why should it concern us from an ecological point of view
plant physiological ecology (lambers et al 2008)
Ngày tải lên :
03/04/2015, 15:00
... Respiration Associated with Ion Transport 5.2.4 Experimental Evidence Plant Respiration: Why Should It Concern Us from an Ecological Point of View? References 2C Long-Distance Transport of Assimilates ... distribution, abundance, and interactions of plants with other organisms Why does a particular species live where it does? How does it manage to grow there successfully, and why is it absent from other ... defines the range of conditions over which each species can grow In the presence of competition (lower panels), plants grow over a smaller range of conditions (their ecological amplitude, EAx and EAy)...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Environmental control of CO assimilation rate and leaf 2 conductance in two species of the tropical rain forest of French Guiana (Jacaranda copaia D. Don and Eperua falcata Aubl.)" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
09/08/2014, 04:20
... good agreement with the findings of Kuppers et al (1986) which showed the absence of any role of leaf water status in explaining the afternoon depression of A in a range of species of the temperate ... Schulze E.D, Lange O.L., Everani M., Kappen L & Buschbom U (1974) The role of air humidity and leaf temperature in controlling stomatal resistance of Prunus armeniaca L under desert conditions I A ... effects of soil and atmospheric drought on photosynthesis and stomatal control of gas exchange in three coniferous species PhysioL Plant 73, 97-104 Jones H.G (1985) Partitioning stomatal and non-stomatal...
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The Sensitivity of Bank Net Interest Margins and Profitability to Credit, Interest-Rate, and Term-Structure Shocks Across Bank Product Specializations potx
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 14:20
... determine the magnitude of the effect of interest-rate changes and other shocks on bank profitability Our second objective is to use a large set of data, consisting of quarterly bank and financial market ... bank’s spread increases with the amount of equity capital and decreases with deposit variability Risk-averse firms lower the risk of profit variability by increasing the deposit rate Zarruk and ... remain a key determinant of changes in profitability for a majority of banks However, research in the area of bank interest-rate risk and the behavior of NIM has been largely limited since the late...
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WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 546 / NOVEMBER 2005: THE NATURAL REAL INTEREST RATE AND THE OUTPUT GAP IN THE EURO AREA A JOINT ESTIMATION doc
Ngày tải lên :
22/03/2014, 23:20
... C.Williams and the participants of the ECB workshop on natural interest rates on Februar 19th 2004 European University Institute and University of Parix X-Nanterre.; e-mail: julien.garnier@iue .it Central ... permitted only with the explicit written authorisation of the ECB or the author(s) The views expressed in this paper not necessarily reflect those of the European Central Bank The statement of ... line with this argument we estimate the natural real rate of interest and potential output simultaneously using data for the euro area, Germany and the US The modelling framework consists of a...
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Báo cáo y học: "Effects of p-Synephrine alone and in Combination with Selected Bioflavonoids on Resting Metabolism, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate and Self-Reported Mood Changes"
Ngày tải lên :
25/10/2012, 11:04
... from the immature fruits of Citrus aurantium [22-25], and is widely distributed in other Citrus species [22, 23, 26] The safety of p-synephrine and bitter orange extract has recently been reviewed ... Synephrine content of juice from Satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marcovitch) J Agric.Food Chem 2008; 56: 8874-8878 Stohs SJ, Preuss HG The safety of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) and p-synephrine ... 764-773 Stohs SJ, Shara M A review of the safety and efficacy of Citrus aurantium in weight management In: Bagchi D and Preuss H, eds Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prevention Boca Raton,...
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Spectroscopic and Microscopic Investigation of Gold NanoparticleFormation: Ligand and Temperature Effects on Rate and Particle Size
Ngày tải lên :
18/09/2013, 21:27
... cleaned with aquaregia (chemical warning: aqua-regia is very corrosive and should be handled with extreme care) and then rinsed with copious amounts of nanopure water and dried overnight prior to use ... simultaneous reduction, nucleation, and slow growth processes, and (iii) a final stage which is predominantly growth of the nanoparticles At the beginning of the reaction, just after addition of ... HRTEM analysis The important role of diffusion-limited growth in the synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles with less than 10% size dispersion is well established.75 During a diffusion-limited...
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2013 DAILY RATES UPS Rate and SeRvice GUide pdf
Ngày tải lên :
06/03/2014, 23:20
... delivery with in-house R customs clearance* – Guaranteed by end of day – Two business days from Canada – Two or three business days from Mexico – our or five business days from Asia, Europe F and ... Worldwide Expedited® WITHIN DAYS FROM CANADA UPS Day Select® from Canada DAY-DEFINITE UPS StandardSM – From Canada – From Mexico Some shipments to and from certain locations may require additional time ... Inc of California in California, I and UPS Capital Insurance Agency, Inc of Nevada in Nevada, Hawaii and Louisiana UPS Capital Insurance Agency, Inc and its affiliates are companies of UPS Capital...
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What is the neutral real interest rate, and how can we use it? doc
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 01:20
... riskless world with no good, the interest rate can be thought of as the mechanism impediments to capital flows, the shape and position of these which equates the demand for, and supply of, loanable funds ... (and vice versa for a decrease in the productivity of capital) Thus, for example, if r1 the position of the saving curve is unchanged, then an Investment increase in the productivity of capital ... estimates of the NRRs for Australia Estimates of the NRR cited by economic commentators in and the United States and adjusts these for New Zealand- the United States generally range between 2.0 and...
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CHANGES IN BANK RATE, MINIMUM LENDING RATE, MINIMUM BAND DEALING RATE, REPO RATE AND OFFICIAL BANK RATE pdf
Ngày tải lên :
22/03/2014, 17:20
... 26 1 - Data obtained from Barclays Bank, Lloyds/TSB Bank, HSBC Bank and National Westminster Bank whose rates are used to compile this series Where all the rates did not change on the same day ... BANK RATE, MINIMUM LENDING RATE, MINIMUM BAND DEALING RATE, REPO RATE AND OFFICIAL BANK RATE Date effective New rate % Bank Rate 1694 Oct 6.0000 1695 Jan May 4.5000 3.0000 1699 June 4.5000 1716 ... 22 29 30 31 Jan Jan Jan Jul Jul Aug Aug Aug 4.5000 4.0000 3.0000 4.0000 8.0000 10.0000 6.0000 5.0000 1915 no changes 1916 13 July 6.0000 1917 18 Jan Apr 5.5000 5.0000 1918 no changes 1919 Nov...
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WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 393 / SEPTEMBER 2004: THE DETERMINANTS OF THE OVERNIGHT INTEREST RATE IN THE EURO AREA doc
Ngày tải lên :
22/03/2014, 23:20
... bank wants to provide a certain amount of liquidity, it cannot so independently of demand If demand for main refinancing operations is lower than the central bank’s desired supply, one speaks of ... showing liquidity supply on the assets side and reserves holdings and autonomous factors on the liabilities side From the balance sheet identity and given the supply of liquidity, it is easy to ... proportion of demand deposits as reserves Those demand deposits are assumed to depend on an interest rate as opportunity cost Therefore, if the interest rate changes, demand for deposits changes, and...
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Derivative Exposure and the Interest Rate and Exchange Rate Risks of U.S. Banks ppt
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 13:20
... source of increased solvency exposure From the standpoint of a bank’s management (and accountants), derivatives are regarded as off-balance sheet items despite their importance as a source of profit ... bank’s interest rate and exchange risk profile Loan commitments and letters of credit, on the other hand, are more directly related to a bank’s credit risk exposure rather than interest rate and ... off-balance sheet banking has investigated the effect of traditional off-balance activities on bank operations and risk, without focusing on derivatives and their impact on interest rate and exchange...
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Báo cáo hóa học: "Sweat rate and sodium loss during work in the heat" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 00:20
... between the two methods From a practical viewpoint, a number of findings from this study can be put to use by occupational physicians It is common for miners and other manual workers to perform ... at 35°C and 50% RH for 35 mins Values are means of samples from all anatomical sites Future experiments should aim to clarify whether leg sweat glands have an inherently different capacity to ... regression of data from contralateral sites (right and left) was carried out to confirm that differences did not arise from the methodology of either sweat collection or analysis Probability of intra-individual...
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Báo cáo toán học: " Mind the information gap: fertility rate and use of cesarean delivery and tocolytic hospitalizations in Taiwan" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 21:20
... Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Department of Economics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 21 22 23 24 Authors’ contributions ... preparation and analyses, and drafted the manuscript Edward C Norton and Shoou-Yih Lee participated in the study design and helped to draft the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript ... 27:1208-1223 37 Sloan FA: Not-for-profit ownership and hospital behavior In Handbook of health economics Edited by: Culyer AJ, Newhouse JP North Holland: Elsevier; 2000:1141-1174 38 Visewanathan M, Visco...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Adaptive access and rate control of CSMA for energy, rate, and delay optimization" docx
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 17:20
... and left-hand of inequality (28) can be calculated using the channel transition probabilities: We partition the summation and rewrite it as the first inequality is a result of , , we have thus ... expectation, in (17) and (18) with its format provided in (7) and calculate , using the channel transition and channel occupancy probability, probabilities, The expected accumulative utility and the optimal ... possible channel states and optimal decision is to transmit for a state with Also assume that probability of going from to a better channel state and from , with and assume that to a worse channel...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article A New Achievable Rate and the Capacity of Some Classes of Multilevel Relay Network" potx
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 22:20
... Theory (ISIT ’07), pp 281–285, Nice, France, June 2007 [15] C.-M Zeng, F Kuhlmann, and A Buzo, “Achievability proof of some multiuser channel coding theorems using backward decoding,” IEEE Transactions ... channel where the channel from the transmitter to the relay is orthogonal to the channel from the sender and relay to the sink In other words, transmission on direct channel from the sender to ... networks,” Ph.D dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif, USA, October 1980 [5] A EL Gamal and S Zahedi, “Capacity of relay channels with orthogonal components,” IEEE Transactions on Information...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article New Method to Determine the Range of DVB-H Networks and the Influence of MPE-FEC Rate and Modulation Scheme" doc
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 22:20
... is the furthest away from the transmitter ITx An analogous definition is used for RE|5 A comparison of the values of R, RCINR|5 and RE|5 will be presented in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 When comparing ... “imaginary transmitter” ITx The location ((x, y, z)-coordinates) of this imaginary transmitter is chosen as a weighted average of the positions of the three transmitters (see Figure 1): (x, y, z)ITx = ... clock is also used North West BS1 BS2 ITx BS3 East South (km) Figure 1: Map of Ghent with the three transmitting DVB-H antennas, the “imaginary transmitter” ITx, and the routes (in red) used to determine...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Rate and Power Allocation for Discrete-Rate Link Adaptation" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
22/06/2014, 00:20
... bound can be approached from below with arbitrary precision for an arbitrarily low error rate Using N distinct codes, we analyze the MASA for constant-, discrete-, and continuous-transmit power ... receiver Then, given an average transmit power constraint, the channel capacity of a Rayleigh fading channel with optimal continuous-rate adaptation and constant transmit power, CORA , is given in ... implementation complexity, and adaptation with faulty channel-state information (CSI) Thus, if we can come close to the maximum MASA (i.e., the channel capacity) with small values of N and K by choosing...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article Combined Rate and Power Allocation with Link Scheduling in Wireless Data Packet Relay Networks with Fading Channels" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
22/06/2014, 19:20
... and transmit packets simultaneously (half-duplex model) The second assumption is made because, at the relay node of the network, the receiver and the transmitter are installed at the same unit ... example, let us consider Case for the outgoing link with j ≤ R − Then we have y = y and the transition probability is − Ps (e y ) where e y is easily determined by use of y, R, and M Huang and S Dey ... introducing such an effect is that the successful transmission of a packet relies on the correct detection of all its bits Thus, the packet error probability can be made very sensitive to the bit-energy-tointerference...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Research Article On Sum Rate and Power Consumption of Multi-User Distributed Antenna System with Circular " pdf
Ngày tải lên :
22/06/2014, 19:20
... independent and uniformly distributed, distances from the nth antenna to all users Dn,1 , Dn,2 , , Dn,K are i.i.d random variables with cdf (11) ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS When instantaneous channel state ... applicability of the analysis and the asymptotically optimal circle radius to a practical system scale, for example, eight antennas and eight users Though we consider a random deployment of antennas and ... small-scale system, the instantaneous per-user sum-rate is subject to a large variation and thus less valuable So we evaluate the mean per-user sum rate and the mean total transmit power averaged over...
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