watershed management and hydrology

... provide estimates of spatial and temporal distributions of both soil loss and net sediment deposition, sediment delivery rates and amounts from field and watershed areas, and the size distribution ... erosion are tillage and thawing The mechanisms of consolidation, time, and suction, were studied by Nearing et al.78 for a clay soil and by Nearing and West79 for fine sand, silt loam, and clay soils ... rainfall intensity and slope gradient decrease and as surface cover and roughness increase because of a resultant reduction in transport capacity of thin overland flow.46,48–49 Miller and Baharuddin50...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... fixation by groundnut and soybean and residual nitrogen benefits to rice farmers’ fields in Northeast Thailand, Plant and Soil, 175, 45, 1995 Anderson, R V., Coleman, D S and Cole, C V., Effects ... Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota, eastern Colorado, southeastern Washington, Arizona, and central and southern 43 California Lee and Nielsen used Madison’s and Burnett’s data together ... were sparse The studies of Madison and Brunitee42 and Lee and Nielson43 indicated there is a higher occurrence and prediction of NO3 in groundwater in the central and western U.S than other parts...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... environment are important factors in understanding the potential for, and impacts of, P transport through watersheds in agricultural and native landscapes The fate and transport of P depend to a great ... growth and makeup of both upland and wetland natural ecosystems Different plants need P in different amounts, so the P concentration in an ecosystem affects the makeup of the ecosystem in both uplands ... algae growth and resulting in oxygen depletion and a fish kill) © 2001 by CRC Press LLC Effective P control strategies depend on an understanding of the fate and transport of P in the watershed...

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... were no-tillage and preemergent, disk and pre-emergent, plow and pre-emergent, disk and preplant incorporated, and plow and preplant incorporated In total, 63.5 and 127 mm of rainfall were applied ... D., and Baker, J L., Monitoring pesticide runoff and leaching from four farming systems in field scale Coastal Plain watersheds in Maryland, in Agrichemical Fate and Movement, Perspective and ... potential index value 5.3.2 WATERSHED AND FIELD-SCALE STUDIES Atrazine and some of the other triazine herbicides have also been detected frequently in groundwater in many plot and watershed studies Hallberg24...

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... manure P and K is to reduce erosion and runoff from fields Conserving manure N also requires erosion and runoff control, proper handling, storage, treatment, and timing of manure applications and ... pumped and handled with liquid manure handling equipment It can also be handled with a front-end loader and a box-type or flail-type spreader Piston, helical rotor, submerged centrifugal, and positive ... discharge loads for organic carbon, total N, and total P for a completely forested watershed, a cropland/riparian forest watershed, and a pasture-dominated watershed for a 4-year period in the Rhodes...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... sediment by 70% and phosphorus by 60% in subbasins where practices were applied, and to improve fish and wildlife habitat, aesthetics, and recreational uses of Rock Creek Between 1981 and 1986, 182 ... source pollution in arid and semiarid areas of the western United States and elswhere is the result of irrigating land in these areas Thus, developing and implementing practical and effective measures ... and elevation changes, and clogging of emitters or microsprinklers Other components include mixing of emitter sizes and types, emitter wear and aging, leaks, pressure regulator variability, and...

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... field ditches Land grading is the shaping of the land surface with scrapers and land planes to planned surface grades Land smoothing removes small depressions and irregularities in the land surface ... concentrations under no-tillage and conventional tillage, respectively, were 29.4 and 35.6 mg/L at 1.2 m, 19.6, and 26.5 mg/L at 1.8, 18.5, and 13.9 mg/L at 3.0 m, and 2.4 and 4.5 mg/L at 4.6 m The ... LLC and groundwater and tile outflow under conventional tillage and conservation tillage on Rhinebeck sandy clay loam and variant clay loam soils Low concentrations of atrazine (0.2–0.4 ␮g/L) and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... parameter model Distributed (up to 10 subwatersheds) Distributed/ lumped Lumped parameter Field Field Watershed Watershed Watershed Watershed Watershed (Hutson and Wagenet 43) use mechanistic relationships ... Lillesand, T M and R W Kiefer, Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation, 2nd ed John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY, 1987 84 Johnes, P J., Evaluation and Management of the Impact of Land Use ... water and chemicals through soil profile Predicts surface and root zone hydrologic and water quality response Predicts pesticide and nitrogen fate in surface and crop root zone Predicts surface and...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... precision and sensitivity required Relationships among selected variables (land use and management practices) and the measured continuous response variables (sediment and chemical concentrations and ... pests and management costs, Agricultural Ecosystems and the Environment, 59, 1, 1996 54 Ewing, R P., M G Wagger, and H P Denton, Tillage and cover crop management effects on soil water and corn ... labor, and information management Costs associated with construction and maintenance Cropland taken out of production Cropland taken out of production Sediment, sediment-bound, biological and soluble...

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... field and laboratory activities Elements of the plan focus on all aspects of • • • • • • • management (e.g., staffing and management hierarchy) training of field and laboratory staff standard ... conducted and the types of measurements that are made Diffuse pollution results from the interaction between uncontrollable (and largely unpredictable) weather events and the landscape The landscape ... topography (for surface runoff) and hydrogeology (for © 2001 by CRC Press LLC groundwater contributions) In unit-source catchments (those in which land use and land management is the same throughout),...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 20 GIS FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Figures 2.7a and 2.7 b Generated and measured channel networks for (a) channels of third and higher Strahler ... and Remote Sensing ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF AUTOMATED WATERSHED SEGMENTATION 23 Figures 2.8a and 2.8b Channel network composition: (a) length and area ratios, RL and RA; (b) bifurcation and ... terrain consists of gently rolling hills, and land use is predominantly rangeland with some cultivated areas The source and the outlet of Bills Creek are at 420 m and 336 m above MSL, respectively With...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... Processes and Landforms, 13:305–320 Moore, I D., and G R Foster, 1990 Hydraulics and overland flow In Process Studies in Hillslope Hydrology, Anderson, M G and T P Burt, Eds., John Wiley and Sons, ... Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 28 GIS FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT of a channel network and mapping of a distribution of elevations, slopes, aspects, flow path lengths, and upslope ... Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 35 36 GIS FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Figure 3.16 TIN-DEM for the Ina basin Table 3.5 The Number of Triangles and Vertices after Processed...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... Vegetation within the watershed is representative of the transition zone between the Chihuahua and Sonoran deserts, and is composed primarily of grassland and shrub-steppe rangeland vegetation Underlying ... Experimental Watershed ranges between 1190 and 2150 m A.M.S.L Some urbanization exists in and around the town of Tombstone, but cattle grazing and recreational activities are the major land uses ... Walnut Gulch’s history as a research site into various aspects of hydrology and natural resource management and its extensive rainfall and runoff database, it was decided that the GIS database would...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT GIS coverages was guided by hydrologic research needs (Goodrich et al., 1994) and an effort to support both distributed and lumped parameter watershed modeling ... importance of and need for landscape derived data and to the increasing availability of DEMs and software products that derive topographic data from DEMs In the field of water resources and hydrology, ... resolution and quality, and degree of watershed segmentation and drainage density are addressed below Topographic GIS Coverages A DEM with a horizontal and vertical resolution of 30 × 30 meters and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... developed and reported by Thenkabail and Nolte (1996, 1995a) In this chapter two Landsat TM images (path 192 and row 54 and path 197 and row 52, [(see Figure 8. 1and 8.2; and Table 8.1 for details and ... the cultivation intensities of inland valleys and their uplands, and studying the land-use characteristics of inland valley bottoms and fringes, and their uplands The paper briefly outlined the ... position Areas on uplands, at fringes, and in valley bottoms with forest and savanna vegetation and scattered farmlands (classes 2, 8, and 11) have > 10% and < 30% of cultivation and can be termed...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... area = AREA divided by watershed length AREA4 and A4, AREA7 and A7, AREA10 and 10 = areas and % of AREA with slopes < 4, and 10° MSLP100, ASLP100, MSLP200, ASLP200 = maximum and mean slope within ... Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 104 GIS FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Table 9.1 Definitions of Watershed Parameters Used in Correlation and Regression Analyses CLIMATE ... of watershed with aspect between and 90(°) PA90 = % of AREA with aspects between and 90° ASP100 and ASP200 = mean area-weighted aspect inside 100 and 200 m buffers along perennial streams WATERSHED...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 118 GIS FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT REFERENCES Anderson, J.R., E.E Hardy, J.T Roach, and R.E Witmer, 1976 A Land Use and Land Cover Classification ... Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 114 GIS FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Figure 10.3 APES 1990 land use/land cover land” 3.3%, and “barren land” 0.2% (Figure 10.3) In general, the study area ... Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 112 GIS FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Accuracy and Errors The first task was to define which level of land use to utilize Landsat land use classification...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... Folliott, H Gregersen, and J Thames, 1991 Hydrology and the Management of Watersheds Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA Gray, D.M., Ed., 1970 Handbook on the Principles of Hydrology Reprint National ... examine watershed features and to monitor and track cumulative effects across this critical watershed REFERENCES Abe, K., and R.R Ziemer, 1991, Effect of tree roots on shallow-seated land slides ... the subwatersheds The northern-most subwatersheds (Mud, Rock, and Deer Creeks) generally have lower forest cover area and higher suspended sediment concentrations (Table 11.1) than those subwatersheds...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... 130 GIS FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Figure 12.1 Lake Okeechobee and associated ecosystem studies scums and unpleasant tastes and odors, raised concerns about declining ... submerged plants, macroinvertebrates, and zooplankton; (5) distribution and abundance patterns and the reproductivity and foraging ecology of wading birds; and (6) larval and juvenile fish The project ... American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 134 GIS FOR WATER RESOURCES AND WATERSHED MANAGEMENT Figure 12.3 Locational module object model ment site and their associations The GIS client...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20