ur p 1996  a course in language teaching practice and theory cambridge

... used in teacher training programs to develop teaching competences of pre – service teachers Micro – teaching process involves several stages among which lesson planning is the first stage playing ... questions and semi-structured interview were applied to collect data The findings indicated that from both students‟ and teachers‟ perspectives, creating learning activities and determining the ... difficulty in completing each step of lesson planning 32 4.2.2 Problems in completing each step of the lesson planning process 35 4.3 Research question 44 4.3.1 The level of difficulty in

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2021, 09:40

... not surprising that, in trying to understand homotopy equivalence, J H C WHITEHEAD -in his epic paper, "Simplicial spaces, nucleii and Whitehead's combinatorial approach to homotopy theory ... covering space p : £ -? K such that p # (7T 1 £) = G In particular K has a universal covering space (Reference: [SCHUBERT, p 204]) D We define p: E + K to be a covering in the CW category provided ... H m-groups"-proceeded in the same spirit We... describe how we shall attempt to formulate homotopy theory in a particularly simple way In the end (many pages hence) this attempt fails,

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 20:20

... X and Y were independent r.v.’s distributed as χ 2 r 1 and χ 2 r 2 , respectively. Suppose now that the r.v.’s X and Y are independent and distributed as χ ′ 2 r 1 : δ and χ 2 r 2 , respectively, ... (m + n − 1) 2 rq p rq p2 q p q ) p2 vector of expectations: vector of variances: (np1, , npk)′ (np1q1, , npkqk)′ 0 < p < 1, q = 1 − p (Geometric f ( x) = pq x , x = 0, 1, Multinomial f ( x1 , ... from linear algebra employed in statistics, see also C. R. Rao, Linear Statistical Inference and Its Applications, Chapter 1, Wiley, 1965; H. Scheffé, The Analysis of Variance, Appendices I and

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... model to be employed in this paragraph will be introduced by an appro- priate modification of Examples 1 and 2. EXAMPLE 4 Referring to Example 1, consider the I machines mentioned there and also J ... Consider I machines, each one of which is manufactured by I different compa- nies but all intended for the same purpose. A purchaser who is interested in acquiring a number of these machines is then ... few such problems. Crop yields corresponding to different soil treatment. Crop yields corresponding to different soils and fertilizers. Comparison of a certain brand of gasoline with and without

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... grouped data; take the midpoints for the finite intervals and the points 65 and 160 for the leftmost and rightmost intervals, respectively.) 13.8.7 Consider a group of 100 people living and working ... 7, we have RLPBpLPBp pLP B pL P B pL pLP B pLP B c λ δ 0 10 0 21 1 010 12 1 12 010 121 1 () =∈ () +∈ () =∈ () +−∈ () [] =+ ∈ () −∈ () [] ZZ ZZ ZZ (51) and this is equal to pL pLf pL f d B 12 01 ... sample space S and let {B j , j = 1, . . . , s} be another partition of S. Let p ij = P( A i ∩ B j ) and let pppp iijjij i r j s ,.== == ∑∑ 11 13.3 UMP Tests for Testing Certain Composite Hypotheses

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... is, four different methods of estimation of the same parameter θ pro- vided three different estimators. This is not surprising, since the criteria of optimality employed in the four approaches ... interested in securing power at least 0.9 against the alternative θ1 = 0.25 iv) Determine the minimum sample size... 12 Point Estimation Thus {Un} and {Wn} or {Vn} and {Wn} are not even comparable on ... 323 following properties: Unbiasedness, (uniformly) minimum variance, minimax, minimum average risk (Bayes), the (intuitively optimal) property associated with an MLE. If however, the sample size

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... and h is (entirely) independent of θθ θθ θ. PROOF The proof is given separately for the discrete and the continuous case. Discrete case: In the course of this proof, we are going to use the notation ... There are two approaches which may be used The first is appropriate when complete sufficient statistics are available and provides us with a UMVU estimator Using the second approach, one would ... determine a lower bound for the variances... one-parameter exponential form and identify the various quantities appearing in a one-parameter exponential family i) X is distributed as Poisson;

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... X is interpreted as a specified measurement taken on each item of a product made by a certain manufacturing process and cj, j = 1, 2, 3 are the profit (in dollars) realized by selling one ... of Random Variables and Random Vectors 9.1 The Univariate Case The problem we are concerned with in this section in its simplest form is the following: Let X be an r.v. and let h be a (measurable) ... [...]... T and set A = h−1(B) Then A is an interval in S and () ( [ ( )] () ) [( ) ] ( ) () P Y ∈ B = P h X ∈ B = P X ∈ A = ∫ fX x dx A Under the assumptions made, the theory of changing the

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... inp X t it n it t φ () =+ () = = − = 0 1 0 , so that E(X ) = np. Also, d dt t inp d dt pe q e inp n pe q ipe e pe q ie inpn p npn p EX X t it n it t it n it it it n it t 2 2 0 1 0 21 0 22 1 11 ... E X np n p X E X EX n p np np n p np p npq 222 2 22 2 22 11 1 () =− () + [] () = () − () =−+−=− () = and σ ; that is, σ 2 (X ) = npq. 2. Let X be P( λ ). Then φ X (t) = e λ e it − λ . In fact, ... stated, which provides a parsimonious way of checking independence of r.v.’s 178 7 Stochastic Independence with Some Applications To start... the probability space (S, A, P) and recall that

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... the following property: P( X ≤ x p ) ≥ p and P( X ≥ x p ) ≥ 1 − p. For p = 0.25 we get a quartile of X, or its d.f., and for p = 0.5 we get a median of X, or its d.f. For illustrative purposes, consider ... = 105 and σ = 20. What proportion of the individuals in the group in question has an IQ: i) At least 150? ii) At most 80? iii) Between 95 and 125? 4.1.12 A certain manufacturing process produces ... an open interval is an open set, the entire real line ‫ ޒ‬is an open set, and so is the empty set (in a vacuous manner) LEMMA 1 Every open set in ‫ ޒ‬is measurable PROOF Let G be an open

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... switching it to the left and stopping at digit a, then switching it to the right and stopping at digit b and, finally, switching it to the left and stopping at digit c. If the distinct digits a, b and ... P( A )P( C); iii) P( B ∩ C) = P( B )P( C); iv) P( A ∩ B ∩ C) ≠ P( A )P( B )P( C). Thus the events A, B, C are pairwise independent but not mutually independent. 2.5* Product Probability Spaces The concepts ... urn and the balls may be replaced by a box containing certain items manufactured by a certain... Continuous Random Variables (and General Concepts 3.1 Soem Random Vectors) 65 3 .2. 22 (Polya’s

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... statistics A typical three-semester course in calculus and some familiarity with linear algebra should suffice for the understanding of most of the mathematical aspects of this book ... specify the range of j,... shown in Fig 1. 6 It is worthwhile to observe that operations (4) and (5) can be expressed in terms of operations (1) , (2), and (3) S Figure 1. 6 A1 Δ A2 is the shaded ... Transformations of Random Variables and Random Vectors 212 9 .1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Chapter 10 10 .2 Order Statistics and Related Distributions 245 Exercises 252 Further Distribution Theory: Probability

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 16:21

... without revealing anything else about 1.2 Modern Cryptography: ... probabilistic polynomial-time Turing machine and abbreviated as PPT, is a Turing machine equipped with an extra random tape Each ... cryptanalysis” 1.2 Modern Cryptography: Provable Security Modern Cryptography is the transition from cryptography as an art to cryptography as a principle-driven science Instead of inventing ... eavesdropper Eve Suppose, Alice and Bob in fact do not trust each other but wish to perform some joint computation For instance, Alice and Bob each have a (private) list and wish to find the intersection

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2014, 16:32

... Penny A coursein languageteaching:practiceand theory / PennyUr p cm Includesbibliographical refrrences ISBN978-0-521 -44994-6paperback Languageand language- Studyand teaching. I Title P5 1.U71995 ... clearconceptionof the principlesunderlyinga particularteachingprocedurecanthenusethoseprinciplesto inform and create furtherpractice;otherwisethe originalprocedurernayremainmerelyan isolated,inerttechniquewhich ... broken down into components for purposesof study Part I presentsthree such components:the teaching acts of ( 1) presentingand explaining new materi aI; (2) providing practice; and (3) testing Note...

Ngày tải lên: 27/07/2016, 15:29

... Course in Language Teaching: Practice and Theory Penny Ur Frontmatter More information © Cambridge University Press www .cambridge. org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-44994-6 - A Course in ... Language Teaching: Practice and Theory Penny Ur Frontmatter More information © Cambridge University Press www .cambridge. org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-44994-6 - A Course in Language Teaching: ... Teaching: Practice and Theory Penny Ur Frontmatter More information © Cambridge University Press www .cambridge. org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-44994-6 - A Course in Language Teaching: Practice...

Ngày tải lên: 14/06/2014, 19:58

... upper bound for A if a ≤ p for every a in A An element p in P is the least upper bound of A (l.u.b of A), or supremum of A (sup A) if p is an upper bound of A, and a ≤ b for every a in A implies ... diagrams in Figure the corresponding poset is a lattice, with the exception of (e) The poset corresponding to diagram (e) does have the interesting property that every pair of elements has an upper ... both sup A and inf A exist (in P ) The elements sup A and inf A will be denoted by A and A, respectively All complete posets are lattices, and a lattice L which is complete as a poset is a complete...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 14:57

... support in finding ways of constructing links and communicating their understanding and experiences to others (Bennett and Dunne 1994) “Learning to things and learning to think are both helped ... schools and teachers understand how to put their language policy into practice Opportunities for teachers to share good practice and for on-going continued support might be key elements in developing ... be using the following types of language asking open and closed questions, responding to and repeating student answers, giving instructions, using activity related language and directing specific...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2016, 19:37

... Sylvain Sorin, Ran Spiegler, and Arthur Sweetman for giving us advice and pointing out improvements Finally, we thank Wulong Gu and Arthur Sweetman, who provided us with outstanding assistance in ... k and (pk being the probability with which player i uses his kth pure strategy) This set is nonempty, convex, and compact Since expected payoff is linear in the probabilities, each player's payoff ... generously putting superlative software in the public domain Camera-ready copy was produced by Type 2000, Mill Valley, California, and the book was printed and bound by The Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 12:15

... representing a system as an inputoutput mapping, and did not concern ourselves with how such a mapping might be de ned We will now outline the main idea behind the modeling framework used in ... informal level, the interplay between linear and nonlinear aspects in this approach The purpose of this chapter is to provide some context and motivation for the mathematical work and problems we will ... Controol Theory Volker Wagner This is page i Printer: Opaque this A Course in Robust Control Theory a convex approach Geir E Dullerud University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Fernando G Paganini University...

Ngày tải lên: 01/01/2014, 17:41

... direction of increasing r, holding θ and φ fixed; e θ is the unit vector pointing the direction of increasing θ, holding r and φ fixed; and e φ is the unit vector pointing the direction of increasing ... surface"? Consider an example Example: Suppose the steady state temperature profile in some heat conduction problem is given by: T(x,y,z) = x + y2 + z2 Perhaps we are interested in ∇T at the point ... Of Applied Mathematics, Prentice-Hall, 1978 ♦ The “right-hand rule”: with the fingers of the right hand initially pointing in the direction of the first vector, rotate the fingers to point in...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:48