variation population differentiation and genetic divergence

... highest ΔK exhibited membership probability scores > 70% Molecular variation, population differentiation and Genetic divergence The population stratifications inferred by STRUCTURE were tested by ... seven major sub-populations and 34 minor sub-populations identified within the global begomovirus meta -population Source of variation Fixation indices P-value Among major sub-populations (FCT) ... statistical tests of population differentiation (Z-test of genetic differentiation implemented in DnaSP and the FST permutation test implemented in ARLEQUIN) were applied to the various population partitions...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 01:21

... strain were placed in population cages at 21°, 25° and 29 °C, respectively The 2 1and 25 °C populations expanded rapidly in number and attained, after a few weeks, a stable population size of about ... variabilities of the 28 °C and 21 °C Oregon populations are, at least partly, due to a high genetic variability present in these populations The genetic variability of the 28 &dquo;C population, issued ... species or population with new genetic characteristics from a small founder population implies both an important genetic variability, on which natural selection may act, and certain genetic novelties,...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... their works Genetics and the Origin of Species and Systematics and the Origin of Species, perhaps to emphasizethat they were using genetics and systematics primarily to advance understandingof the ... population is broken up into smaller units by extrinsic barriers; genetic exchangebetween these separated populations ceases, and genetic divergence takes place betweenthem; the build-up of genetic ... years, and as a result, speciation has occurred in 15% to 30%of ostracods during this time period MECH,~,NISMS OF GENETIC Genetic Differentiation DIFFERENTIATION in Large Populations The types of genetic...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 16:20

... Biosys-1 program of Swofford and Selander [29] was used: to calculate the coefficients [20, 21] of genetic identity (I) and genetic distance (D); to construct the phylogenetic tree using the unweighted ... Allozyme variation Genetic variation was examined at 13 loci in 12 populations of I chelipes Seven loci were found monomorphic in all populations: AO-1, MDH-1, MDH-2, GOT, LDH, EST-1 and hemocyanin ... Harris and Hopkinson [13], Legrand-Hamelin et al [17], Laulier [14], Pasteur et al [24] and CharfiCheikhrouha !5! According to the population, the number of specimens varied from 14 to 184 Genetic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... Pezzoli C., Temperature-related divergence in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster I Genetic and developmental basis of wing size and shape variation, Genetics 109 (1985) 665-689 [7] ... temperature and population density A related problem is a In frequent lack of repeatability and an apparent instability when the same population [9, 17! A final problem is the likelihood of genetic ... For wing length, thorax length and wing/thorax ratio, a cubic polynomial was chosen for describing the norms For genetic variance (V and coefficients of genetic variation ) ), (CV a quadratic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... Madeira and Porto Santo Islands plus two groups of smaller islands (Selvagens and Desertas) Distances between the islands vary from a few kilometres to 300 km (Fig 1) Madeira is the largest island and ... PGM-2 and XDH, genotypic distributions differed significantly (P < 0.0001) across populations (Tab I) We followed Nei [22] notation and measured genetic differentiation among populations as GIS and ... relative to mainland populations [11] However, populations of Lacerta melisellensis in the Adriatic islands have lower heterozygosity values in more remote islands than in mainland populations, a...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... to examine the sources of variation and the genetic profile of spontaneous, out-of-season ovulatory activity in the Chios sheep breed MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Animal population description The ... extensive and semiintensive conditions, farmers wish to effectively organise the breeding season and group lambing, to minimise their production costs while meeting the market demands Hormonal and/ or ... analysis and the total data set included 068 animals 2.4 Statistical models and genetic analysis Preliminary analysis of variance indicated that the following factors had a significant effect on the variation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... characteristics [9,10] To assess the extent and nature of gene expression variability both within populations of genetically identical individuals and between genetically heterogeneous individuals, ... strain is a random effect Treating the mouse as a random effect basically assumes that the three mice have been randomly selected from an 'infinite' mouse population of that strain and its observed ... fix the vast majority (potentially all) of genetic contribution to variation [11], and thus individual mice within each inbred strain are considered genetically identical We studied the liver...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... restriction map variation and divergence Genetics 119, 875-888 Begun DJ, Aquadro CF (1991) Molecular population genetics of the distal portion of the X chromosome in Drosophila: evidence for genetic ... study of genic variation in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster III Variations in genetic structure and their causes between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans Genetics 117, ... cosmopolitan distribution and for which 25 populations have been studied These sets of populations were used to compare the phenotypic and genetic variabilities within natural populations of the sibling...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 19:22

... analyzing multi-ethnic populations 26 1.2 Recombination variation between populations 28 1.2.1 Recombination and genetic diversity 28 1.2.2 Variation in inter -population recombination ... to HapMap and Singapore Genome Variation Project 145 5.3.3 Recombination variation and Linkage disequilibrium variation highly correlated 148 5.3.4 Regions with largest recombination variation ... - 87%) for 90 MZ and 86 DZ female twins in 44 Finland, and 85% in 226 MZ and 280 DZ twin pairs aged 49 to 79 years from the United Kingdom using a model with additive genetic and environmental...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:07

... result of population growth and increased proportion of older people in most countries (Forman and Burley 2006) There is considerable geographic variation in GC incidence across countries and within ... males and Indian males are 32% (CI, 0.25 – 0.42) and 55% (CI, 0.33 - 0.89) of that for Chinese respectively For females, age-standardized incidence for Malays and Indians are 37% (CI, 0.26-0.51) and ... patients and finally costeffectiveness estimation The population- based H pylori infection and endoscopic screening have been evaluated by cost-effectiveness models (Dan, So and Yeoh 2006, Xie, Luo and...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:07

... ratio between r and R between populations at Thuy Trieu and at Cu Mong and Thi Nai, between populations at Van Phong and at Cu Mong and Thi Nai, and between populations at Cu Mong and at Thi Nai ... 127 130 131 140 140 141 genetic marker Genetic variation and barriers Suggestions for further studies to learn more about species and haplotype diversity and genetic differentiation within species ... on the nuclear ITS sequence Genetic variation of Halophila ovalis based on AFLP analysis between the Gulf of Thailand and the Thai Andaman Sea Genetic diversity and population structure of H ovalis...

Ngày tải lên: 20/05/2016, 16:28

... and vaguely lobulated Well developed fronds consist of epithelial-lined stromal projections that protrude into dilated glands or cystic spaces The glands are usually widely spaced, dilated, and ... epithelium is often hyperplastic, and atypical columnar cell hyperplasia is a common finding Rare tumors show lobular and ductal carcinoma in-situ Apocrine and squamous metaplasia is occasionally ... importance and that histological factors have an inconsistent influence on biologic behavior [3] Sarcomatous stromal elements, including angiosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 16:57

... muscles, or glands, survive Other brain cells die Sometimes just parts of cells die off For instance, many more synapses are formed than needed between neurons and other neurons, muscles and glands Those ... muscles and glands Those synapses that are used remain and get stronger, the other synapses detach, and the axons shrivel and die Which brain cells and which of their synapses survive depends on their ... child The details of embryonic development and mechanisms of cell differentiation differ between plants, fungi, protists, and various invertebrate and vertebrate animals We will look at some...

Ngày tải lên: 26/12/2013, 01:18

... 1.1 Population and Resources in Modern Growth Theories 1.2 Demography and Economic Stress in Environmental and Resource Economics 1.3 Population and Resource Stress in Development Economics Population, ... Heckman and E Leamer, eds., Handbook of Econometrics, (Amsterdam: North Holland) 43 Cain, M (1981), "Risk and Insurance: Perspectives on Fertility and Agrarian Change in India and Bangladesh", Population ... fertility behaviour and free-riding on local common-property resources (Dasgupta and Mäler, 1991, 1995; Nerlove, 1991; Cleaver and Schreiber, 1994; Brander and Taylor, 1998; Section 7.4 and Appendix)...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20

... the population has a bulge in the middle and older working ages, and the elderly population is growing in absolute size and as a proportion of the population Chairman Mao Zedong died in 1976, and ... retirement, and the flexibility of capitalist economies to adapt to changes in labor supply and demand and to alter management and labor practices in light of changing market conditions) suggests that population ... Population and Labor Force Survey of November 2008 The survey showed that men constituted 53.6% of China's employed population, and women 46.4% Population Aging Across China The demographic and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 18:20

... this mutant strain as described below) Body and organ weights as well as plasma parameters (Tables S2 and S3) were measured, and learning, memory and behavioral tests (Table S4) as well as histopathological ... Matsushime, Masato Kobori, Jiro Hirosumi and Mr Tsutomu Higashiya at Astellas Pharma Inc., and Junko Kawano and Akemi Matsuoka at Trans Genic Inc for their helpful advice and support 12 References 13 Zhang ... Insulin levels did not differ between RMI1+ ⁄ + and RMI1+ ⁄ ) mice in the oral glucose tolerance test (Fig 2E,F) Resistance to KK- and KK-Ay-induced genetic induced obesity in RMI1+/) mice To explore...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... Netherlands) and modeled NO2 concentrations from a previously described land use regression model.97 More information on the study area and population, hospital admission and covariates, and exposure ... traffic variables, 2) traffic related land use variables, 3) population density related land use variables, 4) other land use variables (such as industry and green space) In each of these steps, ... Netherlands) and modeling contributions of sources in the Netherlands and other European countries excluding local traffic The OPS model calculates annual average concentrations based on emissions and...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... the genetic contributions to bone density, a major determinant of bone strength and fracture risk [16] The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between some genetic and non genetic ... genetic and non genetic factors involved in its etiology The decrease of bone mass and the alteration of bone architecture, characteristics of osteoporosis, lead to increased bone fragility and ... almost exclusively focused on women, and have not tested whether gender modifies the association between genetic variation and osteoporotic risk Therefore, future genetic studies will need to recruit...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... (a helix signature), 218 nm (b strand signature), 202–204 nm (random coil signature) In WhiB5 and WhiB6, the structure was dominated by a helices and b strands and the proportion of these structural ... refolding were  98% pure and were brownish (Figs S1 and S2) The presence of four conserved cysteines and the brownish appearance of purified WhiB1, WhiB2, WhiB5, WhiB6 and WhiB7 indicated the presence ... WhiB6 and WhiB7 the loss was  8–10% After 48 h of air exposure, losses were as follows:  80% in WhiB1,  75% in WhiB2 and WhiB5,  65% in WhiB3,  60% in WhiB4, and  35–40% in WhiB6 and WhiB7...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 12:20