transport processes connecting the reactions of c4 photosynthesis

... expansion of knowledge of C4 photosynthesis following the first publication of the C4 pathway in 1967 stands out as one of the most exciting eras in the plant sciences As the C4 photosynthesis was ... together by linking C4 biochemistry, C4 anatomy, and the biogeography of C4 plants It is the efforts of these and the many other researchers who made the telling of the C4 story possible Their history ... for novel applications of C4 plants Since the discovery of the C4 pathway in the 1960s, there have been three major treatises on C4 photosynthesis The first was Photosynthesis and Respiration...

Ngày tải lên: 15/04/2015, 17:20

... how often they visited or walked by their first choice Once they had completed the ‘‘attractive’’ places section, participants were asked to place themselves on the other side of the aesthetic ... users The results of such studies show that one of the underlying dimensions of perceptual differentiation is related to the ‘‘extent of human intervention’’; in other words, the extent to which the ... reliability level of 05 DISCUSSION The analysis of the characteristics of the most attractive and most unattractive places in the city TABLE Correlations between the aesthetic attributes and the Perceived...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... + ak − k, (n) (n) yk − yk−1 = ak − The proof of Theorem 1.1 relies on the expression of the profile and of the width of (n) (n) (n) (n) the tree in term of the BFS random walk: observe that G1 ... following stages of the BFS, the vertex x at the head of the queue is removed from the queue, and all “new” neighbors of x are added at the end of the queue, in increasing order At step 0, the search ... convergence of moments of the total displacement towards the moments of the Airy law, already obtained by Flajolet et al [13]: the Airy law is known as the law of the area below the Brownian...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 06:22

... of the methodology and understanding of the research process to me - from the construction of a good quality research question, to the expression of one’s ideas and finally, the analysis of the ... individuals of an organization can strategically and wisely use their social networks and relationships to make sense of the newly changed organizational processes, then the challenge of the nature of the ... what and how are the social integration processes and dimensions inter-related in the use of ES? The contributions of this study are discovering and explaining the influence of SI processes and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 09:01

... the data in term of its distribution The value of the score is high if the two means of the classes are very different and the data of each class are crowded near the mean of the data Fisher Score ... In this thesis, the focus will be on a supervised method, i.e the outputs of the training examples are known and the purpose is to predict the output of new example In most of the cases, the outputs ... Chapter concentrates on the methodology of the experiments Then, the results and discussions based on the results obtained are covered in Chapter Lastly, the conclusions of the thesis are in Chapter...

Ngày tải lên: 28/09/2015, 13:38

... steam The results from the analysis of the spent catalysts are shown in Table The TGA analysis of the spent catalysts showed that co-feeding steam reduced the amount of coke deposited on the catalyst ... monitoring of coke precursors Further, the adiabatic cooling of the molecular beam and the low ionization energy (22.5 eV) greatly reduces fragmentation and simplifies the spectra of the upgraded ... (Table S1 shows the structure of these compounds) The peaks at m/z 66 and 115 are fragment ions of phenol and naphthol respectively The observation of phenols in the tail and not in the pulse could...

Ngày tải lên: 09/10/2015, 14:39

... studying the thermal behaviour of biomass due to lack of exact knowledge of the course of reactions and their degree of completion Moreover, the vast number of products resulting from the thermal ... only the rate of reaction, but also the actual course of reactions [21] Besides the sheer extent and range of pyrolysis reactions, several other issues complicate the modeling of pyrolysis More often ... values of the pre-exponential factor are found to lie in the range of 108e1014 sÀ1 The value of A for Cokad is of the order of 1014 from which it can be attributed that the rotations of the active...

Ngày tải lên: 27/07/2016, 15:56

... from point of support on the tractive unit in the case of semi-trailers, or the centre line of the front axle in the case of other trailers, to the centre line of the rear axle or the centre ... guise as the Institute of Logistics and Transport (ILT), he is currently Champion of the Institute’s Freight Transport Special Interest Group, a member of the Logistics Safety Forum and of the Institute’s ... the days of horse-drawn transport, the man who drove the wagon In the City of London, a bye-law controlling Carmen was passed in 1272 See also Carmen Carmen The Worshipful Company of Carmen The...

Ngày tải lên: 30/08/2013, 23:58

... performance If the number of steps approaches infinity, the stepped flow field extends to a tapered field that has the lowest cell performance The lower the number of steps and the height of the outlet ... directly related to the nature of the electrochemical reactions and represents the magnitude of activation energy, when the reaction propagates at the rate demanded by the current The activation overpotential ... cell is the conflicting requirements of the membrane and of the catalyst gas diffusion layer On the cathode side, excessive liquid water may block or flood the pores of the catalyst layer, the gas...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... Organization of the study The study includes three parts: - Part 1, INTRODUCTION, introduces the rationale for the research, the aims of the study, the scope, the methods and the organization of the study ... teaching in the context, specifying the shortcomings and then making suggestions to improve the teaching of pronunciation Aims of the study The aim of the study was to investigate how the teachers ... Structure of test A1 The structure of the test showed that there was no direct assessment for the students’ pronunciation There was an argument that the testing of listening included the area of pronunciation...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:45

... overview of the knowledge map of the subject a number of recommendations are put forward The scope of the exercise is limited in terms of time and resources, as outlined in the Terms of Reference ... as much of the detail of these targets as possible, This could include the range of roles at each level within the target institutions, the capacity of the stakeholders, compared to the necessary ... ensuring the effective use of ICTs in the health sector Programme designs should consider the role of the intermediary at the same time as, if not before, the role of the technology The time...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 09:20

... allowed? One of the main results of this paper is that, at this level of generality, uniqueness of the martingale measure implies only that the set of hedgeable claims is dense in the set of all contingent ... set A the process ht (A) is predictable 12 The intuitive interpretation of the above definition is that gt is the number of units of the risk-free asset held in the portfolio at time t The object ... in the t-variable, then the maturities can be chosen to be the same for every t Proof The main part of the statement follows immediately from Proposition 5.5 The last statement follows from the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 02:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS The addition of the protease is considered the zero time point The relative intensities of the peaks from the mass spectra were used to calculate the fraction of Pyr-ONC (M23L), ... (M23L) by the addition of AAP, as described in the Materials and methods Completion of the hydrolysis was confirmed by the disappearance of the (Met1)-ONC (M23L) signal in the MALDI-TOF mass spectra ... simultaneously interacts with the main phosphate of the substrate [32] The closer positioning of the N-terminus to the main protein body is essential for the activity and, together with the 87–104 disulfide...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... results obtained by other groups who also point to the role of the connecting loop of the b-hairpin of defensins A combination of mutational analysis [35] and structural analysis of the plant defensin ... plotted against the log of the measured MIC The aforementioned results showed that synthetic peptides corresponding to fragments of the MGD1 defensin reproduced the behaviour of the entire molecule ... Ôresidues in the protruding domain consisting of the type VI b-turn and the first part of b-strand 3Õ (i.e the b-hairpin loop and part of the adjoining b-sheet) and Ôresidues in the loop connecting...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... (indicated in bold) The enrichment for a given GO category was computed as the ratio of the distribution of the amino acid-regulated genes* versus the distribution of the genes spotted onto the microarray** ... microarray** *Percentage of the representation of one GO term among all the amino acid-regulated genes **Percentage of the representation of one GO term among all the genes present on the micro-array ... effects on the expression of 12 genes and opposite effects on the regulation of eight genes These results suggest that rapamycin inhibition of TORC1 modifies the expression of a set of genes that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... for the transport of lipids to this membrane [27] The yeast member of the family Tob55 ⁄ Sam50 is part of the Tob ⁄ Sam complex and is involved in the insertion of b-barrel proteins into the ... involved in the import of photosynthetic proteins However, the reduced accumulation of photosynthetic proteins is also tied to a reduction in the expression of the corresponding genes [17,65] Therefore, ... [17,65] Therefore, the extent of the physical involvement of the two receptors, atToc33 and atToc159, in the translocation of the photosynthetic preproteins (down-regulated in the mutants) is unclear...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... which anchor the protein in the membrane The position and function of the long C-terminal tail on the other hand remains a matter of controversy [10,11,13–15] According to one hypothesis, the hydrophilic ... with the co-chaperone Tic40 The TPR domain of Tic40 is considered to mediate the interaction with Tic110, whereas the Sti1-like Hip/Hop domain was shown to enhance the ATPase activity of the chaperone ... characterization of the single domains provided valuable insight into the possible functional role of Tic40: the Sti1-like region of Tic40 was shown to be functionally equivalent to the Sti1 domain of human...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... establish the importance of GSK3 in the acute regulation of glucose transport in terms of its regulatory control of GS in muscle and fat cells we have investigated the effects of Li and the anilinomaleimide, ... expression of a constitutively active form of GSK3 has no significant effect on insulin stimulated translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter and glucose transport [25] However, the value of these ... 1B shows that whilst preadipocytes express both GSK3 isoforms, the abundance of the b isoform declines by  85%, whereas that of the a isoform is virtually undetectable in differentiated adipocytes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... lysates of the DfpoA-O mutant or the DfpoF mutant was in the range of mUặmg)1 of protein and hence 10-fold higher than the rate of H2 production from F420H2 in the absence of CoM-S-S-CoB The H2 ... Furthermore, primers specic for the puromycin resistance cassette (pac) were used to verify the presence of the pac cassette in the mutant genomes The absence of the FpoF protein in the DfpoF ... Dual function of the FpoF subunit of the Fpo complex The cluster encoding the Fpo of Ms mazei and related Methanosarcina strains is composed of 12 genes (fpoA O) [3] Analysis of the Fpo subunits...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20