ultrasound imaging of the murine kidney

... in the elimination of the infected cell [32] However, the expression of Tax seems to be reduced during the process of leukemogenesis [33], suggesting that Tax expression is a disadvantage for the ... transformation of indolent ATL On the other hand, patients with acute- or lymphoma-type ATL are usually treated with combination chemotherapy [21] The major obstacles in therapy are drug resistance of ATL ... induction of HTLV-1-specific CTL by OML ⁄ Tax could be adapted to prevent the relapse of ATL in postallogeneic stem cell transplantation patients The expression of Tax by the host cell targets them...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... lesions, supportive of the hypothesis that vitiligo may not be uncoupled from anti-tumor effect, and even indicative of the success of immunotherapy However, only

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... lesions, supportive of the hypothesis that vitiligo may not be uncoupled from anti-tumor effect, and even indicative of the success of immunotherapy However, only

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... IL-6, IL-17) Below the differentiation pathway, the inhibitory actions of T lymphocytes are presented T lymphocytes produce a vast array of inhibitory molecules, and several of these are elevated ... http://arthritis-research.com/content/9/2/103 blockade of GM-CSF production is sufficient to override the inhibitory action of IL-18 In contrast, IL-12 predominantly increases the production of IFN-γ, which is the principal osteoclast ... contrast to the pro-resorptive roles of T lymphocytes, several other T cell-derived interleukins and cytokines have the capacity to inhibit osteoclast formation and activity, and these may be...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... proteins [15] or the M2 protein [17] The objective of the present study was to define the role of CD8+ CTL directed toward the NP protein in defense against influenza virus infection of the respiratory ... washes, jaws of the dead animals were disarticulated and then removed One ml of 2% FCS-MEM was pushed through each nostril and the effluent collected from the posterior opening of the pallet Nasal ... role for CD8+ cells in the mouse pneumonia model of influenza, they did not evaluate whether they functioned in clearance of influenza virus from the respiratory mucosa In the present study, highly...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... to either the GCC or the DRE motif The most remarkable feature arising from the competition binding assay was the consistency of the binding preference of the AtERFs with the EMSA analysis The ... another ERF protein, CBF1 [14] The similarity of these ERF-binding elements and the high similarity of ERF domains among the members of the entire ERF family have led to speculation that the ... of the reporter gene The control in the transient assay was the same as the experiments without the addition of an effector The results are shown as relative luciferase activity per control These...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 13:20

... to quantify the amount of recovered protein owing to the presence of a high molar excess of BSA remaining in the buffer Therefore, a fixed aliquot of the protein was incubated with the indicated ... confirmed the nature of this protein (data not shown) Moreover, the spectrum reported in the figure showed the occurrence of a series of signals that were not interpreted simply on the basis of the ... of 70 kDa (marked by an asterisk), recognized to the same extent also by the GT sequence Binding of the GT oligomer was not a result of DNA interaction with the more abundant components of the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... preventing autoimmunity These regulatory cells can either develop in the thymus or differentiate in the periphery The central role of cytokines in driving the differentiation of these subsets has been ... T-cell differentiation, it will be of interest to see the role of the TFKs in regulating the differentiation of this subset Together, these studies suggest that the TFKs, particularly Itk, but also ... factor-b1 in the presence of IL-2 and low levels of inflammatory cytokines, can drive differentiation of regulatory T cells, required for the prevention of autoimmunity The balance between these cytokine-producing...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:21

... were used in the assay HLA-A24 level on the cell surface of T2-A24 cells is up-regulated in the presence of HLAA24-binding peptides Up-regulation of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of cell surface ... stimulated with either or both of these two peptides in vitro in the presence of autologous DC or PHA blasts as APCs After times stimulation over a period of four weeks, CTLs were examined for their peptide-specific ... manuscript TT and YH participated in the design of the study and performed the evaluation of the data TT helped to draft the manuscript SI contributed to the HLA-A24-binding assay and CTL induction...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... addition, the induction of IL-2 leads to autocrine support for the activation of the cell cycle machinery; the IL-2 signal induces the degradation of the cell cycle inhibitor p27 and expression of G1kinases, ... production of IL-2 The increased survival is a consequence of upregulated BclXL and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB 46 activation of APCs, it is indispensable during the initiation phase of the ... of the AP-2 clathrin adapter [12,13], leading to the rapid endocytosis of CTLA-4 In contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation results in the surface retention of CTLA-4 and the binding of PI-3K to the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... levels of expression of CXCR4 to ≈ 42% of those attained with Δ-nef virus, (p < 0.001) In contrast, downregulation of CCR5 in the same system only occurred to a level of ≈ 80% of that seen with the ... in the pressure of raltegravir were not made, as the experiment was internally controlled Finally, the results of Figure show that there was no direct effect of raltegravir on expression of any ... codons in the first and third amino acids of the env gene (construct termed pNL4-3-ΔE) Further modifications by mutagenesis included the substitution D116N in the integrase coding sequence of the pol...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:23

... with either the 75T or TF variant viruses; whereas their cytotoxic activity was less potent toward MDMs infected with either the wt or the 85F mutant virus (Figure 4) These data suggest that the ... summarized the results from a total of donors in Figure 6B Because the peak of the virus replication was between to 12 days after infection, depending on the donor and the virus, the peak p24 ... with the SH3 domain of several different cellular kinases including Hck [17,18] We tested whether the CTL-escape variants in the PxxP region would affect the Hck activation by Nef by using the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:21

... was associated with the abitity of Tax to downregulate the hTERT promoter To further assess the inhibitory effect of Tax on the transcription of the telomerase gene, the levels of hTERT mRNAs in ... analyzed the transcriptional profile of these shelterin genes together with that of hTERT in CD4+ T lymphocytes These cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy individuals and either left ... 2) Whereas the transcription of the TERF2 gene was greatly enhanced in these cells (10.3 for the DCH4 cells and 5.8 for the TSP/HAM cells), that of the POT1 gene increased 8.9-fold in the TSP/HAM...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... emerge by correcting the stop codons which prevent the expression of the second coding exon of Tat Our interpretation of this scenario in the context of our operational definition of an "immutable ... mutate The empirical results not support that assumption For example, the "k" in the middle of the Rev sequence seems to be easily changeable; as is the "r" in the middle of Env (Fig 7) Neither ... Individual clones were then isolated and sequenced In parentheses, the numerator indicates the number of clones with a given sequence and the denominator shows the total number of clones sequenced...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:21

... varying rules of the fundamental frequency (f0) of speech Because of these features, there are two most common way of synthesizing Vietnamese tones The first method is to change the f0 to get ... also the start-point of a period of the vowel This field is available for the first diphone only End-point of n period End-point of n+1 period End-point of n+1 period … All the data in the table ... screen of the software, in this screen user can see a map of Ha Noi with some places in bold title When an user read the title, for example "Bao tang Ho Chi Minh", the software will tell the user...

Ngày tải lên: 12/04/2013, 16:05

... 3222 in the presence or absence of tunicamycin Drug treatments resulted in the accumulation of forms of the mutant proteins that were of lower apparent molecular mass and of similar size to the unglycosylated ... confirmed that the two proteins are capable of interacting [33,34] The nature of these interactions differs from those observed between HFE and TfR1 in that they are mediated by the a3 domain of HFE, ... located at the end of an a-helical region of the HFE a1 domain (V100 and W103A) as being of particular importance for TfR1 interactions [16,17,20] The effect of HFE binding to TfR1 is to lower the affinity...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 22:21

... antibody-immobilized Cb2 isoform would remain in the pellet in the absence of 8-CPT-cAMP while they would be released to the supernatant in the presence of 8-CPT-cAMP The precipitates and supernatants ... free Ca1 The most likely explanation for these results is the presence of holoenzymes containing both Ca1 and Cb2 However, the coimmunoprecipitation could also be the result of pull-down of larger ... bands of 40 and 47 kDa, respectively (Fig 1B) All of these antibodies were raised against regions in the C subunit that are conserved and therefore not differ significantly between the C isoforms...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... perpendicularly to the long axis of the extended CaM molecule The portion of the K+-channel fragment containing the two helices is bound to the C-terminal lobe of CaM The EF-hand pair of the C-terminal ... is exposed to the solvent Overall, the binding of the hydrophobic face of the C20W peptide to the C-terminal lobe of CaM is equivalent to the binding mode seen in complexes with other peptides ... a-helix, connecting the fourth helix of the N-terminal lobe with the first helix of the C-terminal lobe The length and expected rigidity of the central helix, as suggested from the crystal structure,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... - Stat Stat The effects of IFN-a on pim-1 expression on the other hand were minor IFN-a treated cells alone did not express either of the genes after 24 h of treatment The effects of cotreatment ... inhibit further Stat5 phosphorylation Another possibility is that the suppression of Jak3 expression (Fig 1A) in the IFN treated cells affects the phosphorylation of the IL-2Rb chain and thereby ... on Stat5 dependent transcription of the IL-2Ra gene Effects of IFN-a on the PtdIns3K pathway Recently, the PtdIns3K pathway has been linked to the activation of the basic cell cycle machinery in...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:20