρc = 0.4 25 20 15 10 0 Conclusion and Outlook We investigated spatial and temporal fairness aspects of integrated HSDPA-enhanced ... standard deviation of the SIR in decibel scale as a function of Σi Assuming that the distribution of the SIR follows a normal distribution that is entirely characterized by its mean and standard ... that case the data rates of the users only depend on the number of users and their position, but are otherwise independent of each other We now clarify the effect of spatial heterogeneity with...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... scheme significantly improves the quality of the SI and RD performance of DVC, and the performance of the proposed hybrid scheme is superior to spatial EC and temporal EC alone This paper is organized ... hybrid spatial and temporal error concealment (EC) scheme for WZ frames in DVC It uses the error-concealed results from spatial EC to improve the performance of the temporal EC, instead of simply ... cost of several iterations of motion estimation and decoding In [16], the reconstructed image and the adjacent key frames are used in order to refine the motion vectors and, thus, obtain a new and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... Seychelles and the Mascarene Islands; Southern Africa; North America (northern USA and Canada); West Indies; southern USA and Mexico; the Society Islands and Hawaii; the Far East; and Australia ... France and ex-USSR; populations of tropical regions including the West Indies, the Society Islands and Hawaii ; and populations in tropical Africa, the Seychelles and the Mascarene islands Between ... words, is the niche width of D melanogaster larger than that of D simulans because of greater genetic variability, or is the variability of D melanoga.ster higher because of its larger niche width?...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... WTO’s practices of anti-dumping dispute provisional measures, and disputes over the inconsistency of the settlement and the participation of developing countries and national law of a Member country ... analyses the practices of anti-dumping dispute settlement at the WTO; draws participating experiences of India, China and Thailand; and points out the current reality and MAIN CONTENT OF THE THESIS reasons ... issue of Press; (ii) James P Durling (2002), Matthew R Nicely, anti-dumping dispute settlement within the WTO framework Understanding Agreement: and the participation of developing countries and of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/05/2016, 01:12

... abies INTRODUCTION of heterogeneity in and function of spruce stands within landscapes and along chronosequences and new analytic capabilities to separate the complex effects of multiple factors ... at 35 and 90 cm deep at the 40-year stand, the 40-year boggy stand and the 140-year stand, and with manually recorded tensiometers at 20 cm deep at the 40-year NE stand, the 70-year stand and the ... made in midApril in three stands but were delayed until middle of May at the 40-year NE stand and until beginning of June at the 70-year and 110year stands Within all stands, transpiration was monitored...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... of Rubber Plantation  Spatial- temporal Pattern of Rubber Plantation  Topographic Features of Rubber Plantation  Summary and Prospect Summary and Prospect • Rubber plantations has been expanded ... surrounding gradients of 600-800 m •increased the planted intensity gradually 1980 Elevation (m) 1990 2000 Within China Within Laos Within Myanm ar Within China Within Laos Within Myanma r 7.18 ... 1980 Slope (°) 1990 2000 2010 Within China Within China Within Myanm ar Within China Within Laos Within Myanm ar Within China Within Laos Within Myanma r

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:21

... (δA ’Stand’ ’Tree in Stand’ ’Radius x effect, Tree in Stand’ interaction) and + + (i.e interactions between z and ’Stand’, ’Tree in ’Radius x Tree in Stand’, respectively) The random effect ... in a stand represents 24.4, 26.1 and 22.8 % (sum of the six components in columns entitled ’Tree’ and ’Tree(Stand) x Radius’), whereas the variability between stands represents 6.5, 9.9 and 12.4 ... determinism of the previously defined wood quality criteria entails the discovery of where the variability of wood properties occurs in a set of standing trees and which factors influence...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21