variable very high energy gamma ray emission 1771

... chiều thay dãy hai chiều Ví dụ, Type WORD is array (31 downto 0) of BIT; Type RAM is array (1023 downto 0) of WORD; Thay vì: Type OTHER_RAM is array (1023 downto 0, 31 downto 0) of BIT • Kiểu ... when B= CST2 else CST3; Khai báo biến số tín hiệu Các khai báo biến số Variable variable_name : type_name [:=value]; Ví dụ, Variable CTRL_STATUS : BIT_VECTOR (10 DOWNTO 0); GV: Nguyễn Trọng Hải ... Bài giảng Thiết Kế Hệ Thống Số Phần VHDL VHDL Very High speed integrated circuit Description Language I CẤU TRÚC CỦA MỘT THIẾT KẾ DÙNG NGÔN NGỮ...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2013, 22:38

... Contents I The Highest Energy Particles: Cosmic Rays, Photons and Neutrinos A The New Astronomy B The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays: Facts C The Highest Energy Cosmic Rays: Fancy Acceleration ... source of the highest energy cosmic rays, they must be photons This is a problem because there is compelling evidence that the highest energy cosmic rays are not photons: The highest energy event ... of gamma ray bursts and, possibly, the source of the highest energy cosmic rays The above speculations are reinforced by the fact that the sources listed are also the sources of the highest energy...

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 13:28

... aries; OaPDH) We set out to study the mode of binding of PEX to determine if it was acting as a high- energy- state mimic In our hands, TbPDH is unstable and has proven troublesome for crystallographic ... active site The PEX hydroxamate mimics the enol-keto resonance structure of the 2-cisenediol high- energy intermediate proposed for the 6PGDH reaction and so effectively inhibits the enzyme When ... Hanau S (2004) Selective inhibition of Trypanosoma brucei 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase by high- energy intermediate and transition-state analogues J Med Chem 47, 3427–3437 Tetaud E, Hanau S,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... from the infrared to the gamma- ray regimes 25 26 Frontiers in High Energy Density Physics A highly cost-effective way to significantly impact and extend the horizons of high energy density research ... opportunities in the United States To illustrate the energy scale of the high energy density regime, some of the systems that deliver the energy in high energy density laboratory experiments in the United ... of Energy s high energy density programs To summarize, the committee believes that now is a very opportune time for major advances in the physics understanding of matter under extreme high energy...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 10:20

... is considered to be iron, given the presence in the X -ray fluorescence emission spectrum of a peak at 6500 eV typical of iron ions and the high affinity of glutamates for iron Other distinctive ... presence of two strong peaks at 8800 eV and 10 300 eV in the X -ray fluorescence emission spectrum, and on inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES) measurements on the soluble ... ions bound to the protein was assessed by means of X -ray fluorescence emission spectra collected at the ELETTRA synchrotron radiation source in an energy range between 2000 and 10 000 eV Iron oxidation...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 09:34

... topics of high- energy astrophysics: the acceleration of nonthermal particles, astrophysical accretion flows, both spherical and disk-shaped, and explosive motions (supernovae and gamma- ray bursts) ... release of energy either inside or outside of stars, within the interstellar medium In both cases, the medium where the energy emission takes place is a fluid, which, because of this energy release, ... hydrodynamics, in a very simple way Let us start from the equation of energy conservation A fluid has internal (or thermal) energy, described by a density per unit volume ρ , and kinetic (or bulk) energy ρv...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 13:05

... for High- Energy Photon/Particle Detection 227 Chapter 12 Quantitative Measurements of X -Ray Intensity 229 Michael J Haugh and Marilyn Schneider Chapter 13 The New Photo-Detectors for High Energy ... several interesting applications, such as for high- speed data communication, biomedical sensing, highspeed measurement, UV-light detection, and high energy physics The discussed photodiodes cover ... category of high- speed data communication for example; which covers the applications of photodiodes under very- low temperature operations such as for the optical interconnects used in ultrahigh speed...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... wavelength 18 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Alignment-tolerance enlargement of a high- speed photodiode by a selfpositioned micro-ball lens To widen ... InP/InGaAs and InGaP/GaAs p-i-n PDs show high quantum efficiency in the 300-850 nm and 0.85-1.65 m spectral range, respectively Since both high- efficiency and high- speed operation can be achieved, ... Rückert, “A ray- tracing approach for simulating recognition abilities of active infrared sensor arrays,” IEEE Sensors J., vol 4, pp 237-247, 2004 [19] Y M Govaerts and M M Verstraete, “Raytran:...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... between and 294 K High- frequency and high- speed operation The high- frequency response of a UTC-PD module at low temperature is important We evaluated this response using a high- speed optical ... New Energy and Industrial Technology Development 46 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Organization (NEDO) as Development of Next-Generation High- Efficiency ... 32 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics mechanical damage was observed from the I-V characteristics in our experiments...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... the low input impedance laser had higher electrical and optical conversion efficiency 56 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics 3.3 O/E converters configured ... achieve a high performance However, there have been few studies for the RoF of WiMAX A cost effective design was investigated for the E/O and the O/E that satisfy both the low cost and the high performance ... office and the access points 54 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics 3.2 Input Impedance adjustments in E/O converters Two different types of 1310nm...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... 42nH also leads to a local maximum of |m| but it is not as high 86 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Photodioes Fig Current ratio versus the inductance ... waveguide and available pump power 74 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Fourier analysis shows that shorter pulse duration corresponds to a broader frequency ... set at a level where the conversion efficiency is the highest In that case, the noise counts caused by the SRS in the waveguide might induce high error rates in a quantum communication system An...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... probes The foam has a thickness of 1.2 cm and is very rigid It also prevents the array from vibrating when a very fast measurement is made The array is moved mechanically along one direction, while ... (OMS) probes array: Improving measurement speed in a NF imager A linear array of seven OMS probes was developed in order to improve the measurement speed of the NF imager In the array, the probes ... Measurements and High- Energy Physics Photodioes lock-in amplifier (LIA) The stability of this reference prevents phase jitter in the measured data The electronically switched feature of the array not only...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Fig Interference filter relative transmission for off-axis rays The aperture of the light cone of the telescope is highlighted Fig On-axis and ... Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH Malyshev, S & Chizh, A (2004) State of the art high- speed photodetectors for microwave photonics application ... stabilization 126 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Photodiode array characteristics (S4114-16) Sensitivity 0.35 A/W @ 532 nm Pixel size 1.45 *...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... arrays boast a wide spectral response, high dynamic range, high temporal resolution, and the largest well depth of the COM detectors The PDA is typically a rugged device and can operate in high- light ... Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Wavebreak and differences in Vm and Cai spatial fluorescence maps were consistently identified during periods of high E and high Ed The results are ... Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Basic principles of cardiac optical mapping Epi-illumination occurs when the fluorescence emission detector is placed on the same side...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Electromagnetic phenomena Gamma rays (γ rays) 6 × 1019 X-rays × 10−12–1 × 10−8 × 1016–6 × 1019 Ultraviolet × ... Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics Fig (a) n-type and (b) p-type photodiode array Photodiode array (PDA) detectors scan a range of wavelengths every few milliseconds and continually ... Photodiode array detectors A photodiode array is a linear array of several hundred light sensing diodes light ranging from 128 to 1024 – and even up to 4096 having a thousand phototubes, for every different...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics At measurements in the UV region, Cerenkov emission is a common problem at short measuring times The intensity of the Cerenkov emission increases with ... Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics potential HPLC can be an easy way of quantitation as well Ultraviolet spectra acquired with photodiode array detector together with retention ... Christiansen et al.,2011] The potentials and limitations of high- performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection are highlighted in respect to its use in the analysis of different...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... account 204 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics  Equivalently, also the rays of diffuse irradiance with angles greater than the nominal FOV can hit ... non-linearity between the detection of X-rays and VUV light [20], the gain dependence on 208 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics temperature [21,22], the ... F (4) 210 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics The noise contribution to the energy resolution results from two different sources, namely the detector...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... the nonlinearity observed in the APD gain response between X-rays of different energies When using higher energy X-rays, significantly higher gain reductions were measured, e.g [41] In addition, ... Measurements and High- Energy Physics Fig The energy level diagram for the lowest levels of the singly ionized Ag atom Column is the principle quantum number, column indicates an energy level, column ... this estimate for higher energy level transitions If the electron is removed from the n=2 shell, the spectral emission is referred to as an L line The set of easily observed emission lines is...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20

... resistant to X -ray damage The X -ray energy at 50% transmission is near keV and the range 236 Photodiodes – Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High- Energy Physics of X -ray energy for the ... basics of X -ray emission, the sources used to produce X -ray emission are presented in some detail in the following section X -ray sources 3.1 The diode source NSTec laboratories have four X -ray sources ... produced by an X -ray photon depends upon the material and the X -ray photon energy as given by: Ne-h = eV/ε (5) Ne-h= number of e-h pairs produced eV= X -ray photon energy, eV ε= energy required...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 19:20