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Ngày tải lên: 14/10/2014, 01:07

... only used for the exhaust system? 4. How many basic types of filter are used? 5. Which type of filter is used mainly for the lubrication and fuel-injection systems? TEXT: FILTERS FOR DIESEL ... SYSTEMS The need for filters in systems 1. The most common cause of engine trouble is contaminants in the system; therefore, the most sensible way to maintain and preserve a high-performance hydraulic ... involves the transformation of mechanical energy from one form to another; hence, 100 percent efficiency is theoretically possible. On the other hand, all present-day methods for the large-scale...

Ngày tải lên: 01/03/2013, 17:01

... context in- formation at the sentence level, we adopt the topical context information in our method for the following reasons: (1) the topic informa- tion captures the context information beyond the ... adaptation for statistical machine translation. Machine Translation, pages 187-207. Nicola Ueffing, Gholamreza Haffari and Anoop Sarkar. 2008. Semi-supervised Model Adaptation for Statisti- cal Machine ... source toolkit for statistical machine translation. In Proc. of ACL 2007, Demonstration Session, pages 177-180. Yang Liu, Qun Liu and Shouxun Lin. 2006. Tree- to-String Alignment Template for Statistical Machine Translation....

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... Phrase-Based Model for Statistical Machine Translation. In Proc. ACL, pages 263-270. Michael Collins, Philipp Koehn and Ivona Kucerova. 2005. Clause restructuring for statistical machine translation. ... Derived Rules for Improved Statistical Machine Translation. In Proc. Coling, pages 1119-1127. Chao Wang, Michael Collins, Philipp Koehn. 2007. Chi- nese syntactic reordering for statistical machine ... Models for Statistical Machine Transla- tion. In Proc. Workshop on Statistical Machine Trans- lation, HLT-NAACL, pages 127-133. 920 Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the Association for...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... Discriminative Phrase Selection for SMT. In: Goutte et al (ed.), Learning Machine Translation. MIT Press. K. Gimpel and N. A. Smith. 2008. Rich Source-Side Context for Statistical Machine Translation. ... Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 834–843, Uppsala, Sweden, 11-16 July 2010. c 2010 Association for Computational Linguistics Bilingual Sense Similarity for Statistical Machine Translation ... units. Therefore, questions emerge: how good is the sense similarity computed via VSM for two units from parallel corpora? Is it useful for multi- lingual applications, such as statistical machine...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... Number of Foreign Words Annotated BLEU Score Number of Foreign Words Annotated the approx. 54,500 foreign words we selectively sampled for annotation cost = $205.80 last approx. 700,000 foreign ... HNG, for short. HNG solicits translations only for trigger n-grams and not for entire sentences. We provide senten- tial context, highlight the trigger n-gram that we want translated, and ask for ... estimate the time required for POS annotating. Kapoor et al. (2007) assign costs for AL based on message length for a voice- mail classification task. In contrast, we show for SMT that annotation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... 31–36, Uppsala, Sweden, 13 July 2010. c 2010 Association for Computational Linguistics Unsupervised Search for The Optimal Segmentation for Statistical Machine Translation Cosákun Mermer 1,3 and Ahmet ... Foster, editors, Learning Machine Transla- tion, chapter 5, pages 93–110. MIT Press. Nizar Habash and Fatiha Sadat. 2006. Arabic prepro- cessing schemes for statistical machine translation. In ... Evan Herbst. 2007. Moses: Open source toolkit for statistical machine translation. In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Asso- ciation for Computational Linguistics, Companion Volume:...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... estimation for machine translation. In The JHU Workshop Final Report, Balti- more, Maryland, USA, April. David Chiang, Kevin Knight, and Wei Wang. 2009. 11,001 new features for statistical machine ... estimation for machine translation. Computational Linguistics, 33(1):9–40. Taro Watanabe, Jun Suzuki, Hajime Tsukada, and Hideki Isozaki. 2007. Online large-margin training for statisti- cal machine ... the Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 211–219, Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Goodness: A Method for Measuring Machine Translation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... Association for Computational Linguistics. Philipp Koehn et al. 2007. Moses: Open source toolkit for statistical machine translation. In Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Association for ... SSRs. Notice that for each new sentence generated, we al- low for application of only one substitution. Although the idea is straightforward, we face two problems in practice. First, for frequent ... Association for Computational Linguistics:shortpapers, pages 294–298, Portland, Oregon, June 19-24, 2011. c 2011 Association for Computational Linguistics Corpus Expansion for Statistical Machine...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... Decoder for Phrase-based Statistical Machine Translation Mod- els. In Proc. of the Association for Machine Trans- lation in the Americas (AMTA). P. Koehn. 2004b. Statistical Significance Tests for Machine ... 2006. c 2006 Association for Computational Linguistics Combination of Arabic Preprocessing Schemes for Statistical Machine Translation Fatiha Sadat Institute for Information Technology National ... Spain. Y. Lee. 2004. Morphological Analysis for Statistical Machine Translation. In Proc. of NAACL, Boston, MA. Y. Lee. 2005. IBM Statistical Machine Translation for Spoken Languages. In Proc. of International...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:21

... rules. 5 Open-Source Machine Translation Despite the recognized need for translation, there is no widely used open-source machine translation system. One of the major reasons for this lack of success ... Boks 1080 Blindern; 0316 Oslo (Norway) ♠ Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA) { jtl@ifi.uio.no| oe@csli.stanford.edu} Abstract The LOGON MT demonstrator assembles independently ... professional transla- tors. Three quarters of the material are available for system development and also serve as training data for machine learning approaches. Using the discriminant-based Redwoods...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... 2005. c 2005 Association for Computational Linguistics Clause Restructuring for Statistical Machine Translation Michael Collins MIT CSAIL mcollins@csail.mit.edu Philipp Koehn School of Informatics University ... describe an approach for the use of syntactic information within phrase-based SMT systems. The approach constitutes a simple, direct method for the incorporation of syntactic informa- tion in a phrase–based ... this perhaps in the voting. Particles Before: Wir fordern das Praesidium auf, After: Wir auf fordern das Praesidium, English: We ask the Bureau, Infinitives Before: Ich werde der Sache nachgehen dann, After:...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... of support vector machines (SVM). However, Eq. 8 is more suitable for non-separable problems (which is often the case for SMT) since it directly models the conditional probability for the candidate ... corresponding to la- bel . The symbol is short-hand for the feature- vector . This formulation is slightly differ- ent from the standard maximum entropy formulation typ- ically encountered in NLP applications, ... abstract maximum entropy training formulation: (8) In this formulation, is the weight vector which we want to compute. The set consists of candidate labels for the -th training instance, with...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 15:20

... lexicon models lack from context infor- mation that can be extracted from the same paral- lel corpus. This additional information could be: Simple context information: information of the words surrounding ... surrounding the word pair; Syntactic information: part-of-speech in- formation, syntactic constituent, sentence mood; Semantic information: disambiguation in- formation (e.g. from WordNet), cur- rent/previous ... fact that the algorithm for computing the -best lists is sub- optimal. Table 8: Preliminary translation results for the Verbmobil Test-147 for different contextual infor- mation and different...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... additional parameter into the recursion formula for DP. In the following, we will explain this method in detail. 2.3 Recursion Formula for DP In the DP formalism, the search process is described ... little meaningful information or the information is different from the input. Examples for each category are given in Table 3. Table 4 shows the statistics of the translation performance. When ... experimental results for a bilingual cor- pus are reported. 1.1 Statistical Machine Translation In statistical machine translation, the goal of the search strategy can be formulated as follows:...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... LDC seg- menter 2 and Stanford segmenter version 2006-05- 11 3 . Both ICTCLAS and Stanford segmenters utilise machine learning techniques, with Hidden Markov Models for ICT (Zhang et al., 2003) ... 2009. c 2009 Association for Computational Linguistics Bilingually Motivated Domain-Adapted Word Segmentation for Statistical Machine Translation Yanjun Ma Andy Way National Centre for Language Technology School ... to be large. We can also observe that the ICT and Stanford segmenter consistently outperform the LDC segmenter. Even using 3M sentence pairs for training, the differ- ences between them are still...

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