why are some countries rich and others poor

... day across the world The tappers and listeners are CEOs and frontline employees, teachers and students, politicians and voters, marketers and customers, writers and readers All of these groups ... has some subset of traits like height, speed, agility, power, and court sense But you don't need all of these traits in order to be great: Some great guards are five feet ten and scrawny And ... sticky ideas—-both natural and created— and figure out what made them stick What makes urban legends so compelling? Why some chemistry lessons work better than others? Why does virtually every...

Ngày tải lên: 01/03/2016, 22:10

... up and the airways widen An implication for primary care as well as hospital care from this study is not to underestimate the importance of good communication between the patient and the care-giver ... general, self-reports are reliable and well established (24) Almost all diagnoses were made at the paediatric clinic at the University hospital and only a small fraction, % at primary care However, the ... primary health care But constitutional factors are plausibly of great importance In the early postnatal stage, obstructive and bronchospastic symptoms typical of asthma may be unspecific, and those...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:48

... frequency of a term, Ni its total frequency, and Ei = (Ni · i Oi )/ i Ni its expected frequency in corpus i (where i takes values and for the standard and sample corpus, respectively) Then, the ... entry, the text of the post along with the date and time are indexed Posts without an explicit mood indication (10M) are discarded We applied standard preprocessing steps (stopword removal, stemming) ... “awake” and “tired.” Detecting spikes Our first task is to identify spikes in moods reported in blog posts Many of the moods reported by LiveJournal users display a cyclic behavior There are some...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... nation’s largest metropolitan areas have seen their populations stagnant or declining Others have seen rapid growth The question of why some areas are growing and others are shrinking is of major ... Low-Tax Metro Areas Grew Faster Than High-Tax Metro Areas Cato Journal Why Some Cities Are Growing FIGURE State and Local Taxes Are Negatively Correlated with Employment Growth State and Local Taxes ... Crain and Lee (1999), Kreft and Sobel (2005), Ashby (2007), Campbell and Rogers (2007), Ashby and Sobel (2008), Hall and Sobel (2008), Reed (2008) 287 Cato Journal area includes counties in Maryland,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 06:20

... tasks are receiving and making phone calls I listen to the customers’ demands and answer their questions if I can, or I will transfer to the right counselors and C.O Sometimes the people in demand ... international standard training programs to upgrade their soft and hard skills for working and studying Courses currently run by StudyLink include: Health Safety and Environment (HSE), Project and Process ... Auckland and Singapore, who assist students with arrival orientation and ongoing welfare support In addition to the Study Abroad business, the company offers Training Solutions to corporate and...

Ngày tải lên: 05/04/2013, 22:29

... argued by Chari and Weber (1992) and Sundaresan (1992) and documented by Nyborg and Sundaresan (1996) for bonds, and by Aussenegg, Pichler, and Stomper (2002) for shares, such markets induce information ... compare auctions and PPS in Section III Section IV illustrates This result is due to French and McCormick (1984) See also Harstad (1990) and Levin and Smith (1994) See for example Wang (1993) and ... applies WHY GOVERNMENT BONDS ARE SOLD BY AUCTION AND CORPORATE BONDS BY POSTED-PRICE SELLING In most industrialized countries, government bonds are sold by auction whereas corporate bonds are sold...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:21

... dummy and foreign share in deposits are significant in some model specifications, they are not consistently significant across both the median least squares and robust regressions We also obtain some ... show a significant and positive, but far from perfect correlation between margins and spreads Overhead costs and loan loss provisions are positively and market share in deposit and lending markets ... Merotto, Richard Podpiera, Rachel Sebudde and seminar participants at Oxford for useful comments and suggestions and are grateful to the Bank of Uganda for sharing the data with us and to Edward...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 23:20

... twenty-five whites, and burned six houses They were pursued, attacked, and fourteen killed In two days, twenty more were killed, and forty were taken, some of whom were shot, some hanged, and some gibbeted ... fields; and the liberty and equality doctrine, nonsensical and wicked as it is, (in this land of tyrants and slaves,) is for electioneering purposes sounding and resounding through our valleys and ... government about 100 or 120, and it may bee as many Scots brought hither and sold for servants in the time of the war with Scotland, and most now married and living here, and about halfe so many Irish...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 11:20

... Rewarded 272 The Arts are Structured and Developments are Controlled 274 The Risks of Some are Reduced at the Expense of Others 276 10 Conclusion 277 12 Conclusion: a Cruel Economy Why Is the Exceptional ... true art Certain objects and activities are more likely to be called art than others This tends to be so when these objects or activities are authentic and remote and are relatively easily associated ... will mention some of the characteristics that make market transactions and gifts similar and different Both gift giving and market exchange are voluntary and they imply reciprocity; some kind of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 12:49

... perspective to explain why some people are conservative, others are liberal (or progressive), and still others become libertarians People bind themselves into political teams that share moral narratives ... Pantheon Books, a division of Random House, Inc., New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto Pantheon Books and colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc Library ... well.5 He got down on his hands and knees to play marbles with children, and sometimes he deliberately broke rules and played dumb The children then responded to his mistakes, and in so doing, they...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:00

... requirements Sometimes it may result in a failure on an exam and a waste of money and time From my everyday experience and observation some people require more time to study new materials and prepare ... keep his budget A person gains new experience and knowledge working with the new people He feels more independently and spends his or her money more careful From the other side, a person can have ... prepare for an exam Others, at the same, can easy understand new materials So, my point is that a person should decide for himself whether he will be able to combine his studding and his working...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 20:20

... mutations are known, and only a handful are nonsense mutations or involve the replacement of a residue in the active site of GCase The vast majority of the disease-causing mutations occur randomly ... enzymes, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where many unstable mutant proteins may misfold during synthesis [9] Can chemical chaperones be useful as drugs? In theory, yes, and there are some efforts ... than their unliganded counterparts because their structures are more stable Therefore, the obvious candidates for specific pharmacological chaperones for enzyme-related diseases are enzyme inhibitors...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

... #5 i i Contents Preface and Acknowledgments General Introduction and Outline of the Book References ix 14 P A R T WHY ARE THERE SO MANY BANKING CRISES? 19 Chapter Why Are there So Many Banking ... in emerging countries (Martinez Peria and Schmukler 2001; Calomiris and Powell 2000), during the Great Depression (Calomiris and Mason 1997), or the U.S Savings and Loan crisis (Park and Peristiani ... Allen and Gale (1998), Diamond and Rajan (2001), and Goodhart et al (2006) Solvency Regulations Part contains three articles, which are all concerned with the regulation of banks’ solvency, and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... seems to emerge in developed countries and developing countries, respectively In developed countries, banking crises alone are already very costly, whereas in developing countries it seems that the ... on returns and signals More specifically, we will assume that the distributions of R and are normal, with respective ¯ means R and and respective precisions (i.e., inverse variances) α and β Denoting ... 2000; Goodhart and Huang 1999, 2000) The LLR should lend freely against good collateral, valued at precrisis levels, and at a penalty rate These conditions are due to Bagehot (1873) and are also presented,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... Conditions (3.7) and (3.8) are satisfied if the costs of efforts e0 and e1 are small and if δ (the increase in the probability of success) and ∆β (the reduction in the probability of solvency) are large ... of the country In some countries, local firms borrow from local banks and then the latter borrow in international currency 39 Indeed, Radelet and Sachs (1998) as well as Rodrik and Velasco (1999) ... 105:1167–200 Chevalier, J., and G Ellison 1999 Are some mutual funds managers better than others? Journal of Finance 54:875–99 Corsetti, G., A Dasgupta, S Morris, and H S Shin 2004 Does one Soros...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... banks (which are not detected because supervisors are inefficient) have no incentive to declare bankruptcy and thus are not closed: they borrow λI at the same terms as illiquid banks and invest it ... ambiguous (Flannery and Sorescu 1996; Gorton and Santomero 1990) Several studies (Hannan and Hanweck 1988; Ellis and Flannery 1992; Cook and Spellman 1996) conclude that uninsured (and paradoxically ... conditions are satisfied: supervision is inefficient, so that insolvent banks are not detected; it is very costly to screen sound firms; and interbank market spreads are high These conditions are more...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... Switzerland Furlong, F., and M Keeley 1989 Bank capital regulation and risk taking: a note Journal of Banking and Finance 13:883–91 Gorton, G., and A Santomero 1990 Market discipline and bank ... welfares of banks and and their depositors as in the autarkic case, 15 subject to (i) the interim incentive constraints guaranteeing that the banks are diligent when they are not liquidated, and ... bank closures Boot, A., and S Greenbaum 1993 Bank regulation, reputation and rents: theory and policy implications In Capital Markets and Financial Intermediation (ed C Mayer and X Vives) Cambridge...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... the latter be aware of those bilateral positions) and are not supposed to monitor each other The settlement agent is the sole monitor and is entitled to reduce overdrafts, demand collateral, ... economy with N locations and the equilibria in a one-location DD model These results are also related to the papers by Bhattacharya and Gale (1987) and Bhattacharya and Fulghieri (1994) that ... ceiling levels and collateral requirements are more crucial determinants of market shares The advantages of competition As always, competition creates incentives for efficiency and better service,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... where there are three locations (N = 3) Locations and are peripheral locations and location is a money center location All the travelers of locations and must consume at location 1, and one-half ... markets are supposed to be complete and depositors are perfectly informed about the failure risks of banks Then the Modigliani–Miller indeterminacy principle applies and the market values of banks are ... in general, and banks in particular Consequently, an alternative set of assumptions has been adopted by a second strand of the literature, notably Koehn and Santomero (1980) and Kim and Santomero...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21

... is the increment of a Wiener process and µ and σ are the drift and volatility of asset value For simplicity, we assume that all investors are risk neutral 11 and discount the future at a constant ... Kahane, Y 1977 Capital adequacy and the regulation of financial intermediaries Journal of Banking and Finance 2:207–17 Kareken, J H., and N Wallace 1978 Deposit insurance and bank regulation: a partial ... Risk-Bearing Amsterdam: NorthHolland Dothan, U., and J Williams 1980 Banks, bankruptcy and public regulation Journal of Banking and Finance 4:65–88 Hart, O D., and D M Jaffee 1974 On the application...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 07:21