uncertaininput models in online sentence comprehension

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... 2D CRF for Sentence Relation Labeling. In a thread containing N sentences, we would have a 2D CRF containing N 2 nodes in a N × N grid. Exact inference in such a graph is intractable. In this paper ... a sentence is the be- ginning sentence of a post. 557 resulting sentence type tagging is used in the sec- ond pass to determine dependency relations. For part-of-speech (POS) tagging of the sentences, ... earlier, in- stead of stating its own question. Also, sentence S5 should not be included in the correct answer since it is not a working solution, which is indicated by a negative feedback in sentence...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:37

... employing the following activities: reading for general understanding, reading to extract specific information, reading for detailed comprehension, predicting continuous events and then reading ... Listening, Reading, Grammar and Writing. Reading is the beginning part of each unit. The aims of this is that through reading and through developing reading skills such as scanning, skimming, ... you think is the most difficulty when teaching reading comprehension with the textbook?" are aimed at investigating difficulties the teachers are coping with in teaching reading comprehension. ...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 14:43

... however, other financial risks in the balance sheet – including credit and interest rate risk – are usually very small. Credit risk is only a minor component of overall financial risks, in particular ... “Managing financial crises in emerging market economies: experience with the involvement of private sector creditors” by an International Relations Committee task force, July 2005. 33 “Integration ... more accurate approximation, still using a simplifying assumption (ratings migrate instantaneously) and using a linear approximation of price changes (i.e. using modified duration), shows that...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 10:20

... corresponding to splitting the interval [−6, 10] into N = 100 bins. We have performed the same analysis under thinner refinements, that is N = 200 and N = 300. In general, error numbers increase ... regression, shrinkage, robust regression, expo- nential smoothing, Kalman filter) for measuring the Value at Risk of a portfolio are studied and compared. Automatic Trading: Winning or Losing in a kBit We ... presentations. People also ask for focused training lectures on practical issues in model implementation. In response, we have invested a considerable amount of time in writing a book that offers a “hands-on”...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 13:20

... concate- nation baseline. In particular, Switching:Max could gain up to 2.2 BLEU points over the concatenation baseline and 0.39 BLEU points over the best per- forming baseline (i.e. linear mixture ... Resnik. 2008. Online large-margin training of syntactic and struc- tural translation features. In In Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Lan- guage Processing. ACL. David ... 2010. Discriminative instance weighting for domain adapta- tion in statistical machine translation. In Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Nat- ural Language Processing, EMNLP...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... model was esti- mated by transcribing 50 randomly chosen dialogs from the training set in Section 4.2 and calculat- ing the frequency with which the ASR engine rec- ognized ˜ A t such that ˜ A t = ... this way, we were able to create synthetic training sets of varying sizes, as well as a test set of 1000 dialogs. Each generated dialog d in each training/test set consisted of a sequence of values ... distributions in our model are multinomials. Hence θ is a vec- tor that parameterizes the user model according to Pr(A t = a | S t = s, U t = u; θ) = θ asu . The problem we are interested in is estimating...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... con sentences are a mixture of opinions and facts, making identifying them in online reviews a distinct problem from opinion sentence identi- fication. Finally, we also apply the resulting ... Proceed- ings of International Conference on Computa- tional Linguistics (COLING-2000). Saarbrücken, Germany. Hu, Minqing and Bing Liu. 2004. Mining and summarizing customer reviews". Proceedings ... for automatically identifying reasons in online reviews and introduce a novel technique to automatically label training data for this task. We assume reasons in an online review document are...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... collaborative- filtering techniques. In content-based filtering, we solve the problem of data sparsity in online con- tent by smoothing using latent topic information. In collaborative filtering, we model ... mutual information between users after doing an average-link clustering on their pairwise mutual information. In a clean clustering, intra- cluster mutual information should be high, while inter-cluster ... seeking timely update and latest information. Online com- munity sites appear in many forms, for example, online forums, blogs, and social networking web- sites. Here we focus our study on online...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... types in different models. Optimal control models in finance can take different forms including the following: bang-bang control, deterministic and stochastic models, finite and infinite horizon models, ... programming models in finance not only provide useful information for computing purposes, but also for determining efficiency or show prices of financial instruments. The STV Approach to Financial ... Springer's eBookstore at: http://ebooks.springerlink.com and the Springer Global Website Online at: http://www.springeronline.com Optimal Control Models 15 a suitable differential equation solver...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 06:20

... that contains a protein, involucrin. This protein is synthesized in the stratum spinosum and cross-linked in the stratum granulosum by an enzyme that makes it highly stable. Involucrin provides ... classified into apocrine or eccrine (merocrine). In domestic ani- mals, the apocrine gland is extensively developed and found throughout most of the skin. However, in humans it is found only in specific ... shield in many animals. The apocrine and eccrine sweat glands produce a secretion that contains scent and functions in territorial demarcation. The integument plays a role in metabolizing keratin,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 14:20

... suc- cessful. In the ambit that we are studying we can think that if a word is a string of prefixes, a stem and suffixes, one automata head will read will the prefixes and the other the suffixes. Taking into account ... Aires, Argentina. Evan L. Antworth 1990. PC-KIMMO: a two-level processor for morphological analysis.No. 16 in Oc- casional publications in academic computing. No. 16 in Occasional publications in academic ... markation active-inactive on the verbal prefixes (Messineo, 2003; Klein, 1978). There are in this language two sets or ver- bal prefixes that mark action: 1. Class I (In) :codifies inactive participants,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Linguis- tics. Franz Josef Och. 2003. Minimum error rate training in statistical machine translation. In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics, pages 160–167, ... the BLM during decoding (rather than after de- coding) where source sentences are still proceeded from the beginning to the ending. Rosenfeld et al. (1994) introduce trigger pairs into a maximum ... looking at the succeeding context according to P b (w m 1 ) = m  i=1 P (w i |w m i+1 ) ≈ m  i=1 P (w i |w i+n−1 i+1 ) (2) 3.1 Training For the convenience of training, we invert the or- der in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Linguistics Improving On-line Handwritten Recognition using Translation Models in Multimodal Interactive Machine Translation Vicent Alabau, Alberto Sanchis, Francisco Casacuberta Institut Tecnol ` ogic d’Inform ` atica Universitat ... Still, inverse IBM models perform better than the n-grams alone. Log-linear models show a bit of improvement with respect to IBM models. However, linear interpolated models perform the best. In the ... discriminative training of direct translation models. In International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Process- ing (ICASSP’98), pages 189–192, Seattle, Washing- ton, USA, May. [Rabiner1989]...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... Chern, Donghui Feng, Erin Shaw, and Eduard Hovya. 2006a. Mining and assessing discussions on the web through speech act analysis. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Web Content Mining with Human Language ... 5th International Semantic Web Conference. Jihie Kim, Erin Shaw, Donghui Feng, Carole Beal, and Eduard Hovy. 2006b. Modeling and assessing student activities in on-line discussions. In Proceedings ... moderation in a large online conversation space. In Proceedings of ACM CHI 2004 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Vienna Austria, pages 543– 550. Mitchell P. Marcus, Beatrice Santorini,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 03:20

... sentences that have received a complete, spanning parse: 85.14% of the sentences in the training and parameter tuning set, and 84.59% in the blind test set fall into that category. Most sentences ... clauses (e.g., in imperatives), the finite verb is in initial position. Verb-second sentences contain one constituent preceding the finite verb, in the so-called “pre-field”. The finite verb ... result in less fluent output. Depending on the position of the finite verb, German sentences and verb phrases are classified as being “verb-initial”, “verb-second” or “verb- final”. In verb-initial...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 19:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 20:20