vehicle crash pulse and driver chest deceleration

... change of hand position, keep your hands on the outside of the rim When turning, take your inside hand (i.e if turning right, use your right hand) and bring it over toward your outside hand, but ... hand while letting it slip through your outside hand With your hands almost straight across from one another, regrip the wheel with your outside hand and push the wheel through your inside hand ... certain conditions and give you an understanding of the proper procedures to use in order to maintain control of your vehicle You are about to learn a great deal about car control and yourself MOST...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... Optimal Drive and Brake Force Distribution 2.7 F Vehicles With More Than Two Axles 2.8 F Vehicles on a Crest and Dip 2.8.1 F Vehicles on a Crest 2.8.2 F Vehicles on a Dip ... Fundamentals We introduce and review some topics about tires, wheels, roads, vehicles, and their interactions These subjects are needed to understand vehicle dynamics better 1.1 Tires and Sidewall Information ... sidewall 1 Tire and Rim Fundamentals We introduce and review some topics about tires, wheels, roads, vehicles, and their interactions These subjects are needed to understand vehicle dynamics...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 11:36

... magnitude, and phase delay applied to the step input can also be applied to the test data analysis Fig 1.21 Close-Up of Filtered and Wideband Crash Pulse Comparison B Vehicle crash pulse and Driver chest ... Displacement, and Centroid 1.56 Vehicle Deceleration in Two Barrier and One Pole (21mph) Crash Tests 1.57 Vehicle Velocity vs Time in Three Crash Tests 1.58 Vehicle Displacement vs Time in Three Crash ... Function of )Vm and tm 2.9 TESW Deceleration as a Function of Aavg and tc/tm 2.10 Front- / Rear-Loaded Pulses and Integrals 2.11 Even / Rear-Loaded Pulses and Integrals 2.12 Crash Pulse Comparison...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 11:37

... between these pulses of growth, mortality takes its toll, and the population decreases In this paper, we suggest impulsive differential equations to model the process of periodic birth pulse and impulsive ... The population is birth pulse as intrinsic rate of natural increase and density dependence rate of predator population are denoted by a, b, respectively The pulse birth and impulsive harvesting ... Teaneck, NJ, USA, 1989 D Ba˘nov and P Simeonov, Impulsive Differential Equations: Periodic Solutions and Applications, vol 66 ı of Pitman Monographs and Surveys in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Longman...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... magnitude, and phase delay applied to the step input can also be applied to the test data analysis Fig 1.21 Close-Up of Filtered and Wideband Crash Pulse Comparison B Vehicle crash pulse and Driver chest ... Landing Without a Crash Case [C]: Crash Landing Velocity Computation and Perfect Landing Criterion The velocity components along x and y at the landing point can be computed as shown in (15) and ... on the takeoff, distance, and landing kinematic relationships 1.4.2.1 Car Jumping and Landing The horizontal and vertical distances, d and h, between the launching and landing sites are shown in...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... Unbelted Driver Motion from Crash Test Film 1.5.2.3 Vehicle Crush, Sled Displacement, and Crash Pulse Centroid It will be shown that at any given time, the sum of the vehicle displacement and the ... between the vehicle crush, sled displacement, and crash pulse centroid Fig 1.55 Vehicle Crush, Sled Displacement, and Centroid The dynamic crush of the vehicle at tm is C = 10.1 inches and the sled ... E and ON will coincide only when the crash pulse is symmetrical at its centroid location Crash pulses such as square, halfsine, haversine, and symmetrical triangular pulses are examples of pulses...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... for a vehicle crash pulse approximation is that (1) it should characterize the crash pulse with the smallest possible number of parameters needed to describe the vehicle dynamic responses, and ... parameters for the four prototype vehicles and justify the differences in the dynamic response and crash pulse shape The rigid barrier impact speed is vo= 31 mph and the crash data for both trucks, ... dynamic crash of the #4 prototype crash pulse yields about 2.4 inches more dynamic crush than #3 Fig 2.11 Even / Rear-Loaded Pulses and Integrals 2.3.6 Kinematic Comparisons of Test Pulse and Approximated...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... wideband data of the frame and body crash pulse are shown in Figs 2.37 and 2.40, respectively Note the frame pulse contains higher frequency contents and magnitudes than those for the body pulse ... velocity and displacement changes 2.4.7.2 Re-synthesis of a Crash Pulse Without Resonance Re-synthesis of a crash pulse is a process in which the resonance is removed, and the crash pulse is ... Test and BSA (Bi-Slope Approximation) © 2002 by CRC Press LLC 2.4.10 Harmonic Pulses – Background Two harmonic pulses are used for crash pulse approximation: the halfsine and the haversine pulses...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... constant deceleration magnitude and the onset time at the beginning of the constant deceleration Since a constant deceleration pulse is close to an ideal crash pulse, the predicted output occupant deceleration ... characteristics of a system and in predicting the system response under a different input condition As an example, in a frontal barrier crash, the chest deceleration and vehicle deceleration can be processed ... (3.18) and Fig 3.24 (3.18) The 5th order FEW, shown in Fig 3.24, exhibits a double hump wave and approximates the test vehicle crash pulse very closely To assess the effect of the FEW crash pulse...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... Peak Deceleration and Duration – Excitation For the Truck F in the 35 mph barrier impact, the peak deceleration and duration of the frame haversine pulse are about 135 g and ms, respectively, and ... square wave and the left and right front occupant chest (torso) decelerations of both trucks F and T are shown in Table 3.7 Because of the advanced restraint systems, the test chest decelerations ... duplicate the crash pulse recorded at the vehicle compartment in a test Fig 3.47 shows a crash pulse for a full-size sedan in a 35 mph barrier test The sled test pulse approximates the barrier pulse...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... Fig 4.3 Vehicle and Sled Accelerations: Haversine and Triangular Pulses Fig 4.4 Velocity vs Time: Haversine and Triangular Pulses Fig 4.5 Displacement vs Time: Haversine and Triangular Pulses ... are analyzed in-depth for understanding the crash pulse characteristics The derivations of the formulas for the vehicle, unbelted occupants, and the vehicle and occupant sensitivity coefficients ... for the vehicle and occupant shown in Eqs (4.7) and (4.8), respectively, the transient acceleration, velocity, and displacement responses for both the vehicle and occupant can be computed and are...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... = 69 ms, Am = 26 g, and tm = 102 ms The sinusoidal pulse is overlapped with the crash test pulse and shown in Fig 4.54 The sinusoidal pulse approximates the relative crash pulse up to tm fairly ... is that of the impacting vehicle alone However, in the vehicle- to -vehicle impact it is that of the engaging structures of the two vehicles The crash pulses of the two vehicles have the same duration, ... reduction factors and the individual peak decelerations of the corresponding sinusoidal pulse are computed as follows (4.53) Since the individual crash pulse is equal to the relative deceleration...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... used in the vehicle suspension and handling dynamics [5] is utilized In this vehicle dynamic study, components, such as an unsprung mass (control arm and suspension) or a sprung mass (vehicle chassis), ... individual crush energies due to springs #1 and #2 and the damper Figs 5.11 and 5.12 show the total and individual crush energies vs time of the hybrid models #1 and #2, respectively In both hybrid models, ... model solutions to the vehicle preprogram and post -crash structural analyses are described The model in these applications simulates a rigid barrier impact of a vehicle where m1 and m2 represent the...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... both full frontal and offset testing Using the vehicle weight and stiffness data shown in Section 5.8.2.3 for both the frontal and offset tests, the intrusion and vehicle peak deceleration can ... worst-case vehicle as far as the peak vehicle deceleration is the one that is too stiff, and the worst case as far as the intrusion is the one that is too soft Fig 5.56 Vehicle Deceleration and Intrusion ... intrusion of inches and vehicle peak deceleration of 31 g Shown in the plot, the vehicle peak deceleration in the full barrier test is higher than that in the offset test, and the intrusion in...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... Two Vehicles With and Without Collision Two vehicles having masses m1 and m2 are traveling on a horizontal icy surface with velocities of v1 and v2 , respectively Assume that they collide and ... 6.32 and Fig 6.33 show the impulsive loadings acting at the right front and right near-center of the vehicle For each impulsive loading, two COCA’s, passing through points Q1 and Q2 at the left and ... WORK AND ENERGY The principle of work and energy is obtainable from Newton’s Second Law Its derivation and relationship to the kinetic energy, elastic, and gravitational potential energy, and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... parameters, tm, tf, and e Fig 6.53 Velocity Changes in the Deformation and Rebound Phases (6.81) Using available crash test results for cars and trucks in rigid barrier and vehicle- to -vehicle crashes, a ... to 1.5 80 to 100 Vehicle- to -Vehicle in line 10 1.2 1.2 to 1.4 100 to 140 Crash Mode tm, ms, from Crash Tests 6.5.6 Coefficient of Restitution and Stiffness in Vehicle Crashes This section deals ... e1/e2 6.6 VEHICLE INERTIA PROPERTIES AND CRITICAL SLIDING VELOCITY Three methods of determining the vehicle CG heights and two methods of computing the vehicle moments of inertia in roll and in...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... tests, and two occupant responses (HIC and Chest G) The factors are (1) pulse: stiff and approximated square pulses, (2) driver and passenger, (3) with and without restraint slack (four inches), and ... the crush energy absorbed by each vehicle determines the crash severity for that vehicle Although, the principle of work and energy and the principle of impulse and momentum are derived from Newton’s ... as the crash severity index of vehicle (subject vehicle) in a vehicle- to -vehicle collision It is a measure of BEV experienced by the subject vehicle per unit of closing speed in a two-vehicle...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... CRC Press LLC Fig 7.43 A Vehicle- to -Vehicle Impact Model Fig 7.44 Other Vehicle Decelerations at Body and Engine for Cases Fig 7.45 Subject Vehicle Decelerations at Body and Engine for Cases © ... vehicle #1 in the vehicle- to -vehicle test Consequently, as long as the crash severity index is used in establishing the crush energy relationship between the vehicle- to -vehicle (VTV) and vehicle- to-barrier ... the two vehicles (Vehicle i): Ei is the maximum dynamic crush energy absorbed by the vehicle in a vehicle- vehicle impact, where: (7.59) By equating Ei to the energy absorbed by the subject vehicle...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 19:20

... (white) L and RGB values for the left and right irises of each subject were typically very similar, and were averaged for analyses http://www.jcircadianrhythms.com/content/7/1/8 1.3 h, and the ... DLMO to start time of the light pulse ranged from 2.3 to 6.5 h, and was similar for subjects with blue and brown irises The correlation between this phase angle and phase shift of the DLMO was ... was 22:22 ± Figure and delayed sleep/dark delays Circadian rhythm phaseepisodewith a single bright light pulse Circadian rhythm phase delays with a single bright light pulse and delayed sleep/dark...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:20

... Laurence Copeland Laurence Copeland is Professor of Finance at Cardiff Business School Investment Management Research Unit He researches and publishes on stock and bond markets, derivatives and exchange ... unforeseen consequences and thus it needs to be well targeted and with a specific objective 22 Verdict on the Crash: Causes and Policy Implications art One P he Causes of the Crash of 2008 T 25 Introduction ... creditworthy, and they did package and sell on their bad, ‘sub-prime’ business Bankers did buy these infected packages, and did run out of cash And yes, there has been a lot of greed and stupidity...

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2014, 10:19