weaknesses of case control study
Báo cáo y học: "Comparative study of control selection in a national population -based case-control study: Estimating risk of smoking on cancer deaths in Chinese men"
... con-sistent pattern of the effect of smoking on risk of can-cer deaths. TABLE 1. Characteristics of cases and two control groups: Population-based case- control study of smoking on risk of cancer deaths ... offer specific suggestions that we believe are useful in choosing controls within the framework of the study principles. SUBJECTS AND METHODS National Mortality Survey and Case- Control Study ... conducted as the study base. Cases and two groups of controls were obtained within the study base: 130,079 males who died of smoking-related cancers at age 35 or over were de-fined as cases. These...
- 9
- 532
- 1
The Diesel Exhaust in Miners Study: A Nested Case–Control Study of Lung Cancer and Diesel Exhaust pptx
... cause of death; 80% of control subjects who were current smokers of one or more packs per day died of a smoking-related cause compared with 60% of control subjects who never smoked.This study ... truncated at the date of death of the matched case subject. We identified 650 eligible control subjects and interviewed 611 (94.0%) of them or their next of kin (if the control subject was deceased ... lung cancer. Of the 217 eligible case subjects identified, we interviewed 213 (98.1%) of their next of kin. Control Subject Selection for the Nested Case Control Study Based on incidence density...
- 14
- 328
- 0
báo cáo hóa học:" A MIF haplotype is associated with the outcome of patients with severe sepsis: a case control study" pdf
... 1 of 8(page number not for citation purposes)Journal of Translational MedicineOpen AccessResearchA MIF haplotype is associated with the outcome of patients with severe sepsis: a case control ... LG: The SOFA (Sepsis-related OrganFailure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. On behalf of the Working Group on Sepsis-RelatedProblems of the European Society of Intensive ... comparableto both control groups. However, the genotype and allele frequencies of both polymorphisms wereassociated significantly with the outcome of severe sepsis. The highest risk of dying from...
- 8
- 554
- 0
Báo cáo hóa học: "Prognostic impact of clinical course-specific mRNA expression profiles in the serum of perioperative patients with esophageal cancer in the ICU: a case control study" potx
... Prognostic impact of clinical course-specific mRNA expression profiles in the serum of perioperativepatients with esophageal cancer in the ICU: a case control study. Journal of Translational ... line refer to IL-6 mRNA, IL-6,mean of normal IL-6 level in plasma, and predictive cut-off level of IL-6 mRNA, respectively. (c) SPSS software analysis of the AUC of the ROCcurve was 0.809 and 0.453 ... Journal of Translational Medicine 2010, 8:103http://www.translational-medicine.com/content/8/1/103Page 8 of 11Recently, the use of gene-expression profiling on atranscriptome level of peripheral...
- 11
- 746
- 0
Báo cáo hóa học: "Case-Control study of Firefighters with documented positive tuberculin skin test results using Quantiferon-TB testing in comparison with Firefighters with negative tuberculin skin test results" potx
... effectively monitored our working population. 12.9% of the 148 cases, and 3.2% of the 220 controls had a positive QFT result. Another 14.8% of cases and 4.5% of controls hadconditionally positive QFT results. ... direct part of the study, we noted that a subset of the subject cases (35) have hadrecent TBST's (within the last 3 years) as part of theirongoing medical evaluations. Only 4 of the cases had ... (34.0%) of the total 368 firefighters,and were equally distributed among cases and controls.For all positive TBST cases, 47 (31.8%) of 148 were posi-tive for MA, while 78 (35.5%) of 220 positive...
- 7
- 360
- 0
báo cáo hóa học: " The role of cumulative physical work load in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis – a case-control study in Germany" potx
... by caseswould lead to an overestimation of risks. Otherwise, anon-differential overestimation of physical workload (inboth cases and control subjects) would lead to an under-estimation of ... and a non-differential approach tocases and controls. Participants were not informed of thespecific aims of the study. They were asked to participatein a study concerning the theme 'occupation ... tertile of exposed control subjects comprised morethan 10% of all (exposed plus non-exposed) control sub-jects, a high-dose category was generated according to the95th percentile of control...
- 8
- 518
- 0
báo cáo hóa học:" Predictive value of ovarian stroma measurement for cardiovascular risk in polycyctic ovary syndrome: a case control study" pptx
... number of follicles, whereas it is notexpression of PCOS endocrine impairment.In this study, reproducibility of the measurements of stromal volume was very close to that of ovarian volumeand of ... distance from the leading edge of the second echogenic line of the far walls of the distalsegment of the common carotid artery, the carotidbifurcation, and the initial tract of internal carotid arteryon ... and dou-bling of cross-sectional ovarian area, observed by ultra-sound, has been shown to be expression of a markedincrease (33%) of cortical portion, and of a five-foldincrease of medullar...
- 7
- 422
- 0
báo cáo hóa học:" Double disadvantage: a case control study on health-related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease" potx
... disadvantage: a case control study on health-related quality of life in children with sickle celldisease. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 2010 8:121.Hijmans et al. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes ... and Quality of Life Outcomes 2010, 8:121http://www.hqlo.com/content/8/1/121Page 6 of 8RESEARC H Open AccessDouble disadvantage: a case control study onhealth-related quality of life in children ... thesubjective HRQoL of children with SCD.While interpreting the results of this study, s trengthsand limitations should be taken into account. Findings of this study are strengthened by the use of a well-stan-dardized...
- 8
- 466
- 0
Báo cáo y học: " ncremental cost effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors for the prevention of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ulcers: a pharmacoeconomic analysis linked to a case-control study" potx
... than in the cases (cases 14 (13.5%) and controls 77(27.1%); p = 0.005). Use of selective COX-2 inhibitors wascomparable (cases 17 (16.4%) and controls 50 (17.6%); p =0.77). Use of the preferential ... transportation:Emergency Number of transports Cost manual of Oostenbrink 443.00Regular Number of transports Cost manual of Oostenbrink 212.00Blood products:Packed cells Number of units Cost manual of Oostenbrink ... Number of units Cost manual of Oostenbrink 81.00Fresh frozen plasma Number of units Cost manual of Oostenbrink 154.00Endoscopy Number of procedures Tariff list hospitals 369.71Surgery:Suture of...
- 7
- 381
- 0
báo cáo khoa học: "The efficacy of preopoerative instruction in reducing anxiety following gyneoncological surgery: a case control study" pptx
... treated.2. Methods2.1. Type of the Study This is a qua si-experimental research based on one study group and one control group and it focuses onthe study of the i mpact of systematic preoperativeinstruction ... found that anxiety was experi-enced at a rate of 80% and the fear of not being able toget rid of cancer and the fear of impairment of the qual-ity of life were p articularly effective on anxiety. ... givenare effective in reducing the level of anxiety [14-16].Ozdemir and Pasinlioglu (2009) found in their study on34 study group cases and 32 control group cases under-going hysterectomy with...
- 8
- 365
- 2
Báo cáo y học: "Prescription channeling of COX-2 inhibitors and traditional nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a population-based case–control study" pot
... compared. The study populationconsisted of a random sample of members of the Quebec drugplan (age 18 years or older) who received at least onedispensation of celecoxib (n = 42,422; cases), rofecoxib ... included in the formulary of reimbursed medications.A population-based case control study was conducted inwhich the prevalence of risk factors and the medical histories of patients prescribed ... employee of Pharmacia Corpo-ration at the time the study was conducted.Authors' contributionsYM, as principal investigator of the study, designed andcoordinated the study, interpreted study...
- 10
- 388
- 0
Báo cáo y học: "Association of functional variants of PTPN22 and tp53 in psoriatic arthritis: a case-control study" docx
... collectedsystematically and included age at onset of psoriasis and PsA,and disease pattern. The control individuals (controls) were of similar ethnicity to the patients (cases). Controls for the New-foundland ... al.Page 2 of 3(page number not for citation purposes)Materials and methodsThis study was approved by the local ethics committee of theMemorial University of Newfoundland and University of Toronto. ... cases (10.5%) and controls (10.4%)for this PTPN22 variant (P = 0.96).A total of 207 PsA patients and 199 control individuals weregenotyped in the Toronto population for the R620W variant of PTPN22....
- 3
- 324
- 0
Báo cáo y học: "Detailed analysis of the variability of peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 in German patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a case– control study" docx
... (10.8%) of the healthy controlsincluded in the present study. Three of these resulted in aminoacid substitutions. Nine (8.8%) of the RA patients from thepresent study exhibited five of these ... result of this study, the fre-quency of uncommon PADI4 variants as identified earlier [8]was apparently not different quantitatively or qualitativelybetween patients and controls. Of note, ... combinationsThe frequencies of the PADI4 haplotype combinations foundin our study are presented in Table 1. A detailed description of the variability of exons 2–4 of the PADI4 gene in healthy...
- 6
- 408
- 0
Báo cáo y học: " A 1-year case-control study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis indicates prevention of loss of bone mineral density in both responders and nonresponders to infliximab" docx
... historical control study, with controlsbeing active RA patients followed before the advent of TNF-αblocker therapy and who were treated with methotrexatealone. Such a historical control group is of ... 1 year of infliximab treatment[10]. However, in none of these studies was a control groupincluded, preventing a true estimation of the effect of anti-TNF-a treatment on bone. In this study, ... steroids exhibited lower levels of mark-ers of bone formation markers. Our findings of these usualcorrelations provide validation of the data at baseline.In the study, we were unable to demonstrate...
- 7
- 498
- 0
Báo cáo y học: "Diurnal secretion of growth hormone, cortisol, and dehydroepiandrosterone in pre- and perimenopausal women with active rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot case-control study" ppt
... [4].Several limitations of this study deserve comment. Because of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the accrual of patientswith RA was below the intended number of subjects planned.Consequently, ... 7 of 9(page number not for citation purposes)with RA were evaluated together, patients had a longer dura-tion of RA, and they were on stable doses of prednisone and/or methotrexate – all of ... any results of interest to be hypo-thesis-generating, in that they require confirmation in anindependent, larger group of patients. Additionally, the relativehomogeneity of our study population...
- 9
- 277
- 0
Tìm thêm: hệ việt nam nhật bản và sức hấp dẫn của tiếng nhật tại việt nam xác định các mục tiêu của chương trình xác định các nguyên tắc biên soạn khảo sát các chuẩn giảng dạy tiếng nhật từ góc độ lí thuyết và thực tiễn khảo sát chương trình đào tạo của các đơn vị đào tạo tại nhật bản khảo sát chương trình đào tạo gắn với các giáo trình cụ thể xác định thời lượng học về mặt lí thuyết và thực tế tiến hành xây dựng chương trình đào tạo dành cho đối tượng không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam điều tra với đối tượng sinh viên học tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ1 khảo sát thực tế giảng dạy tiếng nhật không chuyên ngữ tại việt nam nội dung cụ thể cho từng kĩ năng ở từng cấp độ mở máy động cơ lồng sóc mở máy động cơ rôto dây quấn đặc tuyến tốc độ rôto n fi p2 động cơ điện không đồng bộ một pha thông tin liên lạc và các dịch vụ phần 3 giới thiệu nguyên liệu từ bảng 3 1 ta thấy ngoài hai thành phần chủ yếu và chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất là tinh bột và cacbonhydrat trong hạt gạo tẻ còn chứa đường cellulose hemicellulose chỉ tiêu chất lượng theo chất lượng phẩm chất sản phẩm khô từ gạo của bộ y tế năm 2008 chỉ tiêu chất lượng 9 tr 25