... indebtedness provide an indication of the scales of the international aspects of the two banking crises, international banking is only part of the totality of banking. Total bank deposits therefore ... cause. The ‘rules of the game’ included raising discount rates when gold was flowing out, and lowering them when gold was flowing in. By following the rules, central banks could reinforce the ... The timing of thebanking crisis in relation to the downturn inthe real economy was different in the two episodes. Almunia, Bénétrix, Eichengreen, O’Rourke and Rua (ABEOR), in an interesting...
... with valine, the cavity volume increased to 43 A˚3, reflecting a reduction in the surface area of the residue (% 59 A˚2)andintheinteractions occurring there (Fig. 8). Met88 resides in the Fig. ... the M88V mutant (by substitutionusing the same program) for the existence of internal cavities in this region inthe structure. A significant cavity inthe WTphage structure inthe neighboring ... possessing a temperature sensitivegrowth phenotype. Overall, our data show how point sub-stitutions inthe capsid protein, which affect either the packing or the interaction at the protein–RNA interface,result...
... Concentration inthe Brewing Industry’, The Journal of Industrial Economics, 19-3 (1971), p. 206.; PELES, Y., ‘Economies of scale in advertising beer and cigarettes’, The Journal of Business, 44-1 ... ‘Firms in a Declining Market: The Brewing Case’ The Journal of Industrial Economics, 13-2 (1965), p.129-153.; BROUWER, M., The European Beer industry; Concentration and competition’ in: DE ... ÂÂĂÂÂ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ Concentration inthe Belgian brewing Industry and the Breakthrough of Lager inthe interwar years by Peter VAN DER HALLEN Economic...
... about what could happen inthebankingsysteminthe event of an increase in interest rates. This paper offers some timely research inputs on these questions. It seeks to obtain measures of the ... stretching out the yield curve is a sound strategy for public debt management, it can generatevulnerabilities inthebanking system. If there is a sense that thebankingsystem is vulnerable in the ... would involve measuring the impact upon the net interest income of a unit change in interest rates. This is sometimes called the earnings perspective”.However, changes in these flows tell an incomplete...
... in the spinal cord of rats with EAE, thus identifying potentialdeterminants for trafficking of these cells to the CNS.These findings are discussed in relation to therapeuticstrategies to interfere ... immunization) of EAE show extensive inflammation involving the white and grey matter (D), with marked demyelination inthe inflammatory areas (F). The majority of the infiltrating inflammatory cells are ... demyelination (Fig. 2E).During the clinical remission phase (day 18), inflamma-tion and demyelination inthe spinal cord were consider-ably diminished (Fig. 3G, 3I) and the number ofinfiltrating...
... was a 2.5-fold increase in apoptosis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and a 4-fold increase in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus (DG). The increased celldeath persisted inthe SVZ and DG ... using a TUNEL assay combined with DAPIcounterstaining to visualize nuclear profiles. To combineTUNEL staining with immunofluorescence staining fordifferent cell lineage markers, TUNEL staining ... more prominent in treatedanimals than in controls at day 1 (but not at day 56) in the SVZ and were found inthe DG at both time points (datanot shown). The DG was the only tissue in which theseunlabeled...
... aproportion of the neurons inthe brainstem and the stainingpattern was similar to those of control brains with non-neurological diseases. Inthe microabscesses, iNOS wasrecognized in inflammatory ... (mainly macrophages) in the microabscesses, and some astrocytes (identical in morphology and GFAP immunostaining) surrounding the microabscesses (Fig. 2, C). The iNOS-immunoreactivity in inflammatory ... listeriosis. The involvement of iNOS in bovine and caprinelisteriosis has been reported previously, and the increasedexpression of iNOS and the resultant NO generation wereconfirmed in brains with...
... of the crisis inthe early 1990s, however, the U.S. banks were the first to get back in. Over the course of the financial roller-coasters in Argentina and Brazil in 2001-02, the U.S. banks initially ... dominate U.S. international lending. Their share increased from 55% in 1984 to 73% in 2005. This stands in sharp contrast to the dwindling shares of medium-term claims (31% in 1984 to 20% in ... modest exposure inthe region. In Latin America, U.S. banks led the pullout at the onset of the debt crisis in early 1980s. Throughout the 1980s, they consistently cut exposure inthe region. Upon...
... inthe print industry.22 In Letters on Education (1790), Catherine Macaulay argued that the ‘advantages of printing, by rendering easy the communication ofideas, giving an universality to their ... generate these values, could be contained. The emotional intensity of the backlash against the intrusionsof these subaltern groups suggests the importance of readingthese developments in ways ... the information revol-ution’ in our own age. Although rooted inthe printing press ratherthan computers (the Internet or World-Wide Web, electronicpublishing), it was similarly discussed in...
... Studying the determinants: the next steps 233. The evidence base for interventions to counteract obesity 24 Main messages 24 Introduction 24 Interventions in micro-settings 25 Interventions in ... programmes. The literature supports an emphasis on interventions combining instruction in healthier eat-ing with a structured approach to increasing physical activity inthe workplace (96). Workplace interventions ... documented intheUnitedStates (15). Obesity reduces life expectancy. The Framingham study intheUnitedStates showed that obesity at age 40 years led to a reduction in life expectancy of 7 years in...
... aboutspecific incidents, do provide strong indicationsthat the Chinese are harnessing the Internet and the growing usage of computers in Dharamsala as avaluable vehicle for their intelligence gathering. The ... which is otherwisedifficult to pin-point inthe aggregated traffic anal-ysis. In combination, these approaches constitute apowerful means to find a needle inthe haystack.After introducing the two ... used for the Server Mes-sage Block (SMB) file-sharing protocol on Win-dows machines. Since the majority of machines in San Jose run Linux, we were curious and investi-gated them further. 99.37%...
... substantial increases in costs. They are designed to standardize and optimize ‘through chain’ industry management practices within the constraints of the existing system. They facilitate the means ... term sustainability of the industry (AusAID (CARD) 2009). In summary these include: ã Addressing key market issues: ensuring small scale producers have a stronger standing inthe industry as ... multiple business enterprises, including acting as a market chain middleman, and has a fish feeding business. These examples highlight not only the complexity and diversity of farmers inthe industry...