treatment disposal and waste minimization management practices

... and Quality i Disposal i Treatment t R3/WE v Prevention POLLUTION AND WASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Figure Hierarchy of pollution and waste management strategies 6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND WASTE ... relied on disposal practices (predominantly landfilling and incineration), whereas industry has employed SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND WASTE MINIMIZATION intermediate steps of treatment and stabilization ... Reduction and Waste Minimization, Introduction, Future and Long-Term Liabilities, The Hierarchy of Waste Management, The Principles of Life Cycle, Costs of Environmental Management, P2 and Waste Minimization...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2016, 14:52

... unengineered disposal of waste on land (unengineered pits) became an acceptable and legal method for waste management in many industrial streams, including petroleum wastes, petrochemical wastes and off-spec ... waste management did not come into effect until the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976, with guidelines for solid waste management and a legal basis for implementation of treatment, ... States and England had time to deal with waste issues, our continued use and development of agricultural land has diminished our resources, and places high stress on those agricultural lands to...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... hazardous waste management standards, and provided for a comprehensive underground storage tank program The HSWA also provided for corrective action for releases from solid and hazardous waste management ... regulation of facilities and activities related to solid wastes (and of hazardous wastes as a subset of solid wastes), is conducted under the provisions of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act ... substantive part to regulate the day-to-day operation of solid and hazardous waste management facilities and activities through a permitting and standards system The RCRA also contains provisions related...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... of our environment with an eye toward human needs and use of the environment, and therefore addresses the science, engineering, and management practices which will help to conserve environmental ... environment, health and safety management) is a prerequisite to a world-class EH&S organization Integrated environmental management requires integrated environmental information management While ... we will need to be recognized and have a voice in the implementation and management of the data There may also be data items of importance to EH&S which should and could readily be maintained...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... wastes and the waste management strategy EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES ON WASTE MANAGEMENT 2.1 European Parliament and Council Directive on Packaging and Packaging Waste The Directive on packaging and packaging ... biomass, and water 2.2 Council Directive on Landfill of Waste The aim of the Directive on landfill of waste is, by way of stringent operational and technical requirements on the waste and landfills, ... one hand the collection and return of used packaging and packaging waste from the consumer, other final user, or from the waste stream in order to channel it to the most appropriate waste management...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... agricultural lands, forests, and areas of historical and geological value, and resulted in the dislocation of communities and loss of wildlife (6) Dam failure can cause catastrophic floods and thousands ... Separation and concentration Waste heat management Benefits Speed reaction times Reduce necessary temperatures and pressures Improve yields and reaction times Reduce necessary temperatures and pressures ... kill both the vegetation in the immediately affected lands and the aquatic life in streams and rivers receiving these waters Many lands and streams within the Appalachian coalfield areas of western...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... maintain good engineering practices These practices should include pollution control and waste minimization Heat transfer equipment is subjected to fouling and corrosion, which are among the major ... results for waste minimization Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All Rights Reserved Heat transfer innovations are improving energy handling in industrial processes, reducing pollution and wastes ... Fouling increases heat transfer resistance and waste of energy Good engineering practices include the use of fouling suppresants in heat transfer fluids and periodic cleaning of the exchanger walls...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... 1998 F P Incropera and D P DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 3rd ed New York: Wiley, 1990 10 D R Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 80th ed Cleveland, OH: CRC Press, ... chemical potential and aA is the activity of species A The activity is defined as the ratio of the fugacity ƒA to a standard-state fugacity ƒ˚A: aA = ƒA ƒ˚A (84) Activities and standard states are ... Schmidt number (see Table 3) Many standard handbooks and heat transfer textbooks list dimensionless transport relationships for engineering systems (9,10) STOICHIOMETRY AND CHEMICAL KINETICS Stoichiometry...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... smelting and refining wastewater, mill wastewater, removal of ammonium and nitrate ions, membranes in the aluminum industry, treatment of groundwater, treatment of uranium wastewater, treatment ... Sengupta and A K Sengupta, Hazardous and Industrial Wastes—Proceedings of the Mid-Atlantic Industrial Waste Conference Proceedings of the 1997 29th MidAtlantic Industrial and Hazardous Waste Conference, ... permeate Nanofiltration (NF) and RO have been used for removal of ammonium and nitrate ions from synthetic and actual mine effluents (5) In mine and mill water, ammonium and nitrate ions are generated...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... reagent, waste, and calibration/standard solution, along with the micromump and necessary fluidic network on a cable platform (Figure 2) The sample and reagent are thus brought together, mixed, and ... J Wang and Q Chen, Anal Chim Acta, vol 312, pp 39–45, 1995 13 J Wang, L Chen, A Mulchandani, P Mulchandani, and W Chen, Electroanalysis, vol 11, pp 866–869, 1999 14 J Wang, G Cepria, and Q Chen, ... water stream and provide the desired spatial and temporal information on target contaminants CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS Electrochemical sensor technology is still limited in scope and cannot...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... Level Type Waste Type Waste Type Waste Level One Map Element Waste Type Stream Mission Level Map Element … Type N Waste Waste Waste Stream Defined For each Waste Type Waste Type Stream Waste Type ... generation of waste These diagrams are used to decompose each waste type into specific waste streams For example, a waste type may be sanitary waste, and waste streams within that type may be food waste, ... outflows of waste and pollutants are divided into the eight categories shown in Figure These include transuranic waste (TRU), mixed low-level waste (MLLW), lowlevel waste (LLW), hazardous waste, solid...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... environmental management over time, with waste treatment beginning at the center, as the earliest management technique, and current and future management approaches extending from there Indeed, waste treatment ... ENVIRONMENT WASTE MINIMIZATION WASTE TREATMENT Raw Materials Process Design Product Design FIGURE Environmental management evolution Copyright 2002 by Marcel Dekker, Inc All Rights Reserved WASTE environmental ... reports are not due until July, and loading and analyzing the data takes about a year ROLE OF POLLUTION PREVENTION AND DESIGN FOR THE ENVIRONMENT As methodologies for waste minimization improved in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... zero level of waste management and therefore total release (emission, spill, and/ or discharge) into the environment Quantity of solid, liquid, and/ or gaseous waste managed by waste management (temporary ... quantity of waste generated is y = (1 − U)r Managed waste is further quantified by a waste management factor M, which is defined as the ratio between waste managed and waste generated: M = g y and can ... transportation, processing, and final disposal) Quantity of solid, liquid, and/ or gaseous waste released to air, water, and/ or soil/land, causing environmental pollution Waste recycling factor after...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... also the models and mechanisms of inter- and intramedia transport The concepts and models of chemodynamics are provided in significant detail by Thibodeaux (5), and by Reible and Choi (6) For ... accumulation, and (d) time These terms and their components must be consistent in analysis of, for example, technology comparisons in remediation or waste management methods for treatment of a process stream ... balances and individual component balances for overall matrix solutions Energy balances are handled in a similar fashion, incorporating thermodynamic properties and allowing for both open and closed...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... recycling, treatment, and disposal While it is possible, depending on the technology used, that recycling and treatment may increase risk to worker health because of increases in contact handling of waste, ... efforts are pollution prevention and waste minimization in the strictest sense and some (e.g., separation of waste types or satellite treatment followed by centralized treatment) are pollution control ... (LLW), and mixed LLW These and two other waste types are defined as follows: Hazardous waste Any substance containing waste that is regulated by RCRA, the Toxic Substances Control Act, and New...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... decision variables, x1 and x2, and they have > > to satisfy the conditions x1 = 0, x2 = 0, and x1 + x2 < The feasible set is = illustrated in Figure TABLE Payoff Matrix for Wastewater Treatment Plan ... designing a wastewater treatment plant Assume that there are two design alternatives which cost $2,000,000 and $2,500,000, respectively Assume that the capacities are 1500 m3/day and 2000 m3/day, ... mathematically In a discrete problem, let p and q be two alternatives, and let ƒ(p) and ƒ(q) denote the corresponding objective vectors We say that alternatives p and q are equivalent if ƒ(p) = ƒ(q)...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... reduction > recycle/reuse > treatment > disposal In this hierarchy, strategies for reduction and recycle/reuse are favored over “end-ofpipe” treatment and disposal options for waste material 5.1 Reduction ... produce 35–60% fly ash and 40–65% bottom ash and slag Other types of stokers produce about 10% fly ash and 90% bottom ash and slag Cyclone boilers are used for coal combustion and are designed to ... CCB use, and reducing the disposal of CCBs in landfills and surface impoundments This chapter will first present a review of important federal regulations influencing the generation and utilization...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... Dominant reactions and treatments occurring within wetlands are represented by the following five processes (11) Photosynthesis uses light energy and CO2 to form organic matter and O2 and reduce the ... natural and created wetlands have been used successfully to clean a variety of contaminants from water, including domestic sewage and industrial waste streams It is logical to investigate such wetlands ... bioreactor reportedly raised the pH to and reduced the iron and aluminum concentrations by 50% and 99%, respectively The treatment system was located inside the mine and could thus be operated year-around...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22

... cotton, knitting, and clothing This waste was divided into three categories: A: secondary raw material B: primary waste C: secondary waste Since A and B waste can be recycled, only C waste were submitted ... percent figures of waste on production phases It was possible to calculate figures for secondary raw material, primary waste, and secondary waste In terms of waste samples and quantities, samples ... Disposal Costs of and Profits from Textile Production Waste Textile waste is handled as a commercial good A positive price for a type of waste indicates a path for recycling the waste inside or...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 13:22