why teach the history of computing

... 2007 15:15 The frontiersmen of mankind the liberation of their continent made the second half of the twentieth century a triumphant period for the peoples of Africa, but at the end of the century ... of the world on behalf of the entire human race That has been their chief contribution to history It is why they deserve admiration, support, and careful study The central themes of African history ... components of the economy at Birimi, a settlement close to the northern edge of the West African forest in modern Ghana This was an outlier of the Kintampo culture whose other sites, further south in the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:39

... gallons per day of ethanol, utilizing Saccharomyces for the process (Harris 1946) This yield of 50 gallons per ton of wood was approximately 50% of the theoretical yield The indicated loss of sugars ... renewed interest in the conversion of biomass into fuels and chemicals In 1978, the first of a series of conferences on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals A View of The History of Biochemical Engineering ... because of the concerns of future exhaustion of non-renewable fossil fuels One of the authors of this article, Raphael Katzen, had his first personal experience in wood hydrolysis 60 years ago in the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 17:20

... but rather a vital part of the war effort; they turned lipstick into a symbol of resilient femininity in the face of danger, a symbol that would boost the morale of both the women wearing the lipstick ... from, the additive and of any substance formed in or on food, drugs or devices, or cosmetics because of the use of the additive, (ii) the cumulative effect of such additive in the diet of man ... the distinction between FD&C and D&C colors matters much less to the history of cosmetics like lipstick than it does to the history of food, the body text of this paper does not obsess over the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 22:20

... was the readiest way of converting them to the principles of the Christian religion These, then, were the first forerunners in the great cause of the abolition of the Slave Trade: nor have their ... held the reigns of the government of Spain till Charles the Fifth came to the throne, for the establishment of a regular system of commerce in the persons of the native Africans The object of Bartholomew ... but of many bodies of men It was interwoven again into the system of the commerce and of the revenue of nations Hence the merchant the planter the mortgagee the manufacturer the politician—the...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 09:20

... were the duties of these officers There were also the deacons, who appear to have had the care of the poor of the community The first Christians looked for the speedy coming of Christ before their ... influx of barbarians smoothed the way for the break-up of the western part of the Empire Although they had a great respect for the Roman state, they must have kept some of their German love of individual ... the officers of the Church, who were called theclergy, and the people, or laity To the clergy was committed the government of the Church as well as the instruction of its members In each of the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 23:20

... center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence ... center sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence ... fleet of 260 ships by the year 2035 rather than the nearly 290 it now has (CBO, 2005) To better understand the magnitude of ship cost escalation and its implications, the Office of the Chief of Naval...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... centers sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Combatant Commands, the Department of the Navy, the Marine Corps, the defense agencies, and the defense Intelligence ... rate The regression approach fits the natural logarithm of cost (the dependent variable) as a function of the fiscal year (the independent variable) The annual rate is the exponential of the coefficient ... measures of inflation Even the rate of increase for electronic warfare aircraft, with the lowest rate of increase of the types listed above, was above that of other inflation indices The ordering of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 23:20

... THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND Volume One of Three FROM THE INVASION OF JULIUS CÆSAR TO THE END OF THE REIGN OF JAMES THE SECOND, BY DAVID HUME, ESQ 1688 In Three Volumes: VOLUME ONE: The History Of ... to the majority of the house of commons, and suited their religious principles But as the impatience of the people, the danger of delay, the general disgust towards faction, and the authority of ... I, Part VI their eye the malignity of the sectaries; they should have carried their attention further, to the chief cause of that malignity, the restraint under which they labored The commons...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... to the maintenance of the true Protestant religion, with due consideration to the just ease of tender consciences, to the settling of the rights of the crown and of parliament, the laws of the ... as in the case of the earl of Strafford The commons had not been present at the trial of Laud; they had not heard the evidence, they had not even read the depositions of the witnesses; they pronounced ... from the Commons; and, regardless of the clamours of the populace, they spent several days in comparing the proofs of the managers with the defence of the archbishop At last,[a] in a house of fourteen...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... interest, these documents, The History of "Punch", by M H Spielmann taken together, establish the facts of such very vexed questions as the origin and the early editorships of Punch This is the more ... This may be gathered from the very first article in the very first number, the manifesto of the band of men who started it, contributed by Mark Lemon, under the title of- "THE MORAL OF PUNCH." "As ... letters, the essence of all wit, the concentration of all wisdom, the soul of honour, the fountain of goodness, and the paragon of every virtue FOOTNOTES: [1] An example of these amusing and confusing...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... between the promoters of the various sorts of history of science Then and only then, will the history of knowledge retain the central role it should have in the history and philosophy of science ... should ask about the stuff the pieces are made of; it is whether we have given up questions about the rules of the game Any observer of the evolution of history of science during the last thirty ... in professional history of science journals, hold professorships in university departments of history or history of science and win prizes offered by history of science societies Thus, the premise...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21

... architecture In the North and West, meanwhile, under the growing institutions of the papacy and of the monastic orders and the emergence of a feudal civilization out of the chaos of the Dark Ages, the constant ... either by the massiveness of the abutments or by the opposition to it of counter-thrusts from other arches or vaults Roman builders used the first, Gothic builders the second of these means of ... to harmonize in a building the requirements of utility and of beauty It is the most useful of the fine arts and the noblest of the useful arts It touches the life of man at every point It is...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 14:20

... by the old-fashioned loveliness of the place The way the arches of the porte cochere conjured images of the elegant necks of horses, the skirts of ladies alighting from carriages The way the ... grew older, the place they spent much of their time, the more formal first floor being the domain of their mother Eloise still felt like that part of the house didn’t quite belong to her Why didn’t ... and the bay windows above it resembled the top tiers of a wedding cake As they grew close they noted the wrought-iron grille on the front door, the leaded-glass windows, and then inside they...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 18:20

... but the sound of axes, hammers, and saws, with the crash of trees and the shouts of the convict overseers They lost no time in preparing their habitations on shore; for the confinement of the ... possession of the country on behalf of His Britannic Majesty, giving it the name, “New South Wales,” on account of the resemblance of its coasts to the southern shores of Wales Shortly after they ... moment of being attacked and speared, and there was no hope of defending themselves till the powder was ready Flinders, knowing the fondness of the natives for the luxury of a shave, persuaded them...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 12:21

... restrain the effects of their zeal, the pathetic vehemence of his sermons continually inflamed the angry and seditious temper of Part III 20 the people of Milan The characters of Eve, of the wife of ... enjoy the fruits of the victory, and to receive the sceptre of the West from the hands of his dying father The arrival of Honorius at Milan was welcomed by a splendid exhibition of the games of the ... governed by the clergy of Rome and the monks of the East The edifying example of the Anician family was soon imitated by the rest of the nobility: the Bassi, the Paullini, the Gracchi, embraced the Christian...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... conveyed them in a boat to the sanctuary of the church ^51 As one of these criminals was of the blue, and the other of the green livery, the two factions were equally provoked by the cruelty of their ... geometry of Euclid, the music of Pythagoras, the arithmetic of Nicomachus, the mechanics of Archimedes, the astronomy of Ptolemy, the theology of Plato, and the logic of Aristotle, with the commentary ... the loss of their husbands, or the decay of their strength ^37 The king of these savage warriors solicited the friendship of Theodoric, and was elevated to the rank of his son, according to the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... tempted by the disorders of Italy, the nakedness of Rome, and the unwarlike profession of her new chief On the first edicts of the emperor, they declared themselves the champions of the holy images: ... invested with the prerogatives of a temporal prince; the choice of magistrates, the exercise of justice, the imposition of taxes, and the wealth of the palace of Ravenna In the dissolution of the Lombard ... religion of his father and grandfather; but his wife, the fair and ambitious Irene, had imbibed the zeal of the Athenians, the heirs of the Idolatry, rather than the philosophy, of their ancestors...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... hell." His report of the riches of the land, the effeminacy of the natives, and the disorders of the government, revived the hopes of Noureddin; the caliph of Bagdad applauded the pious design; ... foresight of the seasons, or cultivation of the soil, they gathered the ripe and spontaneous fruits of the superstition of the times They gathered these fruits without toil or personal danger: in the ... interdict the churches of the Roman rite ^13 The two wives of Manuel Comnenus ^14 were of the race of the Franks: the first, a sister-in-law of the emperor Conrad; the second, a daughter of the prince...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... custom in the purlieus of the court; and of these brokers the most successful had been, in the days of Charles, the harlots, and in the days of James, the priests From the palace which was the chief ... of the authority of Scripture He was therefore required to profess his faith in the divinity of the Son and of the Holy Ghost, and in the inspiration of the Old and New Testaments Such were the ... question of humanity and of expediency They spoke much of the debt of gratitude which the nation owed to the priesthood; of the courage and fidelity with which the order, from the primate down to the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 22:20