two types of family planning method

... hypothetical method of FP. In further sections women were asked about their knowl- edge of the mechanism of action of specific FP methods and if doctors or providers should explain the details of how a method ... Corresponding author Abstract Background: Informed consent in family planning includes knowledge of mechanism of action. Some methods of family planning occasionally work after fertilization. Knowing ... before choosing a certain family planning method. The objective of this survey is to explore women's attitudes towards postfertilization effects of family planning methods, and beliefs and...

... The uptake of family planning methods among women in Uganda is low, with current use of family planning methods estimated at 24%, but available data has not been disaggregated by HIV status. The aim of ... Half of the women (182) and 34% (100) of the men said their partners desired having more children. Use of family planning methods and contraceptive preferences for future use Knowledge of FP methods ... assess the uptake of family planning services, and unplanned pregnancies, among HIV-infected people. We conducted multivariate analysis for predictors of current use of family planning among women...

... limited-commitment planning paradigm, to per- form two types of p]annlng: prescriptive and re- strictive. Limited-commitment planning consists of both prescriptive (hierarchical expansion) plan- ning and of ... nature of the relation between text planner and text realiser? 2 Interleaving or Top-Down Planning? 2.1 The Trouble with Traditional Planning In the text planning that has been done, two prin- ... that generators of the future will have to be structured. One insight pertains to the problems encoun- tered when the various tasks of generation both of text planning and of realization ~...

... require to use dual methods Table 2 Percentage of users becoming pregnant in first year of use of method, with perfect use of the method Method Perfect use Combined Oral Contraceptive ... advised of this and this should be documented in the notes. Table 3: Summary of UKMEC Categories for Use of Common Reversible Methods of Contraception in women with or at risk of HIV ... the majority of women will test HIV negative, and the occasion of the HIV test can be used to promote HIV prevention in future. The UK department of Health advised a routine offer of HIV testing...

... cloned in Two types of RPA in seed plants T. Ishibashi et al. 3278 FEBS Journal 272 (2005) 32703281 ê 2005 FEBS Two types of replication protein A in seed plants Characterization of their functions ... shown). Analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants and RNAi mutants of A. thaliana homologs of OsRPA70a and OsRPA70b (AtRPA70a and AtRPA70b) A. thaliana was used for genetic analysis of the functions of OsRPA70a ... two seed plants, rice and Arabidopsis, there are two different types of RPA70- kDa subunit. Substantial biochemical and genetic characterization of these two subunits, termed OsRPA70a and OsRPA70b...

... pH-Dependencies of the autoxidation rate If the values of k f and k s are plotted against the pH of the solution, we can obtain a pH profile for the stability of HbO 2 . Fig. 3 shows such profiles for both of ... is of nonequivalence of the chains in haem oxidation. In this regard, it should be noted that such a chain heterogeneity of HbO 2 oxidation can be retained even in very diluted concentrations of ... compared subunit–subunit contacts between three types of interfaces (a1b1, a1b2, and a1a2) of HbO 2 and the corresponding COb 4 interfaces. As a result, they found that the b1b2 interface of the COb 4 tetramer is less...

... Realization of Social Context ( Source: Halliday& Martin 1993:25) 3 Levels of Context The interpretation of social context includes two levels of communication: genre (context of culture) ... metaphor are not two different phenomena; they are both aspects of the metaphorical strategy by which we expand our semantic resources for construing experience. - Two types of realization between ... Range 13 Part I: Introduction 1 Rationale Metaphor, based on the association of similarity, is one of the two basic types of semantic transference that have been an interest for many linguistic...

... Contraceptive use: all methods ever used, first method used, methods used recently Wantedness of all pregnancies F. Use of family planning (birth control) services Use of other medical services Title ... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomen sherepresentsinthepopulationiscalled hersamplingweight.Sampling weightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthis averagevaluedependingonthe respondentsrace,theresponseratefor similarwomen,andotherfactors.As withanysamplesurvey,theestimatesin thisreportaresubjecttosampling variability.SignicancetestsonNSFG datashouldbedonetakingthesampling designintoaccount. Nonsamplingerrorswereminimized bystringentquality-controlprocedures thatincludedthoroughinterviewer training,checkingtheconsistencyof answersduringandaftertheinterview, imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthe samplingweightsfornonresponseand undercoveragetomatchnationaltotals. Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandother statisticalaspectsofthesurveyare describedinmoredetailinanother separatereport(13). Thisreportshowsndingsby characteristicsofthewomaninterviewed, includingherage,maritalstatus, education,parity,householdincome dividedbythepovertylevel,andraceand Hispanicorigin.Ithasbeenshownthat blackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedly lowerlevelsofincome,education,and accesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance, thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandother factors,ratherthanraceororiginperse, probablyaccountfordifferencesinthe behaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthis reportamongwhite,black,andHispanic women(15). TableBshowsafactorthatshould beconsideredininterpretingtrendsin pregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnited States:thechangingagecompositionof thereproductive-agepopulation.In 1982,therewere54.1millionwomenof reproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in 1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2 million(16).Thelargebabyboom cohort,bornbetween1946and1964, was1834yearsofagein1982,2442 yearsofagein1988,and3149years ofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohorts werepreceded(upto1945)and followed(196580)bysmallercohorts. Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen 1544yearsofageroseby6million,or 11percentbetween1982and1995,the numberofteenagewomendroppedby about6percent,thenumberofwomen 2024yearsofagedroppedby 15percent,andthenumberofwomen 2529droppedby6percent(tableB).In contrast,thenumberofwomen3044 yearsofageincreasedsharplyfor example,thenumberofwomen4044 yearsofageincreasedby59percent between1982and1995.Also,women 3044yearsofageaccountedfor 54percentofwomen1544yearsofage in1995comparedwith44percentin 1982.Thesedifferencesinage compositionmayberelevantwhenever timetrendsamongwomen1544years ofagearebeingdiscussed. Publicuselesbasedonthe1995 NSFGareavailableoncomputertape. TheywillalsobeavailableonCompact DiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM). Questionsaboutthecostandavailability ofthecomputertapesshouldbedirected totheNationalTechnicalInformation Service(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad, Springeld,VA22161,703487-4650, or1800-553-NTIS.Questionsregarding theCD-ROMlesshouldbedirectedto NCHSDataDisseminationBranchat 301436-8500. Results T ables117containmeasuresof pregnancyandbirthintheUnited States. ChildrenEverBornandTotal BirthsExpected In1995,women1544yearsof ageintheUnitedStateshadhadan averageof1.2birthsperwoman (table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in 1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995, women1544yearsofageexpectedto nishtheirchildbearingwithan averageof2.2childrenperwoman (table1)comparedwith2.2in1988 and2.4in1982(17). Theproportionwhoreportthatthey haveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedly higherforcollegegraduatesthanfor thosewhodidnotcompletehighschool (table3).Thissamepatternbyeducation isalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsare examined(tables45):about49percent ofwomen2244yearsofagewhohad graduatedfromcollegehadhadnolive birthsasofthedateofinterview comparedwithjust8percentofwomen 2244yearsofagewithoutahigh schooldiploma(table4).Withinrace andHispanicorigingroups,thepattern wasthesame:collegegraduateshad markedlyhigherpercentschildlessthan womenwithlesseducation(table5). Table6showsacomparison betweenlivebirthsreportedinthe NSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirth certicatesintheyears199194.In eachindividualcalendaryearandfor thesumoftheyears199194,the NSFGestimateofthenumberofbirths isveryclosetothebirthcerticatetotal anddiffersfromitbylessthanthe NSFGssamplingerror.TheNSFG estimateisalsoverycloseforwhite women.TheNSFGestimateforblack womenisslightlylower,andthe estimateforotherracessomewhat higherthanthebirthcerticatedata.A discussionofthisdifferenceisgivenin thedenitionofRaceandHispanic originintheDenitionsofTerms. Overall,andbycharacteristicsother thanrace,however,table6showsthat TableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995 Ageơ ... thepopulation.Thenumberofwomen sherepresentsinthepopulationiscalled hersamplingweight.Sampling weightsmayvaryconsiderablyfromthis averagevaluedependingonthe respondentsrace,theresponseratefor similarwomen,andotherfactors.As withanysamplesurvey,theestimatesin thisreportaresubjecttosampling variability.SignicancetestsonNSFG datashouldbedonetakingthesampling designintoaccount. Nonsamplingerrorswereminimized bystringentquality-controlprocedures thatincludedthoroughinterviewer training,checkingtheconsistencyof answersduringandaftertheinterview, imputingmissingdata,andadjustingthe samplingweightsfornonresponseand undercoveragetomatchnationaltotals. Estimatesofsamplingerrorsandother statisticalaspectsofthesurveyare describedinmoredetailinanother separatereport(13). Thisreportshowsndingsby characteristicsofthewomaninterviewed, includingherage,maritalstatus, education,parity,householdincome dividedbythepovertylevel,andraceand Hispanicorigin.Ithasbeenshownthat blackandHispanicwomenhavemarkedly lowerlevelsofincome,education,and accesstohealthcareandhealthinsurance, thanwhitewomen(14).Theseandother factors,ratherthanraceororiginperse, probablyaccountfordifferencesinthe behaviorsandoutcomesstudiedinthis reportamongwhite,black,andHispanic women(15). TableBshowsafactorthatshould beconsideredininterpretingtrendsin pregnancy-relatedbehaviorintheUnited States:thechangingagecompositionof thereproductive-agepopulation.In 1982,therewere54.1millionwomenof reproductiveageintheUnitedStates;in 1988,57.9million;andin1995,60.2 million(16).Thelargebabyboom cohort,bornbetween1946and1964, was1834yearsofagein1982,2442 yearsofagein1988,and3149years ofagein1995.Theselargebirthcohorts werepreceded(upto1945)and followed(196580)bysmallercohorts. Whiletheoverallnumberofwomen 1544yearsofageroseby6million,or 11percentbetween1982and1995,the numberofteenagewomendroppedby about6percent,thenumberofwomen 2024yearsofagedroppedby 15percent,andthenumberofwomen 2529droppedby6percent(tableB).In contrast,thenumberofwomen3044 yearsofageincreasedsharplyfor example,thenumberofwomen4044 yearsofageincreasedby59percent between1982and1995.Also,women 3044yearsofageaccountedfor 54percentofwomen1544yearsofage in1995comparedwith44percentin 1982.Thesedifferencesinage compositionmayberelevantwhenever timetrendsamongwomen1544years ofagearebeingdiscussed. Publicuselesbasedonthe1995 NSFGareavailableoncomputertape. TheywillalsobeavailableonCompact DiscRead-OnlyMemory(CD-ROM). Questionsaboutthecostandavailability ofthecomputertapesshouldbedirected totheNationalTechnicalInformation Service(NTIS),5285PortRoyalRoad, Springeld,VA22161,703487-4650, or1800-553-NTIS.Questionsregarding theCD-ROMlesshouldbedirectedto NCHSDataDisseminationBranchat 301436-8500. Results T ables117containmeasuresof pregnancyandbirthintheUnited States. ChildrenEverBornandTotal BirthsExpected In1995,women1544yearsof ageintheUnitedStateshadhadan averageof1.2birthsperwoman (table1).Thiscompareswith1.2in 1988and1.3in1982(17).In1995, women1544yearsofageexpectedto nishtheirchildbearingwithan averageof2.2childrenperwoman (table1)comparedwith2.2in1988 and2.4in1982(17). Theproportionwhoreportthatthey haveneverbeenpregnantwasmarkedly higherforcollegegraduatesthanfor thosewhodidnotcompletehighschool (table3).Thissamepatternbyeducation isalsoseenwhendataforlivebirthsare examined(tables45):about49percent ofwomen2244yearsofagewhohad graduatedfromcollegehadhadnolive birthsasofthedateofinterview comparedwithjust8percentofwomen 2244yearsofagewithoutahigh schooldiploma(table4).Withinrace andHispanicorigingroups,thepattern wasthesame:collegegraduateshad markedlyhigherpercentschildlessthan womenwithlesseducation(table5). Table6showsacomparison betweenlivebirthsreportedinthe NSFGandlivebirthsregisteredonbirth certicatesintheyears199194.In eachindividualcalendaryearandfor thesumoftheyears199194,the NSFGestimateofthenumberofbirths isveryclosetothebirthcerticatetotal anddiffersfromitbylessthanthe NSFGssamplingerror.TheNSFG estimateisalsoverycloseforwhite women.TheNSFGestimateforblack womenisslightlylower,andthe estimateforotherracessomewhat higherthanthebirthcerticatedata.A discussionofthisdifferenceisgivenin thedenitionofRaceandHispanic originintheDenitionsofTerms. Overall,andbycharacteristicsother thanrace,however,table6showsthat TableB.Numberofwomen,byage:UnitedStates,1982,1988,and1995 Ageơ...

... other than black or white. Use of Family Planning and Other Medical Services (tables 85–96) Tables 85–96 show data on a number of aspects of use of family planning services and other medical ... type of provider and demographic characteristics of women 15–24 years of age at their first visit for family planning services. + More women (55 percent) received their first family planning ... receive their first family planning service from a private doctor or HMO (table 85). + Nearly 2 out of every 3 women who had a family planning service had their first family planning visit before...

... lexical network. These methods depend on the presence of the text vocabulary inside their network. So, to avoid any restriction about domains in such kinds of texts, we present here a mixed method ... developed another method that augments the first method by making use of information coming from a lexical co-occurrence network. 392 This network allows a mutual reinforcement of descriptors ... Thematic segmentation of texts: two methods for two kinds of texts Olivier FERRET LIMSI-CNRS B~t. 508 - BP 133 F-91403, Orsay Cedex,...

... quintiles, including the removal of user fees for family planning services by 2013. Zimbabwe will improve method mix and strengthen the integration of family planning with reproductive health, ... in the recommended list of essential medicines and subsidized to improve affordability. The family planning method mix will be expanded, and access to family planning methods for women living ... continuum of care are slated to be the cornerstones of the new strategy. The centre-piece of its strategy on family planning will be a shift from limiting to spacing methods, and an expansion of choice...

... treatment of childhood illness.  Post-partum Family Planning: In Mali, the approach applied to integrate family planning with postpartum care resulted in increasing the proportion of postpartum ... before 16 weeks of pregnancy. Number of ANC community outreach visits conducted by each health facility. Number of community meetings held to advocate for the importance of ANC. % of pregnant ... health, and family planning (MNCH/FP) programs across Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Illustrative cases of significant improvement achieved in a short period of time across the continuum of MNCH/FP...

... expressions of three types of hepcidins in dif- ferent organs and tissues were different. From the results of previous report, it is speculated that hepci- dins homologues may have a variety of roles ... h. Hemolytic activity of synthesized Japanese floun- der hepcidins The hemolytic activity of the synthetic Japanese flounder hepcidins was measured by using microtiter plate twofold dilution method [23]. ... different from that of human, mouse and other reported fish hepcidins. In liver, some cells expressed both types of hepcidins, while other cells expressed only one of them or neither of them (Fig. 6)....

... attributable to two major factors: first, a series of on-the-job-training activi- ties were conducted on the record keeping system, screen- ing checklists of family planning methods, administering injectable ... withdrawal of the interventions. The high coverage of routine activities of the FWAs, such as record- keeping and screening of contraceptive methods, was also sustained after the withdrawal of the ... use of service-delivery points even after the withdrawal of the interventions. The results of the cluster surveys, conducted in 1996, showed that the selected indicators of health and family- planning...

... Theorems of Viscosity Iterative Methods for a Countable Family of Strict Pseudo-contractions in Banach Spaces Rabian Wangkeeree and Uthai Kamraksa Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, ... Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 73, pp. 957–961, 1967. 3 K. Aoyama, Y. Kimura, W. Takahashi, and M. Toyoda, “Approximation of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive ... an immediate consequence of the subdifferential inequality. The first part of the next lemma is an immediate consequence of the subdifferential inequality and the proof of the second part can be...