where policy and politics meet in multilateral development banks

... as policy instruments, identifying both the nexus and the distinctiveness of state politics and state policy- making The book enriches our understanding of the policy- making process in states and ... budgetary politics and policy- making in state budget offices The data rendered in these chapters fills a significant gap in our understanding of state budget processes, and how budgeting and policy- making ... weaves budgeting, policy, and politics together, highlighting the actors, the decision points, and the nexus of budgeting and policy- making in state budget offices The state politics literature...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 20:20

... SRDBs and the main banks 23 ADBI Working Paper 380 3.3 Prada Net Income Distribution: Where Policy and Politics Meet in Multilateral Development Banks Decision making over net income is the area where ... Multisector and Other; banking and financial services, and business and other services are Financing and Business; and government and civil society - general and conflict, peace, and security ... approved in direct loans and investments, and US$342.00 million in cofinancing operations, AR2008 shows US$300.50 million approved in direct loans and investments, and US$300.60 million in cofinancing...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 06:20

... (Michaelis constant) and Vmax (maximum velocity) values were determined by incubating the diluted recombinant proteins in the standard reaction mixture in the presence of increasing concentrations ... were removed and minced with a surgical knife The minced tissue was wrapped in cotton gauze and suspended in NaCl/Pi containing 100 lgÆmL)1 penicillin/ streptomycin at 37 °C for h After incubation ... were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator in the absence (control) and presence of increasing concentrations of inhibitors for 10 days, and the number of molting larvae was determined...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... example, in Canada (Morisette), Germany (Schmidt and Zimmermann), Austria (Winter-Ember), the United Kingdom (Belfield and Wei), and Switzerland (Winter-Ember and Zweimüller), among others Kraybill and ... greater returns by investing the same resources in creating a more conducive business environment for existing firms—both large and small Thus, recruiting large firms is often costly, in both direct ... Transportation and Warehousing 27,772 32,307 39,101 140.8 Information 40,728 52,292 60,308 148.1 Finance and Insurance 45,001 59,279 69,971 155.5 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 29,794 35,352...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 02:03

... competitiveness, increase aggregate productivity, maintain external balance, contain inflation and stabilize asset markets” (Frenkel and Taylor 2005) Evaluation: While indirect monetary policy has been introduced, ... belief in the government and the State Bank of Vietnam that indirect monetary policy instruments are not sufficient to control inflation and that other measures than indirect monetary policy ... deposits of more than a year, and lower for banks that are active in the agricultural sector and for People’s Credit Funds Lending facilities  Refinancing rate ( the upper interest rate ) 13% (11/04/2012)...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 10:41

... New “Common Sense”: Family-Planning Policy and Sex Ratio in Viet Nam Findings from a qualitative study in Bac Ninh, Ha Tay and Binh Dinh By The Institute for Social Development Studies Undertaken ... ultimately included Vo Cuong urban commune, Bac Ninh city in Bac Ninh province, Tuy Phuoc town in Binh Dinh, and Thach Xa rural commune and Thach That district in Ha Tay province In each locality, ... above, the three provinces selected for study are Bac Ninh and Ha Tay in the Red River Delta and Binh Dinh in the South Central Coast of Viet Nam 2.3.1 Bac Ninh Bac Ninh province is located to...

Ngày tải lên: 24/07/2014, 06:46

... R41672, Multilateral Development Banks: General Capital Increases, by Martin A Weiss; and • CRS Report R41537, Multilateral Development Banks: How the United States Makes and Implements Policy, ... Multilateral Investment Fund (MIF) helps Latin American countries institute policy reforms aimed at stimulating domestic and international investment It also funds worker retraining and programs ... Source and Notes: See Tables 1, 2, and Congressional Research Service Multilateral Development Banks: U.S Contributions FY2000-FY2013 Table Multilateral Development Banks: Budget Requests and Appropriated...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 04:20

... is no inducement to invest in green buildings  Making energy conservation improvements in old buildings is lacking in incentives  No energy conservation standards exist for the design and construction ... buildings; establish systems to encourage their design; assist in providing existing buildings with green building features; provide incentives and rewards 16 Low-Carbon Policy and Development in ... 122,399 thousand MT; it was 224,661 thousand MT in 2000 and 274,973 thousand MT in 2007, but it decreased to 263,606 thousand MT in 2008 and even further to 251,149 thousand MT in 2009 It decreased...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 17:20

... Sanchez-Paramo and Schady (2003) explain increases in wage inequality across countries and within countries, in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico They find evidence of increases in the demand ... training Thus, continued participation in export markets requires continuous skill upgrading through training There is also increasing interest in the impact of global value chains on upgrading ... institutes often supply the training program for local workers in international standards In conclusion, the increase in FDI into Vietnam not only increases the demand for quantity but also increases...

Ngày tải lên: 23/04/2013, 11:16

... by a conserved DNA-binding motif known as the Doublesex- and Mab-3-related (DM) domain Being a noncanonical cysteine-rich DNAbinding motif, this domain has two highly intertwined finger structures ... chelate one zinc ion each, and binds to the minor groove of the DNA [6] Dmrts were originally described to play important roles during sex determination in flies and worms by regulating several ... pair in medaka Gonadal dmrt1 gene expression across different fish species An amazing variety of sex-determining systems is found in fish Although information is emerging about sex determination in...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... improvement of monitoring technology (decrease in a monitoring cost) in the interbank market (depicted in black line) and the lending market (depicted in red line) 29 GDP 0.016 Inflation 0.025 0.014 ... improvement in monitoring technology in the IF and FEC contract brought about by a short-run decline in F and c : As indicated in Figure 3, defaulting probability of borrowers being unchanged, ... decline in is F substantially larger compared to the one caused by the decline in :13 c 13 In this paper, we investigate the economic response to a unexpected decline in monitoring cost and riskiness...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 03:20

... 81 Mg2+-independent Neutral Sphingomyelinases 84 Alkaline Sphingomyelinase from the Intestinal Tract 85 Bacterial Sphingomyelinase-phospholipase C 85 Sphingomyelinase Mechanism 85 Binding of Magnesium ... Alonso Introduction and Scope Sphingomyelinases 80 Types of Sphingomyelinases 80 Acid Sphingomyelinase (aSMase) 80 Secretory Sphingomyelinase (sSMase) 81 Neutral, Mg2+-dependent Sphingomyelinases ... Ions 85 Binding of Substrate 85 Mechanism of Catalysis 86 Sphingomyelinase Assay 88 Sphingomyelinase Inhibitors 89 Sphingomyelinase–Membrane Interactions 89 Lipid Effects on Sphingomyelinase Activity...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 05:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 23/02/2014, 15:20

... on the non-Brahmin movement, especially regarding its origins and development in the nineteenth century, in his "'Meaning and modernization1 in Tamil India: primordial sentiments and sanskritization" ... sums, intimately affecting the state's own finances, were involved Also, in Madras, temple lands included some of the best agricultural land in the Presidency, in the continued upkeep and productivity ... "Missionaries and the beginnings of the secular state in India," in Donovan Williams and E Daniel Potts, eds., Indian history in honour ofCuthbert Collin Danes (New York: Asia Publishing House,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 06:21

... farming operations while bridging farming and tourism, and the role of government and nongovernmental institutions in promoting sustainability Rethinking Sustainable Development Policy and Administration ... population and sustainable agriculture and tourism The remaining contributions shed light on the role of government and nongovernmental institutions in furthering Rethinking Sustainable Development Policy ... Sustainable Development Policy and Administration document for graduate students, professors, scholars, and public and private development managers interested in the emerging field of sustainable development...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 06:21

... mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher Current printing (last digit): 10 PRINTED ... complex, as in seeking to understand interpersonal conflict as an expression of differing personal predispositions, or as in designing and interpreting opinion surveys Skill-building activities, ... and guesses reflected in this volume OD values more clearly and insistently apply in the kind of society and economy we seem to be becoming: more educated and with a growing range of options and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 06:22

... activist inclination toward restarting cross-Strait discussions between Mainland China and Taiwan This theme appears, for example, in Chapter 30, dealing with “One China and Three Systems,” and Chapter ... have increased—slightly in Thailand and substantially to $59 billion in Korea, and Korea’s international credit rating has been significantly upgraded by Moody’s and Standard and Poor’s In Brazil, ... enterprises and its vulnerable domestic banking institutions No less than in Japan and Europe, China's economic problems are quite independent of the financial difficulties elsewhere in Asia, Russia and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 17:20

... crosstalk between auxin and other plant hormones [21–24] Our study also shows that genes involved in cytokinin (e.g cytokinin-Oglucosyltransferase, cytokinin dehydrogenase, and response regulators), ... Transcript profiling of auxin-responsive genes M Jain and J P Khurana responses, which indicates crosstalk between stress and auxin signaling In the recent past, the identification of F-box proteins (TIR1 ... results reported in this study will be helpful in understanding the transcriptional network regulated by auxin and functional validation of selected auxin-responsive genes involved in developmental...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20