water softening using ion exchange

... Properties of ion exchangers 289 12.5.3 Application: Water softening using ion exchange 292 12.5.4 Application: Reduction of acidity in fruit juices 293 13 Distillation ... Molecular (diffusion based) separation Adsorption Distillation Extraction Bleaching of edible oils Alcohol production Vegetal oils Mechanical transformation Size reduction Mixing Emulsification Homogenizing ... 1.6 Water activity 13 1.6.1 The importance of water in foods 13 1.6.2 Water activity, definition and determination 14 1.6.3 Water activity: prediction 14 1.6.4 Water...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... Introduction 25.1.2 Ionizing radiations 25.1.3 Radiation s uc s o re 25.1.4 Interaction with matter 25.1.5 Radiation d s oe 25.1.6 C e i a a d biological effects of ionizing irradiation h mc ... x Contents 12.5 Ion e c a g xhn e 2.5.1 B sc principles 2.5.2 Properties of ion e c a g r x h n es 2.5.3 Application: W t r softening using ion e c a g ae xhn e 12.5.4 Application: R d ci n of ... operation ytm n 24.2.4 Health a p cs of fried foods s et 24.3 B kn a d roasting aig n Ionizing irradiation a d other non-thermal preservation po e s s n r c se 25.1 Preservation b ionizing radiations...

Ngày tải lên: 05/04/2014, 22:46

... effects of initial H2O2 concentration, initial pH of the solution and initial PCB concentration on the degradation of PCBs in water matrix - 10 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, ... degradation efficiency of 79% after 60 minutes of reaction The amount of PCBs in the solution may have inhibited the degradation of the compound and it is possible that competition for UV irradiation ... solution then becomes constant until about 120 minutes except for the 35.29mM run This maybe attributed to dechlorination occurring in the early stages of the reaction and/or formation of reaction...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... sample as a whole 1586 II / ION EXCHANGE / Inorganic Ion Exchangers Table Principal applications of zeolites as ion exchangers Application Type of zeolite frequently used Ion exchange process Detergent ... II / ION EXCHANGE / Inorganic Ion Exchangers 1587 Incomplete ion exchange reactions In some cases, some of the cations are constrained within the structure and are nonexchangeable Such cations ... conditions; however, practical ion exchange may have also kinetic limitations A particular example of when the desired ion Figure The principal reasons for limitations to ion exchange reactions...

Ngày tải lên: 09/05/2014, 17:01

... permission.) The sodium form is used as a strong acid cation exchanger, the sodium ion being the ion for which the resin has least selectivity 162 I / ION EXCHANGE / Derivatization Anion functionality ... hydrometallurgy In some of these applications ion exchangers with lower capacities can be effective The Theory of Ion Exchange Ion Exchange Equilibria When an ion exchange solid is allowed to reach ... create ion exchange properties These are known as ‘ionogenic’ groups and are either ionized, or capable of dissociation into Rxed ions and mobile counterions In an inorganic exchanger the ionogenic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/05/2014, 17:01

... implantation, the QD GS luminescence peak (P10 ) from the implanted region is blue shifted with respect to peak P1 from the un-implanted region Under the implantation and annealing conditions used ... region of the device structures annealed with and without implantation For the un-implanted region, the QD ground state (GS) luminescence peaks at 1015 nm (P1) Due to enhanced interdiffusion ... respectively Thermal population of QD ES depends on the energy separation between the GS and ES (DE in Fig 1) The separation between consecutive energy levels in the conduction band calculated from...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20

... Physiological Plant Ecology II Water relations and carbon assimilation, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 1982, pp 589-613 [9] Cregg B.M., Seed-source variation in water relations, gas exchange, and needle morphology ... [18, 28, 46, 58] In addition to stomatal limitations, water stress (R2) provokes nonstomatal limitations to CO2 assimilation by reducing %Nneedles and ANneedles The relationship between A/E and ... evaluation and early selection [19] Water stress reduces photosynthesis due to its efect on stomatal aperture and chloroplast dehydration [7, 23, 44] Therefore, under water shortage, transpiration...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... 26.5 CFU in those using the FWE method, 94.9 ± 32.0 CFU in those using the alcohol method, and 126.1 ± 44.5 CFU in those using the water method There were no significant variations in these values ... flow -water hand-washing system using electrolytic products of sodium chloride might be an effective measure for the prevention of nosocomial infection However, further clinical investigation concerning ... such infections include life-threatening medical or surgical conditions, the immunocompromised state, alterations in flora due to exposure to multiple antibiotics, and the disruption of skin...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20

... Disinfection using heating 64 3.3.3 Deoxygenation using Nitrogen bubbling 64 3.4 Detection of disinfectants 64 3.4.1 Determination of chlorine concentration 64 3.4.2 Determination of ozone concentration ... OPTIMIZATION OF 71 ELECTROCHEMICAL DISINFECTION REACTOR 4.1 Preliminary disinfection studies 71 4.1.1 Ultrasonic disinfection 71 4.1.2 Disinfection using Heating 73 4.1.3 Disinfection using deoxygenation ... ballast water and sediment 10 2.1.2 Invasion through “No ballast on board” ships 16 2.2 Regulations for ballast water management 2.2.1.Regulations adopted by the IMO 2.2.1.1 Ballast water exchange...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 14:38

... Modification Table 5-2 Ion exchange capacity of the membranes with different modification rates Table 5-3 Pore size characterization and pure water permeation (PWP) Table 6-1 Running conditions of ... separation by anion exchange membrane partitioned free flow isoelectric focusing (IEM-FFIEF) ………………………………………………………… 158 6.3 Results and discussion ………………………………………………………………159 6.3.1 Confirmation ... CHAPTER INVESTIGATION OF MASS TRANSFER IN THE ION- EXCHANGE MEMBRANE PARTITIONED FREE-FLOW ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING SYSTEM (IEM-FFIEF) FOR PROTEIN SEPARATION……………………86 4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:39

... Simulation of free ligand concentration and population 65 4.13 Variation of population with titration 68 5.1 In-silico drug designed for BH3 groove of hBclXL using ... protein-ligand interactions are: Exchange NOE experiment Saturation transfer difference experiment Waterlogsy experiment HSQC perturbation experiment Relaxation dispersion experiment Isotope ... function (θ = 90○ ) of order one was performed for the acquired dimension and of order two for the indirection dimension Linear prediction was done for indirect dimension before apodization The...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:49

... Co-ions Cation exchange resin (-) Cations (+) Anions (-) Anion exchange resin (+) Anions (-) Cations (+) An ion exchange process can be described as a reaction Suppose that the ion exchange resin ... process Ion exchange resin has an ion exchange capacity After ion exchange, the resin should be regenerated with chemicals Higher feed water salinity increases the operational cost of an ion exchange ... solution The composition of the two main types of ion exchange resin can be summarized in Table 2-1 Table 2-1 Composition of the resins Type of ion exchange Fixed charges Counter-ions Co-ions Cation...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2015, 21:14

... Applications of Ion Exchange Processing Steps Purification Ion Substitution Recovery and Concentration Separation Diffusion Catalysis Dehydration Coalescence on Oleophilic Resins Liquid Ion Exchangers ... in Sections Cation Exchange and Anion Exchange are used in water treatment The composition of raw water is described in detail in Section Water Analysis Figure Summary of the kinds of ion exchange ... Exchangers 12.1.10 Ion- Exchange Membranes 12.2 Technical Considerations Introduction Definition and Principles In ion exchange, ions of a given charge (either cations or anions) in a solution are adsorbed...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2016, 19:13

... words: Hip, Revision, Infection, Biofilm, Antibiotic, Uncemented implants, Allograft, Bone Introduction Infection of a total hip replacement (THR) is considered a devastating complication Due to the ... colonisation is rather the rule than the exception after prolonged persistence of infection10 All these findings indicate that the incidence and dimension of prosthetic joint infection is grossly ... no protection against biofilm colonisation 25-28 Reconstruction of defects seems to be favourable with regard to possible further revisions Allograft bone is widely used for reconstruction of bony...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:53

... Window version (version 1.0.99.61) was used through out the study This version is more user friendly than the DOS version and allows easy manipulation of input data in each window session RESULTS ... Evaluation of the Root Zone Water Quality Model using data from the Iowa MSEA., Agronomy J Vol 91:192-200 Jaynes, D.B., Hatfield, J.L, and Meek, D.W (1999) Water quality in Walnut Creek watershed: ... (1988) Using CREAMS to simulate filter strip effectiveness in erosion control., J Soil Water Conserv Vol.21:108-112 Wu, L., W Chen, J.M Baker, and J.A Lamb (1999) Evaluation of the Root Zone Water...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... solution exhibits lower values than the amount adsorbed in a single solution, therefore, it is clear that there is competitive adsorption of lead ions and calcium ions A drop in lead ion adsorption ... reports regarding the elution of calcium ions and magnesium ions from WB However, calcium ions and magnesium ions are crucial ions for preventing - 79 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, ... concentration (µg/L) and W is the weight of the adsorbent (g) - 75 - Journal of Water and Environment Technology, Vol.4, No.1, 2006 Magnesium ion elution To determine the amount of magnesium ion elution,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... approximation, which is compared to a three-dimensional U-pipe model for a water- filled borehole heat exchanger These two approximations, if appropriate for total heat transfer calculations, may ... groundwater filled borehole heat exchangers Resent publications: Gustafsson, A-M ; Westerlund, L ; Hellström, G CFD-modelling of natural convection in a groundwater-filled borehole heat exchanger ... two approximations mentioned above affect the heat transfer in a groundwater-filled BHE The models are built and simulated in the commercial software Fluent using steady-state conditions and Boussinesq...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... characteristics curves generated during water electrolysis operation [1, 19] 2.6 Ion exchange capacity The ion exchange capacity (IEC) is determined by an acid –base titration method The sample is dried ... purchased from SRL Chemicals India and Nafion 115 membrane, wt% Nafion solution is procured from M/s .Ion power Inc, USA 2.2 Membrane preparation For the preparation of the TiO2 Composite membrane, ... the vessel at atm pressure Results and discussion 3.1 Ion exchange capacity measurement The one of the important characterization of PEM is Ion exchange capacity (IEC) It can be seen that Composite...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... relational databases with ADO 2.1 Discuss the security limitations of the Connection object with Exchange 2000 and briefly mention how to implement security by using COM+ applications Connection ... resources in Exchange 2000 by using the File: and HTTP: schemes and relative URLs ! Implement data searches in Exchange 2000 by using SQL statements Module 3: Accessing Exchange 2000 Data by Using ADO ... Module 3: Accessing Exchange 2000 Data by Using ADO 2.5 # Using ADO 2.5 to Access Exchange 2000 Data Topic Objective To list the topics related to using ADO 2.5 to access Exchange 2000 data !...

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 14:15

... Module 9: Using XML to Exchange Data Demonstration This section provides demonstration procedures that will not fit in the margin notes or are not appropriate for the student notes Using the ... INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Module 9: Using XML to Exchange Data # Overview ! Introduction to XML ! Validating XML Documents ! Using the Document Object Model ! Applying XML in N-Tier Applications ... discuss inorganic chemistry Transition Metals Transition Metals are found in the centre of the periodic table Group Metals Group Metals have a single...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 19:15