wave boundary layer interactions in hypersonic flows

... Simulation of Hypersonic Shock Wave Boundary- Layer Interactions 314 Graham V Candler Shock Wave Boundary- Layer Interactions Occurring in Hypersonic Flows in the Upper ... of Shock Wave Boundary- Layer Interactions in Hypersonic Flows 259 6.1 Introduction 6.2 SBLI in Laminar Two-Dimensional and Axisymmetric Hypersonic Flows 6.2.1 Introduction ... Shock Wave Laminar Boundary- Layer Interactions at High Mach Number 7.2.2 Hypersonic Compression-Corner Flows 7.2.3 Hypersonic Shock-Shock Interactions 7.3 Numerical Methods for Hypersonic Shock Boundary- Layer...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

... the structure of the boundary layer near the stretching/ shrinking surface The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation, ... http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/6/1/314 It is worth mentioning that while modeling the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of stretching/ shrinking surfaces, the boundary conditions that are usually applied ... steady boundary layer shear flow over a stretching/shrinking sheet in a nanofluid was studied numerically The governing partial differential equations were transformed into ordinary differential...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... variation of velocity within the boundary layer as Le increases The velocity increases as Le increases As Le increases, the temperature and concentration within the boundary layer decrease and the ... analysis for the combined convection along a non-isothermal wedge in a porous medium All these studies were concerned with Newtonian fluid flows The boundary layer flows in nano fluids have been ... Cheng-Minkowycz problem for natural convective boundary layer flow in a porous medium saturated by a nanofluid Int J Heat Mass Transf 2009, 52:5792-5795 Nield DA, Kuznetsov AV: Thermal instability in...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... a new internal layer, defined in the mean sense, within the boundary layer Immediately downstream of the disturbance in surface heat flux, changes in the boundary layer are contained within a region ... model of the boundary layer incorporating these observations was proposed by Adrian et al (2000), who suggested that the main structure in the boundary layer is the hairpin packet, shown in Figure ... shown in Figure 3.6 Figure 3.6: Growth in the Boundary Layer and Internal Layer Between Measurement Points The thickness of the layers at these locations was determined experimentally using the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/11/2014, 07:08

... electrostatic interactions [60] (d) For the Transient RNA–protein interactions in RNA folding human mRNA-binding protein hnRNP A1 [61], the Xenopus laevis protein X1rbpa [54], the trypanosome guideRNA-binding ... RNA–protein interactions in RNA folding M Doetsch et al Tat peptide induced a change in the population of coexisting and interchanging RNA conformations The lack of intermolecular NOE connectivities indicated ... molecules during their folding process or during their assembly into RNP complexes Static versus transient interactions RNA folding reactions can be modulated either by tight binding to proteins, establishing...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... cob(I)alamin from CH3-H4-folate, generating H4-folate and the methylcob(III)alamin form of MS During primary turnover, the homocysteine-binding domain (dotted barrel) and the CH3-H4-folate binding-domain ... form of hMS During reactivation of hMS, the FMN domain of MSR (light grey) and the C-terminal activation of hMS (grid-barrel) interact with the cobalamin-binding domain For more information on ... plates containing 100 lgÆmL)1 zeocin Several transformed colonies were streaked onto plates containing 1000 lgÆmL)1 zeocin to select for colonies containing multiple copies of the integrated cDNA...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... the hinge loop after ligation Also in this case no clashes were detected at Electrostatic interactions and antitumor RNases the dimer interface of the models or in the surroundings of the hinge ... homologous to the RNases investigated in this study, have been isolated from human eosinophils, namely eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) They are RNases ... two probes dilute from labeled into unlabeled bilayers A vesicle population containing 0.6% (v ⁄ v) N-(lissamine rhodamine sulphonyl)-diacylphosphatidylethanolamine as acceptor and 1% (v ⁄ v)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... disease 8, Predicting Drug Interactions Involving Rifamycins Knowledge of the mechanisms of drug interactions can help predict the likelihood of an interaction, if that specific combination of drugs ... rifampin induces the activity of the CYP2C19 and CYPD6 isozymes The rifamycins vary in their potential as CYP450 inducers, with rifampin being most potent, rifapentine intermediate, and rifabutin ... K, Gerstoft J, Pedersen C Pharmacokinetic interaction between rifampin and the combination of indinavir and low-dose ritonavir in HIVinfected patients Clin Infect Dis Feb 2004;38(3):426-429 Ribera...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... repeatedly in studies of the oligomerization of GPCRs and other protein–protein interactions [34–40] In these studies, BRET has been measured using Rluc and enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) ... AT1aD359-GFP2 displayed similar binding characteristics in a [I125]angiotensin II whole cell binding assay (data not shown) These observations are in excellent agreement with the findings of another group ... alternate interpretation of the lack of agonist-induced BRET observed in this study is that the translation of agonist binding to the ATDs of the family C GPCR homodimer into G-protein coupling of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... the CSQ-binding element JUN, show decreased protein–protein interactions during fiber type shifting and the ageing process Reduced protein coupling between the major elements regulating Ca2+homeostasis ... heterogeneous protein–protein interactions Slow CSQ might be involved in a more indirect type of physiological coupling process in transformed fibers, while fast CSQ appears to be a directly interacting endogenous ... changes in protein interactions between other SR Ca2+-regulatory proteins might also be involved in triggering impaired triadic signal transduction resulting in a progressive functional decline of...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 10:20

... expansions, encoding polyglutamine tracts in different proteins, suggesting that these diseases may involve overlapping molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis involving toxic gainof-function of ... made in identifying genetic factors contributing to PD in recent years [135] Low concordance for clinical disease in monozygotic twins indicates environmental in uences on PD [136], and the finding ... causing HD: an expanded CAG repeat in the gene encoding a protein that came to be known as huntingtin [5] Normal individuals have 10–34 CAG repeats in this gene 2348 T L Spires and A J Hannan Individuals...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

... However, it is interesting that the guanine amino group may be in uenced by this contact We compared the interaction energies in both a planar and a nonplanar guanine G9 amino group The HF interaction ... in the planar guanine amino group was computed to be 55 kJÆmol)1 (40 kJÆmol)1 in the nonplanar guanine amino group), 25 kJÆmol)1 in total interaction energy (7 kJÆmol)1 in the nonplanar guanine ... Effects of minor groove binding drugs on the interaction of TATA box binding protein and TFIIA with DNA Biochemistry 33, 7033–7040 Welch JJ, Rauscher FJ & Beerman TA (1994) Targeting DNA-binding drugs...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 22:20

... Ala72 in Nedd8, and Arg72 in ubiquitin (highlighted in yellow in Fig 2C) Matching E1 residues are Thr149 in uba2, Arg190 in uba3 and Gln608 in uba1 (highlighted in purple in Fig 3E) Interestingly, ... SP-RING domain, a SUMO interaction motif (SIM) and a C-terminal domain (CTD) [39] (B) Pc2 contains an uncharacterized E3 domain, a ubc9 binding domain and a Pro-Ile-Asp-Leu-Ser motif involved in substrate ... domain [1,42,44,45] Except for the SP-RING domain, no homology has been found between PIAS proteins and single-chain ubiquitin E3 ligases NSE2a and TOPORS, two other proteins that contain RING...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... other protein– bilin interactions, as studies with blocking reagents and of autoassembly kinetics have implied [15–17] In free PCB at neutral pH the two central ring nitrogens share a single proton, ... expressed as C-terminally His6-tagged apoproteins in E coli, purified and tested for PCB-binding, apoprotein folding, Pr–Pfr photochromicity and thermal reversion using SDS ⁄ PAGE ⁄ zinc fluorescence ... module (the N-terminal chromophore binding PAS ⁄ GAF domains), the missing PHY domain precluding the formation of bona fide Pfr There may also be other problems in extrapolating from 1ZTU to the...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 11:20

... protein–RNA interactions in virus stability is not completely understood, and we have investigated these questions in this work We sought to determine the role of protein–RNA and protein–protein interactions ... covalently link them To facilitate purification, both dlFG and a single-chain dimer, sc-dlFG, contain an N-terminal six-histidine nickelaffinity tag Using intrinsic fluorescence of Trp residues, extrinsic ... conserved arginine-rich RNA binding motif in cowpea chlorotic mottle virus capsid protein results in virion structural alterations and RNA packaging constraints J Virol 79, 3277–3288 Dertinger D,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 11:20

... Characterization of single-cysteine mutations in ecIII Determination of protein concentration and substrate content Protein concentrations were determined using the bicinchoninic acid assay with bovine serum ... important in NADP(H)-binding and possibly also coupling to proton translocation [4,13] The corresponding regions in ecIII are indicated in an NMR-derived structural model (Fig 1) and in the amino-acid ... two subdomains A and 1B [5] The 1B subdomain has a Rossman fold responsible for binding NAD(H) in a novel mode as compared to other NAD(H)-binding enzymes [5] By using NMR in combination with...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 09:20

... stretching surface; boundary layer flow; series solutions; exponential stretching 1 Introduction During the last many years, the study of boundary layer flow and heat transfer over a stretching surface ... is shown in Figure It is depicted that with the increase in N b, the temperature profile increases There is a minimal change in θ with the increase in Le (see Figure 5) The results remain unchanged ... of Le on g are shown in Figure It is observed that g decreases as well as layer thickness reduces with the increase in Le However, with the increase in N t, g increases and layer thickness reduces...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... nonlinear age-structured population model Nonlinear Anal Real World Appl 8, 1096–1112 (2007) [14] Geng, F.-Z.: Solving singular second order three-point boundary value problems using reproducing ... machine learning and precessing image Recently, using the reproducing kernel method, Cui and Geng [12, 13, 14, 15, 16] have make much effort to solve some special boundary value problems According ... but satisfying that 𝛾3 is linearly independent of 𝛾1 and 𝛾2 It is easy to know that 𝛾1 , 𝛾2 , 𝛾3 are linearly independent in 𝐾𝑒𝑟𝐿 Then from [18, 19], it is easy to know one of the inner products...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... is solved in the interval [0, L] instead of [0, ∞) This leads to the mapping η ξ +1 = L − ≤ ξ ≤ 1, (2:18) where L is the scaling parameter used to invoke the boundary condition at infinity We ... linearization method [26-28], has been used successfully to solve nonlinear equations that govern the flow of fluids in bounded domains In this article, boundary layer equations are solved using ... after incorporating the boundary conditions (2.30) Thus, starting from the initial approximation, which is obtained from (2.28), higher-order approximations fi,m(ξ) for m ≥ 1, can be obtained...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... to inoculate a preculture The bacteria were allowed to grow in ampicillin-containing nutrient broth medium at 37°C overnight These cultures were used to inoculate l of a main culture containing ... and dried in airflow The binary complexes were obtained by mixing 10 μl of μM solutions of appropriate individual proteins in 50 KP, pH 7.4 Then, the mixture was incubated for 10 min, diluted ... determined using the software Biaeval 4.1 Averaged binding curves for the interaction between Ad and varying CYP11A1 concentrations were fitted simultaneously using the 1:1 Langmuir-binding model...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20