viral pathogenesis and toll like receptors

... expression of Toll- like receptor in human cells J Leukoc Biol 2001; 69(3): 474-81 17 Zarember KA, Godowski PJ Tissue expression of human Toll- like receptors and differential regulation of Toll- like receptor ... activate Toll- like receptors at distinct cellular compartments Eur J Immunol 2002; 32(7): 1958-68 22 Muzio M, Bosisio D, Polentarutti N, et al Differential expression and regulation of toll- like receptors ... between toll- like receptors Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97(25): 13766-71 11 Underhill DM, Ozinsky A, Hajjar AM, et al The Toll- like receptor is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 16:23

... involves Toll- like receptors and J Exp Med 2005, 202:1575-1585 Kariko K, Buckstein M, Ni H, Weissman D: Suppression of RNA recognition by Toll- like receptors: the impact of nucleoside modification and ... [32,33] They harbor both TLR7 and TLR9 receptors and are exquisitely sensitive to RNA and DNA stimulation Conventional DCs (cDCs) express and respond to TLR stimuli and might promote autoimmunity ... TLR9 This and other unidentified mechanisms might be responsible for rendering mammalian DNA and RNA from apoptotic and necrotic cells stimulatory to nucleic acid sensing TLRs Toll- like receptors...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:21

... Berg WB, Radstake TR: The expression of toll- like receptors and in rheumatoid arthritis synovium is increased and costimulation of toll- like receptors 3, 4, and 7/8 results in synergistic cytokine ... Kyburz D: Overexpression of toll- like receptors and in synovial tissue from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: toll- like receptor expression in early and longstanding arthritis Arthritis ... Osteoarthritis and Toll- like receptors Synovial inflammation is increasingly recognised as an important pathophysiological process in OA, and endogenous ligands released as a consequence of synovial and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:21

... receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in IFNAR2-/- mice Activationof Toll- like receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in IFNAR2-/- mice (a) B cells were purified from pristane-treated wild-type (WT) or IFNAR2-/- mice, and proliferation ... Expression of Toll- like receptors TLR7 and TLR9 in IFNAR2-/- B cells cells (a) B cells were purified from wild-type (WT) or IFNAR2-/- mice using magnetic beads RNA was extracted and the relative ... dependent on the TAM receptors [29] and both SOCS1-/- and TAM receptor triple-knockout mice develop spontaneous lupus -like autoimmunity [49,50] The expressions of the TAM receptors themselves...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:22

... Non-Microbial Acute inflammation Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity Toll- like receptors (TLRs) NOD -like receptors (NLRs) RIG -like receptors (RLRs) CD4 and CD8 T cells Antigen-specific B cells DEFICIENT innate ... mediated by Toll- like receptor Nature 2001, 410(6832):1099-1103 Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA: Recognition of doublestranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Toll- like receptor ... Species-specific recognition of singlestranded RNA via toll- like receptor and Science 2004, 303(5663):1526-1529 Erridge C: Endogenous ligands of TLR2 and TLR4: agonists or assistants? J Leukoc...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... 165:5392-6 Wetzler LM: The role of Toll- like receptor in microbial disease and immunity Vaccine 2003, 21(Suppl 2):S55-S60 Dabbagh K, Lewis DB: Toll- like receptors and T-helper-1/Thelper-2 responses ... stimulated with TLR ligands or Th1 and Th2 cytokines was investigated We could demonstrate that among the different TLR ligands evaluated poly(I:C), an analog of viral dsRNA and a ligand for TLR3, is ... Receptor small expression in unstimulated and stimulated Toll- like5 primary (TLR) airway epithelial cells (SAEC) Toll- like Receptor (TLR) expression in unstimulated and stimulated primary small airway...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:21

... receptor and toll- like receptors (TLRs) [6-8] Although TLRs are not implicated in the uptake of microorganisms, binding of their ligands activates monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, and triggers ... potential for Toll- like receptors to collaborate with other innate immune receptors Immunology 2004, 112:521-530 Takeda K, Akira S: Regulation of innate immune responses by Toll- like receptors Jpn ... Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S: Toll- like receptors Annu Rev Immunol 2003, 21:335-376 Akira S, Takeda K, Kaisho T: Toll- like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity Nat Immunol...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... member of an expanding toll- like receptor family Gene 1999, 231:59-65 Du X, Poltorak A, Wei Y, Beutler B: Three novel mammalian toll- like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution Eur ... morphogenesis and has many similarities to Toll The extracellular regions of Toll and 18W contain multiple leucine-rich repeats and carboxyl-terminal cysteine-rich domains [12] Drosophila Toll signaling ... TIR, Toll/ IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1) This expanding IL-1R1 -like family includes murine and human proteins, Drosophila (fruit fly) proteins, and a plant (tobacco) protein [7,8] In Drosophila, Toll...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... Homologous to Toll pathway The Toll- like receptor (TLR) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathways, represented as Toll and imd pathways in Drosophila, are arranged in tandem in the mammalian host, and are ... and induces production of proteases and prostaglandins [24] that contribute to inflammation on a local level The IL-1 receptor has Toll/ IL1/resistance (TIR) domains similar to the Toll- like receptors ... mediated by Toll- like receptor Nature 2001, 410:1099-1103 39 Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA: Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-kappaB by Tolllike receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... nervous system in chronic pain: the role of Toll- like receptors Cell Mol Life Sci 2007, 64:1128-1136 69 Tsan MF, Gao B: Endogenous ligands of Toll- like receptors J Leukoc Biol 2004, 76:514-519 doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-134 ... Lehnardt S: Innate immunity and neuroinflammation in the CNS: the role of microglia in Toll- like receptor-mediated neuronal injury Glia 2010, 58:253-263 Kielian T: Toll- like receptors in central nervous ... Stenzel-Poore MP: Toll- like receptor signaling in endogenous neuroprotection and stroke Neuroscience 2009, 158:1007-1020 Carty M, Bowie AG: Evaluating the role of Toll- like receptors in diseases...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Infect Immun 2009, 77:568-575 Medzhitov R: Toll- like receptors and innate immunity Nat Rev Immunol 2001, 1:135-145 Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S: Toll- like receptors Annu Rev Immunol 2003, 21:335-376, ... pneumonia through Toll- like receptors Shock 2011, 36:67-75 doi:10.1186/1423-0127-18-68 Cite this article as: Tsay et al.: Gut flora enhance bacterial clearance in lung through toll- like receptors Journal ... microflora by toll- like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis Cell 2004, 118:229-241 Wang X, Moser C, Louboutin JP, Lysenko ES, Weiner DJ, Weiser JN, Wilson JM: Toll- like receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 10:20

... Res Ther 2011, 13:R33 Kawai T, Akira S: The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll- like receptors Nat Immunol 2010, 11:373-384 Brennan FM, McInnes IB: Evidence ... in rheumatoid arthritis J Clin Invest 2008, 118:3537-3545 Brentano F, Kyburz D, Gay S: Toll- like receptors and rheumatoid arthritis Methods Mol Biol 2009, 517:329-343 Shiozawa K, Hino K, Shiozawa ... A, Giddins G, Feldmann M, Brennan F, Foxwell BM: The Toll- like receptor adaptor proteins MyD88 and Mal/TIRAP contribute to the inflammatory and destructive processes in a human model of rheumatoid...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... imidazoquinolines and singlestranded viral RNA (ssRNA; TLR7 and TLR8) and unmethylated CpG-DNA (TLR9) [13-17] TLR1 and TLR6 only signal as a dimer when combined with TLR2 [18], and the ligand for TLR10 ... Innate immunity and toll- like receptors: clinical implications of basic science research J Pediatr 2004, 144:421-429 Sabroe I, Parker LC, Wilson AG, Whyte MK, Dower SK: Toll- like receptors: their ... innate and adaptive immunity Nat Immunol 2004, 5:971-974 Medzhitov R: Toll- like receptors and innate immunity Nat Rev Immunol 2001, 1:135-145 Gelman AE, Zhang J, Choi Y, Turka LA: Toll- like receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 16:20

... cell lines expressing Toll- like receptors J Immunol 2000, 164:966-972 Liu S, Salyapongse AN, Geller DA, Vodovotz Y, Billiar TR: Hepatocyte toll- like receptor expression in vivo and in vitro: role ... innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll- like receptors Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:13766-13771 Vasselon T, Detmers PA: Toll receptors: a central element in innate immune responses ... of well-conserved germline receptors This system is now known to involve soluble components and complex interaction or co-segregation of receptors; for example, RP105 and TLR4 heterodimers at the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... Richard JU: Toll- like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response Nature 2000, 406(6797):782-787 Means TK, Wang S, Lien E, Yoshimura A, Golenbock DT, Fenton MJ: Human toll- like receptors ... genotyping, carried out the statistical analysis, and drafted the manuscript ML and CH interpreted and analyzed the data, and critically revised and approved the manuscript CJC elaborated the design ... carrier and Del/Del genotype, and 92.3% between patients with the 1350 T carrier and CC genotype, using the standard t test formulations with a simple adjustment to the sample sizes in our study and...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... growth, both hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and migration [11] In addition, Nox1 may be important in regulating blood pressure [12] Furthermore, Nox1 shows a relationship with toll- like receptor (TLR) ... related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis or metabolic syndrome The ROS production system of macrophages is variable and complicated, and Nox and its function ... p22phox and the Nox1 regulators NoxA1 and NoxO1 [5], but an increase in Nox1 gene expression is also essential Angiotensin II and platelet-derived growth factor lead to increased Nox1 mRNA levels and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:21

... expression CD40-ligand (CD40L), also known as CD154, is the chief ligand for CD40 and is expressed primarily by activated T cells and platelets [10,11] The interaction of CD40 and CD40L represents ... responses, and enhance efficacy of anti-tumor vaccines [5-7] Toll- like receptor (TLR) signalling can cooperate with CD40 activation in this regard; for example, co-administration of CD40 and TLR9 ligands ... were designed by ELC, JR, and RHV and were performed by ELC ELC and RHV wrote the paper together with RM and JR RM provided all statistical analyses All authors read and approved the final manuscript...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... Cancers take their Toll the function and regulation of Toll- like receptors in cancer cells Oncogene 2008, 27:225-233 10 Rakoff-Nahoum S, Medzhitov R: Toll- like receptors and cancer Nat Rev Cancer ... and GL provided study materials or patients HSB, PS, JG, AB, CW and GL participated in collection and assembly of data CP and AS participated in data analysis and interpretation CB, HSB, AB and ... Tonini G: Toll- like receptor Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in gastric cancer of intestinal and diffuse histotypes Clin Exp Immunol 2008, 154:360-364 16 Kutikhin AG: Impact of Toll- like receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... data and revising the manuscript critically; LB and EB contributed to acquisition, analysis and interpretation of CMS model and behavioural data; JAM and JRC revised the manuscript critically; and ... group values) for pro-inflammatory and oxidative/nitrosative parameters previously analyzed, including LPS and LBP plasma concentrations and TLR4 and MD-2 expression and mRNA levels In this vein, ... pro-inflammatory cytokine transporters at the BBB and cells surrounding the perivascular space; in another humoral pathway, Toll- like receptors (TLRs) on macrophage -like cells residing in the CNS respond...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... sodium pyruvate, and 10% FBS TLR ligands were added to wells and cultured for 24 hours Culture supernatants were removed and assayed for cytokines Tissue pieces were washed and infected with ... with TLR3 and TLR4 ligands, but not TLR2 or TLR9 ligands, inhibited HCMV infection Time dependence of TLR stimulation for HCMV inhibition and IL-8 production The effect of timing of TLR-ligand exposure ... Figure IL-8 secretion and HCMV inhibition in HFF induced by TLR ligands IL-8 secretion and HCMV inhibition in HFF induced by TLR ligands HFF cells were cultured to 95% confluency and stimulated with...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20