using synthetic data to better evaluate a sensor network protocol

... vocabulary and narratives using practical examples and metaphors taken from normal life situations Technical sections that get into a more detailed explanation of concepts, using technical jargon ... addition to that, land always had a sacred dimension to anchor cultural values (people tend to associate their cultural identity with familiar landscapes, their homeland) Finally, in relation to the ... What does all of this have to with a multi-scale integrated analysis of agroecosystems? Well, the point I have been trying to make so far is that it has a lot to with multi-scale integrated analysis...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... RRC layer and other protocol components State transition diagram of RRC layer A summary of transport channel mappings to support data radio bearer in UMTS An example of packet-switched data connection ... practical user separation methods classified as coordinated and uncoordinated approaches Conceptual illustration of the ALOHA protocol devices B and C collide when they attempt to transmit at about ... scheduled data rate) and at low and high SNRs Total system capacity versus K and nT at SNR = 10 dB Total network capacity (bps/Hz) versus cell radius at various Q = 1, , and nT = The transmit...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 07:54

... Based on normalized instantaneous channel correlation matrix (Algorithm A5 ) Transmit antennas which are highly correlated are grouped together and transmit antennas which are less correlated are ... transmit antenna to the ith receive antenna We assume a general correlated matrix channel so that hi,j and hk,l (i ≠ k or j ≠ l) may be correlated 1 H = R Hw T (1) where R and T are receiver and ... need to feedback beamforming vector(s) or right unitary matrix of SVD instead of full CSI Feedback information in antenna grouping is a beamforming vector (Nt×1 vector) plus additional antenna grouping...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... without any additional pilot (3) More than one adjustment factor is used in the ADP to adjust the perturbation vector, which gives a better approximation to the optimal precoding as the channel state ... perturbation vectors for gradient-feedback transmit antennas array adaptation for CDMA networks was proposed in [11] The transmitter can adjust the antennas from the current vector in the positive ... factor for the coordinated BSs should generate a better adaptive precoding vector to approximate the optimal precoding vector obtained from the local channel state If the value of bi n−1 is large,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... for antenna selection Let A = UA A VH be a singular value decomposition [32] of A matrix A We get A AH A −1 A H = UA Σ A V H V A Σ V H A A A −1 VA A UH A = UA A VH VA Σ-2 VH VA A UH A A A A ... = variable gainlinear amplifiers and phase shifters are available at the receiver (4 antenna elements in each subarray) Results are compared to an ergodic capacity bound and exact ergodic capacity ... as tr E ssH = P, (2) and the intended average signal -to- noise ratio per antenna at the receiver is ρ= 2.2 P N0 (3) General mathematical formulation of antenna subarray formation Antenna Subarray...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

... function reaches its minimum value The factor γ can be interpreted as a penalty factor which is constant and set to be 0.08 The constant penalty factor is the main drawback of Larsson’s algorithm ... transmission environment A quantitative gain in terms of data rate can only be estimated for a specified scenario This gain could be significant for a network covering large areas In other cases, ... channel variance and the noise variance The ratio R is defined in [6] as a constant factor in the interval [0.9 → 0.95] Since the noise variance and the channel variance are unknown, the estimation...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... Nakano, J Eto, Y Okabe, and J Yamauchi, “Tiltedand axial-beam formation by a single-arm rectangular spiral antenna with compact dielectric substrate and conducting plane,” IEEE Trans Antennas ... reconfigurable spiral antenna (a) Antenna pattern, DC bias path, and via formation (b) Dielectric layer deposition and sacrificial layer planarization (c) Aluminum (Al) membrane deposition (d) Final ... geometrical shapes such as circular, rectangular, and eccentric [6, 7] These antennas are mainly used to radiate circularly polarized wave forming either an axial beam—normal to the plane of the spiral—or...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... JM, Bender A: Degenerate neutrality creates evolvable fitness landscapes In WorldComp-2009 Las Vegas, Nevada, USA; 2009 48 Bergman A, Siegal ML: Evolutionary capacitance as a general feature of ... that are degenerate in their affinity to particular molecular species and are roughly interchangeable in their ability to up/down regulate a particular pathway NBH suggests that when the relationships ... cluster are said to be similar with respect to that task type To be clear, task similarity implies that either agent can adequately perform a task of that type making them interchangeable with...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... 200 4a) use different approaches to model households’ annual agricultural land-use decision making in rural South-central Indiana, and evaluate their models against real land-cover data Hoffman ... land-use In this research, I am primarily interested in changes that are human-initiated, although various natural phenomena have at least a partial role in all change Clarifications to some of the ... model parameters have been calibrated to the data so that the deviation is minimized Maximum likelihood parameters are the parameter values that maximize model fit or alternatively minimize the lack...

Ngày tải lên: 13/11/2014, 11:02

... is a dynamic approach that manages a dispatch queue, and delivers the task at the queue head to the earliest available processor The biggest advantage is that runtime load balance can be achieved ... adaptiveness, and infrastructural requirements 2.1 Adaptive Applications Application adaptation ambiguously refers to two aspects: the execution adaptation and the quality adaptation As a conventional notion ... for Grid applications [7] 12 CHAPTER Related Work In contrast to spatial execution-adaptable applications, quality-adaptable applications feature in graceful degradation mechanisms that focus...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:52

... Battery-Aware Power Management BSN Body Sensor Network DA Damage Assessment DAG Directed Acyclic Graph DAM Damage DAT Data Available Time DP Data Preprocessing DVS Dynamic Voltage Scaling FT ... to the total amount of charge inside the battery a All charge quantities are measured in mA-mins 2.4 Battery Awareness Vs Energy Awareness 20 Battery-awareness needs to be incorporated into any ... used as a threshold to assess the health of a battery The health of a battery is defined as αSA /αT and gives the ratio of the charge that is available to an external load in the immediate future...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 15:44

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 10:24

... propagation and the small scale propagation The signal variations due to path loss or shadowing occur over relatively large distances, this variation is referred to as the large scale propagation ... UWB is a technology for transmitting data spread over a large bandwidth (usually larger than 500 MHz) that shares among users UWB was traditionally applied in non-cooperative radar imaging Most ... Minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator has a better estimation accuracy compared to LS estimator in terms of MSE At the same MSE, the MMSE estimator has about to 12 dB SNR gain over that of LS...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2012, 11:28

... Tough and very long to master Ready to use toolchains Available from several locations for most platforms Tools to build toolchains: Buildroot and Crosstool Make it easy to create a toolchain for your exact needs ... or with OpenOffice.org itself! Take advantage of internal or external hyperlinks So, don’t hesitate to click on them! Find pages quickly thanks to automatic search Use thumbnails to navigate in the document in a quick way ... microkernel (PikeOS), an approach similar to RTAI Makers of KaeilOS (http://koansoftware.com/kaeilos/), a GPL  embedded Linux distribution for industrial  applications KaeilOS supports i386 and popular arm  platforms. Other platforms supported upon ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/10/2013, 00:15

... than the calculated derivative action is required, and a1 is not and has the same sign as a2 , a3 may be artificially assigned: a3 @   2a2 2a2 ‡ a3 À df : 3a1 3a1 (1:8e) If the detuning factor, ... models, dominant delay (deadtime), dominant lag, and dominant quadratic lag A load in a real process is usually introduced upstream of dominant process lags and has a nonzero mean value Therefore, ... controller having integral action and tuned for load rejection may have to tolerate khkI greater than and a phase margin less than 30 ALGEBRAIC CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR LOAD REJECTION AND SHAPED TRANSIENT...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 22:42

... Harvard machines have an explicit memory space for data, using program memory for data storage is trickier For example, a data value declared as a C constant must be stored in ROM as a constant value ... instructions and data Page 24 Harvard architecture computers have separate memory areas for program instructions and data There are two or more internal data buses, which allow simultaneous access to ... Special Data Types and Data Access 59 Function Data Types 60 The Character Data Type 60 Integer Data Types 61 Byte Craft's Sized Integers 61 Bit Data Types 61 Real Numbers 63 Complex Data Types...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 02:17

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20