use of native animal models for ddi studies

... model for animal i is y i = X i b + Z ia + Wih + i (1) where y i = (y i,1 y i, m )’ is a vector of phenotypic values of animal i for m traits, b is a vector of fixed effects, a is a vector of ... generated for each of the three true models Phenotypes of 50 progeny from each of 50 unrelated sires for two traits, yi = (yi, yi, 2)’ were simulated using equation (1) The vector of fixed effects ... http://(http://www.gsejournal.org/content/42/1/26) Page of 13 Heritabilities of simulated traits were h1 = 0.43 and = 0.53 , respectively For each animal i, li was for BN-∞ or generated from Gamma(ν/2, ν/2) for BSt - ν with ν = 4, 12 Offspring...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... number of individuali for the rth trait r j equation number of the sire ofi or its sire group (if base sire) for trait r r k equation number of the dam ofi or its dam group (if base dam) for trait ... governed by additive effects, predictions of BV from crosses between populations can be obtained by means of animal models that allow for different additive means and heterogeneous additive genetic ... variance of a crossbred individual i is computed as: where j and k are the parents of i, and f for example, is the breed I composition of , jl is the additive variance of population L, is the additive...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... case of an animal model, making very restrictive supositions For continuously distributed traits, the use of an animal model is currently the state of the art for genetic evaluation of breeding animals ... continuously distributed traits the use of an animal model is the state of the art for the genetic evaluation of breeding animals A logical step would be to use an animal model as well to describe ... even the ranking of breeding animals may depend on the model type chosen The result that the use of equivalent sire and animal models for the underlying variable and the use of the same estimation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22

... of the data set used in the multibreed analysis, including several useful features for evaluating data quality for the estimation of (co)variance components within maternal animal models an animal ... elements and inverse of a large numerator relationship matrix Biometrics 1976, 32:949-956 39 Mrode RA: Linear models for the prediction of animal breeding values Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK: CAB ... multibreed animal models For the sake of simplicity, assume a two-breed (A and B) composite population with individuals pertaining either to one of the two parental breeds, or to one of several...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... differences of the order of semantic formulas used by the VLEs and the NSEs were analysed For example, E.g Refuser status: Higher Group VLEs Expression of regret (6) Order of semantic formulas Excuse(5) ... repetition of part of the invitation (IRI) and postponement (IP) However, the frequency of use of these formulas of NSEs was not much higher than the VLEs’ Direct – non-performative (DN), statements of ... employing a range of semantic formulas The NSEs used 12 and the VLEs used 10 out of 13 semantic formulas found in the data of the study With respect to the frequency of the semantic formulas, the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:31

... patterns, bioinformatics is used here for this type of analysis of complex systems Bioinformatics refers to the extraction of biological information from genomic sequence and the reconciliation of multiple ... engineering studies have focused on manipulations of enzyme levels and the effect of amplification, addition, or blockage of a particular pathway A new area is the manipulation of cofactors, which ... accumulation; (2) use of high producer plants for initiation of callus cultures; (3) biochemical analysis of derived cultures for their variability and productivity; (4) establishment of cell suspension...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... Pseudohypericin, Hyperforin) in St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Hypericum, an extract of the flower of St John’s wort, has been used for the treatment of depression for centuries (Mischoulon, ... trials 11 Use of Selected Medicinal Herbs for Chemoprevention 259 11.2.1.10 Studies on Novel and Wild Vaccinium Species Only a small part of the wild plant flora has been tested for any kind of bioactivity ... benefits for patients afflicted with early stages of Parkinson’s disease? This is 11 Use of Selected Medicinal Herbs for Chemoprevention 263 remarkable in light of the fact that manifold studies...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... and prefixes In the next example the suffixation of the reflexive (−l at) forces the use of the active person with prefixes of the voice medium class because the agent is affected by the action Example ... capable of modeling the morphology of the toba, would not work effectively The effectiveness of a grammar is a measure of their productivity (Heintz, 1991) Taking into account the productivity of ... language classification and the modeling of the great diversity of South American languages morphology can allow to obtain a formal concept of natural description of a language References Lelia Albarrac´n,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... too few offer strategies for meeting the needs of poor and lower-income people for financial services This paper reviews the experiences of various countries that have made use of one of the few ... similar use of fax machines in Morocco and the United Republic of Tanzania points to the value of establishing mechanisms for fostering the exchange of practical experience in the use of suitable ... otherwise Moreover, use of tax-exempt products, mainly benefiting the well-off, highlights the need for governments to use their ingenuity in devising and enforcing equitable forms of taxation rather...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 09:20

... for advertisements and from 49.7% to 66.3% for citations The complete learning curves for models of this form are shown in Figure We have tested training on more unannotated data; the slope of ... experiment we tested the effect of adding a small amount of supervision: augmenting the large amount of unannotated data we use for unsupervised learning with a small amount of annotated data There are ... models, which can be viewed as field segmentation models occurring at the level of discourse They perform unsupervised learning of these models from sets of news articles which describe similar events...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... MB MB MB MB MB MB MB Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Rat Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse [17] [2] [4] [4] [4] [4] [18] [23] [5] [24] [78] ... [25] [25] [89] [84] [86] [81] [79] Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse Mouse (abbreviations (GS-Gliosarcoma, GBM-glioblastoma multiforme, Astro-astrocytoma, ODG-oligodendroglioma, ... introduced by the use of germ line p53 inactivation alters immune system function in a number of significant ways in these animals, limiting the use of these models for evaluating the effect of anti-tumor...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... integrity of the histological diagnosis Harvesting alternate sections also ensures the procurement of a substantial mass of tissue, and therefore provides a sufficient yield of RNA for genetic studies ... subsequently banked and used for genetic analysis Few studies have reported the RNA quality of prostate cancer samples derived from RALP, and of these, small sample sizes of specimens may potentially ... tissue is of sufficient quality for use in high-demand genetic studies, with 73% of epithelial samples demonstrating a RIN > However, the converse is equally true, and we should note that 27% of epithelial...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... osteotomy of the lower tibia for the deformity (D) Page of (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research 2008, 3:13 Angular deformities not remodel and are often ... U-test for quantitative data of the term of bone consolidation and leg-length discrepancy, and using Fisher's exact test for qualitative data of the existence of ankle pain A p value of less ... one was for the initial trial of VFG, and the other was for the second trial of VFG after failure of bone consolidation in ipsilateral VFG Patients The mean age of the patients at the time of VFG...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... integrity of the histological diagnosis Harvesting alternate sections also ensures the procurement of a substantial mass of tissue, and therefore provides a sufficient yield of RNA for genetic studies ... subsequently banked and used for genetic analysis Few studies have reported the RNA quality of prostate cancer samples derived from RALP, and of these, small sample sizes of specimens may potentially ... tissue is of sufficient quality for use in high-demand genetic studies, with 73% of epithelial samples demonstrating a RIN > However, the converse is equally true, and we should note that 27% of epithelial...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... finite number of dominant frequency components In this way, the majority of audio signals is covered, except for the class of percussive sounds The performance of the different LP models described ... technique for LP of audio signals, see [12] and references therein In WLP, the input signal undergoes a nonuniform frequency transformation before a conventional LP is performed, with the aim of enhancing ... analyze the performance of the conventional LP model, and illustrate the influence of the distribution of the tonal components in the analyzed signal In Section 4, five alternative LP models are reviewed...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... source information can be useful for speaker recognition These concerns motivated the use of features that can complement the traditional vocal tract features for a better characterization of the ... changes in the spectrum because of the exponent term α Therefore, although these features quantify the same type of information, their performance may be different for speech signals 2.1 Subband ... order can be used because of the larger feature set Preliminary experimental results indicated that a model order of 24 was the optimal order for the proposed feature set given models of orders...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... capacity for application of the rainfallrunoff models for flood forecasting, using observed rainfall from a network of rain gauges whose data can be transmitted to the forecast center, for the ... improvement of accuracy and extending the lead time for flood forecasting, inundation warning of Tra Khuc – Ve river basins 2.1 Study on extending the lead time of flood forecast Theoretical principle of ... Scheme for connection of flood forecasting and inundation warning is shown in Figure Figure Scheme for flood forecasting and inundation warning of Tra Khuc – Ve river basin Some research results of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/07/2014, 16:21

... conditions and could be used as a reliable method for logging changes in plant water status The use of this methodology permits the detection of stresses caused by the presence of pathogens that affect ... depression of the stem, owing to the necrosis of the bark and vascular tissues They averaged 10 cm in length at the end of the experiment stem The stem diameter evolution of plants for the different ... growth was 1.57 mm for control plants, 1.44 mm for H mediterraneuminoculated plants and -0.32 mm for those inoculated with B stevensii The growth rate of the stem diameter of the non-inoculated...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... of the plant of particular interest for ontogenetic studies; and (ii) to have a more accurate definition of the state or the development stage of organs and tissues for sampling, especially for ... number of buds on September (table II) The date of floral transformation of some of the buds in these radiographs was estimated as being the same as on the excised shoots For the population of buds ... appeared, because of the small doses of radiation accumulated (25 rads for seems h of exposure which represents about 12 to the LD about , 50 20 000 rads for seeds, or to the doses used to induce...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... univariate systems: DIFFERENT MODELS FOR DIFFERENT TRAITS A third requirement for the applicability of the canonical transformation is the use of the same model for each trait Again, several ... right-hand side of the RAM equations, which after canonical transformation is of the form: After each solution of the reduced system of equations, or after each iteration in YQi(P) and YQi(n) of [30] ... the transformed &dquo;,, Q animal m Finally: scale, the Q on = ((aa Q ) ¡ and Q- the transformed scale at iteration but we (k) Q and R Partition vector of observations for animal m vector of fixed...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:22