... [6].Because ofthe rarity of monochorionic triplet pregnan-cies, there is no established guideline for management. The presence of an anomalous fetus further complicates the management of pregnancy. ... ofthe manuscript. YC was the director ofthe Maternal and Fetal Medicine Unit and par-ticipated in the design and revision ofthe manuscript. AITwas the director ofthe Reproductive Medicine ... to the mother to promotefetal lung maturation. The patient was readmitted to ourunit at 34 weeks for uterine contractions and impairedfetal growth. The size ofthelung lesion remained the same...
... function of the two isoforms, prompted us to analyze the organiza-tion and the promoter sequences (Fig. 4) ofthe two tryptasegenes. The length of both genes, as evaluated from the size of the PCR ... these tissues at the mRNA level. The simultaneous expression ofthe two isoforms could be due tosimilar regulatory mechanisms in these specific tissues. The coexistence in the same organism of ... 60-fold higher in the case of BLT. The tissue-specific expression ofthe two tryptaseswas evaluated at the RNA level by analysis of their dif-ferent restriction patterns. In lung, only BLT was...
... cells ofthe transgenic animals, and thereby promoted the development of carcinoma ofthe lung. This mouse model should prove useful to the study oflung carcinogenesis and to the identification of ... in the lungs of mice allows control ofthe tim‐Oncogenesis, Inflammatory and Parasitic Tropical Diseases ofthe Lung3 4 Section 3 Parasitic Tropical Lung Diseases 141Chapter 7 Tropical Lung ... addition to the increased incidence of spontaneous lung tumor, these transgenic mice were more susceptible to the development oflung adeno‐carcinoma after exposure to BaP. The risk oflung tumors...
... diagnosed in the right lung than the left lung. But, survival rates were nearly identi-cal for patients whose tumors arose in the right lung as compared to the left lung (Table 9.7). ‘Other’ category ... laterality).SubsiteOver 40% ofthelung cancers originated in the upper lobe no matter at which stage they were diagnosed. For stage I, 61.6% ofthe cancers originated in the upper lobe and 28.9% in the lower ... II, 53.9% ofthe cancers originated in the upper lobe and 34.1% in the lower lobe. For stages III, IV, and unknown, the origin Table 9.3: Cancer ofthe Lung: Number and Distribution of Cases...
... parameters may have distorted the data weobserved to learn about the target. The distribution of both k inds of parameters can be updated with the help of the Bayesian theorem. The posterior target para-meters, ... ofthe uncertainty of the SMR as a result of confounding can be determined. Weuse the carbon black example to apply and illustrate thismethod. Details ofthe procedure and explanations of the ... data), that is the posterior distribution of the param eters. The factor 1/P(da ta) is often called the pro-portionality factor and this factor links the posteriorwith the product of likelihood...
... under the control ofthe same promoter that activates the expression ofthe target gene. Therefore, expression ofthe target gene leads toexpression ofthe reporter, and the product ofthe reporter ... after the conversion of aproton into a neutron, with simultaneous emission of a neutrino (n). The positronis the antiparticle to the electron and the energy of emission can take a continuum of ... gene transfer to the lungs. The chapterdescribes the broad variety of agents that can be utilized. Similar agents can bedeveloped for new molecular targets in the lungs as they are identified.24...
... 60,514 cases of invasive lung cancer involving all races and both sexes obtained from the data for 1983–1987 ofthe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program ofthe National ... represents one lung cancer case for every 3 million cigarettes smoked. Thus, primary carcinoma ofthelung is a major health problem with a generally grim prognosis. Pathology The term lung cancer ... tumors arising from the respiratory epithelium (bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli). Mesotheliomas, lymphomas, and stromal tumors (sarcomas) are distinct from epithelial lung cancer. Four major...
... smoking-related, further increases the risk of developing lung cancer. Thelung cancer death rate is related to the total amount (often expressed in "cigarette pack-years") of cigarettes ... are clinically localized at the time of presentation may be cured with either surgery or radiotherapy. The beneficial role of chemotherapy in NSCLC is in palliation of symptoms and improving ... smoking. The prevalence of smoking in the United States is 28% for males and 25% for females, age 18 years or older; 38% of high school seniors smoke. The relative risk of developing lung cancer...
... cancers other than lung cancer, nor in lung cancers that have KRAS mutations. These EGFR mutations, often associated with amplification ofthe EGFR gene, usually confer sensitivity of these lung ... cases the development of EGFR TKI resistance is associated with the development of another mutation in the EGFR gene (T790M mutation), or amplification ofthe c-met oncogene. However, other ... syndrome) genes may develop lung cancer. First-degree relatives of lung cancer probands have a two- to threefold excess risk oflung cancer or other cancers, many of which are not smoking-related....
... inappropriate palliative rather than curative treatment. Often the paraneoplastic syndrome may be relieved with successful treatment ofthe tumor. In some cases, the pathophysiology ofthe paraneoplastic ... uncommon (1%), as are the renal manifestations of nephrotic syndrome or glomerulonephritis (≤1%). Chapter 085. Neoplasms oftheLung (Part 5) Clinical Manifestations Lung cancer gives rise ... and 97). Although 5–15% of patients with lung cancer are identified while they are asymptomatic, usually as a result of a routine chest radiograph or through the use of screening CT scans, most...
... Neoplasms oftheLung (Part 6) Diagnosis and Staging Screening Most patients with lung cancer present with advanced disease, raising the question of whether screening would detect these tumors ... (whether the tumor can be entirely removed by a standard surgical procedure such as a lobectomy or pneumonectomy), which depends on the anatomic stage ofthe tumor, and operability (whether the ... diagnosis of epithelial malignancy and distinguish small cell from non-small cell lung cancer. Staging Patients with Lung Cancer Lung cancer staging consists of two parts: first, a determination of...
... <2 cm distal to carina but without involvement of carina; or associated atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of entire lung for Staging ofLung Cancer. Chest 111:1710, 1997; with permission. ... metastatic pulmonary tumor nodule(s) in the ipsilateral nonprimary tumor lobe(s) ofthelung are classified as M1. Source: Adapted from CF Mountain. Revisions in the International System ... exams of a non-bloody, non-exudative pleural or pericardial effusion that clinical judgment dictates is not related to the tumor, the effusion should be excluded as a staging element and the...