variation of solar radiation with latitude
Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Transformation of solar radiation in Norway spruce stands into produced biomass – the effect of stand density" doc
Ngày tải lên :
07/08/2014, 10:21
... in the efficiency of solar
energy conversion into biomass due to a prevail-
ing amount of the shade type of foliage with high
maintenance costs.
The importance of the amount of leaf area and ... existence of the threshold value of LAI on
the final values of RUE and ε are of great importance.
CONCLUSION
Two Norway spruce stands with different densities
were investigated from the aspect of ... on the basis of stand inventory realized at the
end of each growing season. e procedure of the
stand inventory consisted of measurements of stem
circumference at the height of 1.3 m above...
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Multiscale computation of solar radiation for predictive vegetation modelling" docx
Ngày tải lên :
07/08/2014, 16:21
... calculated the solar flux outside the atmosphere (Rout,W/m
2
)
with the model of Kreith and Kreider [28]. Solar flux is a function
of solar constant Sc (we used the World Radiation Center value of
1367 ... for
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
123456789101112
Meteo France
Helios with cloudiness
Helios without cloudines
s
Radiation (MJ/m²)
Month
Figure 5. Solar radiation calculated with Helios with and without
cloudiness for the Luxeuil Meteorological ... 2000 2500 3000
Latitude (°)
0
200
400
600
800
41 43 45 47 49 51
0
200
400
600
800
1,522,533,544,555,566,57
Figure 4. Variation of solar radiation for different conditions of altitude, latitude, and...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Variation of pulpwood quality with provenances and site in Eucalyptus globulus" doc
Ngày tải lên :
08/08/2014, 14:20
... CONCLUSIONS
Within site and within provenance variation was low
for all the properties studied with the exception of ex-
tractives. However, provenance and site were significant
sources of variation ... yield of 56% compared to only 40% of trees of
an east cost provenance. Matheson et al. [9], in a study on
the geographic variation of E. obliqua in 22 localities
throughout the natural range of ... variability
was low, with coefficients of variation of the mean under
5% in all cases. Site and provenance were not statistically
significant effects for wood density variation.
At the age of 7 years a...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Effective harvesting, detection, and conversion of IR radiation due to quantum dots with built-in charge" docx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 22:20
... μm).Asaresult,the
efficiency of our reference cell (without QDs) is less
Figure 9 I-V characteristics of solar cells. I-V characteristics of solar cells with built-in-dot charge of two electrons per ... effects of
doping on photoelectron kinetics.
Bipolar kinetics: solar cell with built-in-dot charge
The heterostructure solar cells are presently dominating
the market of high-efficiency solar cells. ... device with two
electrons per dot and further, to 24 mA/cm
2
for the device
with six electrons per dot. As with the conventional solar
cell with a p-n junction, doping also prevents deterioration
of...
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- 0
Báo cáo hóa học: " Performance characteristics of polymer photovoltaic solar cells with an additiveincorporated active layer" docx
Ngày tải lên :
20/06/2014, 23:20
... Because of this reason, the film with 3.5 vol.%
of 1,8-octanedithiol exhibited the best device perfor-
mances in this work.
Conclusions
The performance characteristics of BHJ polymer solar
cells ... Factor
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Figure 6 Photovoltaic response. Photovoltaic response of solar cell devices with chlorobenzene and different amounts of 1,8-octanedithiol, J
sc
,
PCE, V
oc
, and FF.
Kim et al. Nanoscale ... an optimized
amount of 1,8-octanedithiol can be determined. As the
amount of 1,8-octanedithiol was increased, the i ntensity
of the UV-Vis absorption and the crystallinity of P3HT
significantly...
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báo cáo hóa học:" Performance characteristics of polymer photovoltaic solar cells with an additiveincorporated active layer" pdf
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 17:20
... images of P3HT:P CBM films formed using
chlorobenzene with different amounts of 1.8-octanedithiol.
Chlorobenzene alone.(a), chlorobenzene with 1.5 vol.% of 1.8-
octanedithiol (b), chlorobenzene with ... range of 550 to 650 nm with the increasing amount
of 1,8-octanedithiol. A high PL intensity indicates that not
all excitons generated on one polymer within the film
reached the interface of the ... Because of this reason, the film with 3.5 vol.%
of 1,8-octanedithiol exhibited the best device perfor-
mances in this work.
Conclusions
The performance characteristics of BHJ polymer solar
cells...
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Báo cáo vật lý: "AN ANFIS-BASED PREDICTION FOR MONTHLY CLEARNESS INDEX AND DAILY SOLAR RADIATION: APPLICATION FOR SIZING OF A STAND-ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM" ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
07/08/2014, 14:20
... the Director of the ONM (Office of
National Meteorology of Algiers), for making available the database of solar
radiation data for different sites, and Prof. A. Guessoum (Head of Signal
Processing ... 4000
0
2000
4000
6000
Days
Daily solar radiation signal
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0
2000
4000
6000
Days
Daily solar radiation signal
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
Days
Daily solar radiation signal
Site ... amount of global solar radiation and its temporal distribution are the
primary variables for designing solar energy systems. Knowledge of these
parameters is required for the prediction of system...
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- 0
Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: " Variation of the photosynthetic capacity across a chronosequence of maritime pine correlates with needle phosphorus concentration" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
08/08/2014, 00:22
... investigated
rigorously the variations in photosynthetic capacity with age.
Few, if any studies were designed to isolate variation caused
by age from all other sources of variation, e.g. size and ... temperature
was not measured with the constructor thermocouple because of prob-
lems with direct heating of the thermocouple by incident light and the
spherical shape of the thermocouple which forbids ... the lower value of ∆ in the 32-yr-old
stand can be explained by the higher values of photosynthetic
capacity and intermediate level of stomatal conductance meas-
ured in the trees of this stand....
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Báo cáo lâm nghiệp: "Predicting solar radiation transmittance in the understory of even-aged coniferous stands in temperate forests" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
08/08/2014, 01:22
... ratio of daily transmitted solar
irradiation to daily incident solar irradiation. This T value obtained
from measured irradiation values will hereafter be called measured
transmittance. Measured solar ... heterogeneous covers, with a variation coefficient
greater than 20%, a higher number of tube solarimeters (5 to 6)
is needed [6, 51]. Tube solarimeter geometry allows the inte-
gration of radiation spatial ... correction.
The variations of the G-extinction coefficient b is actually
a combined effect of the variation of LAI-extinction coefficient k
from the Beer-Lambert law and the variation of the slope...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Variation of growth in Danish provenance trials with oak (Quercus robur L and Quercus petraea Mattuschka Liebl" pptx
Ngày tải lên :
08/08/2014, 19:21
...
to
lack
of
statistical
knowledge,
most
of
the
early
provenance
trials
were
made
without
replications
with
insufficient
possibilities
of
estimating
genetic
gain
of
phenotypic ...
but
signifi-
cant
effect
of
provenance
at
18
years
of
age;
however,
the
effect
of
block
variation
(site
condition)
was
very
high.
At
the
age
of
25
years,
this
relationship ...
early.
Concerning
the
provenances
of
foreign
origin,
the
length
of
the
yearly
period
of
growth
and
the
production
level
seem
to
in-
crease
as
the
latitude
of
the
origin
de-
creases...
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Báo cáo khoa học: "Genetic variation of the Croatian beech stands (Fagus sylvatica L): spatial differentiation in connection with the environment" doc
Ngày tải lên :
08/08/2014, 23:21
...
correlation
between
PX-2
allelic
diver-
sity
and
the
extent
of
climatic
variations
connected
with
the
altitudinal
range
of
the
stands.
For
PX-1,
a
positive
correlation
was
shown ...
and
variations
of
environmental
factors
in
order
to
prove
the
adaptative
signification
of
an
enzymatic
polymorphism.
However,
the
connections
between
climate
and
allelic
variations ...
the
northern
slope
of
the
Dinaric
Alps,
on
the
plain
and
in
the
highlands
of
Croatia.
With
regard
to
soil
factors,
we
could
only
define
3
classes
of
pH
(acid,
neutral...
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