towards a model for multimedia geographical information systems

... Integration management Scope management Time management Cost management Quality management Human resource management Communications management Risk management Procurement management (Semi-)Formal models ... can ensure that all necessary approval steps are carried out before a project actually begins Each project plan can be archived as often as necessary by means of a plan version (PlanVersion) A ... outlined above by introducing a very fundamental data structure called Initiative (Fig 3) An initiative is a generalization of any form of action that has a defined start and end date and is undertaken...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20

... informative and aesthetic value 2.2 Towards Information Aesthetics The following factors have facilitated the recent growth and importance of information visualization, & in particular, information ... represent a certain dataset The model aims to facilitate an understanding of information aesthetics from the perspective of information visualization and visualization art, in its intentions and used ... interactive methods than visualization art and places more emphasis on visual style and experience than information visualization In this way, it is proposed that information aesthetic visualization...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... of machine translation Pavel Pecina, Antonio Toral, Andy Way, Vassilis Papavassiliou, Prokopis Prokopidis, and Maria Giagkou 2011 Towards using web-crawled data for domain adaptation in statistical ... Extrinsic Evaluation Measures for Machine Translation and/or Summarization, pages 65–72, Ann Arbor, Michigan, June Association for Computational Linguistics Adam Berger, John Lafferty, and John La Erty ... web as parallel corpora for cross-language information retrieval Web Intelligence, pages 218–239 Jian-Yun Nie 2010 Cross-Language Information Retrieval Morgan & Claypool Publishers Vassilina Nikoulina...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

... concerning an area, in a relational database which is easy to update and use Rapid and easy display of visually appealing maps of such information, be it in its original form or after applying to it database ... that (i) attribute databases can be used to identify maps of areas with certain characteristics and (ii) maps can be used to find database information related to certain locations The accuracy ... Expert systems and geographical information systems for impact assessment/Agustin Rodriguez-Bachiller with John Glasson p cm Includes bibliographical references and index Geographical information systems...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... questions) and with a much more “visual” approach based on icons and windows Database theory originates from 1970, and during the 1970s and 1980s the availability of commercial database-management ... database-management software became widespread, including advances such as the possibility of having programmable databases, or even so-called “intelligent” databases where the search for information can be subject ... procedures and data may have to be added to the list above, and we are talking about a so-called Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) (Densham, 1991), where GIS can – and often does – play an important...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... accident, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, Vol 15, No (January–February), pp 43–64 Van Slagmaat, M.J.M and Van der Veen, A. A (1990) Building an Environmental Information ... the data to the external model, which is estimated by statistical means Finally, a model may have been already designed and estimated for a particular situation and it only requires application, ... and Venkatachalam (1994) relate copper mining to air quality, damage to vegetation and cumulative impacts on human health in Bihar State (India) The potential impacts of hazardous waste have been...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... North Central Botswana; Baldina et al., 1999, for the Lower Volga Delta in Russia) Haack (1996) combines GIS and satellite data for monitoring wetland changes in East Africa Priya and Shibasaki (1997) ... use a similar approach in the South Island (New Zealand) Smallwood et al (1998) use map algebra to assess habitat quality for a conservation plan for Yolo County (California), Clarke et al (1999) ... Bender, S.O and Bello, E.E (1990) GIS Applications for Natural Hazards Management in Latin America and the Caribbean, Proceedings of the Urban and Regional Information Systems Association (URISA) Conference,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... “GIS for the 1990s” National Canadian Conference, Ottawa, Canada (March 5–8), pp 406–13 Armstrong, M.P and Densham, P.J (1990) Database Organisation Strategies for Spatial Decision Support Systems, ... sedimentary basin analysis, while Besio et al (1991) apply a non-geological ES to classify and analyse the landscape in an area Management as such: Coulson et al (1989) designed a system for pest management ... between a system that extracted knowledge from a manual on planning standards for Malaysia, and a system based on standard knowledge acquisition from an expert to deal with possible hazards in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... natural landscape or conservation area makes it practically obligatory to investigate landscape and land-ecology impacts; location in an archaeological area or an urban conservation area or historic ... in a map within the area (or a distance) of another In fact, most procedures are combinations of several others, and to perform automatically a relatively simple spatialanalysis operation can ... knowledge base) are used for “learning” (by asking the user) the general structure and composition of the map base: maps available, their names, information they contain, names for their features About...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... contains good summaries of all three sets of standards for the WHO, EC and UK, and Harrop (1999) also contains a useful international comparison of standards These averages are calculated automatically ... standard for a yearly average; for some (like SO2 or NOx) both the EU and the WHO provide standards for annual averages but only the WHO has one for hourly averages, and the standard most appropriate ... this data is not given, the model runs as a flat-terrain model Sometimes the variation from the standard approach is due to the physical state of the release (the standard model is ideal for gaseous...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... GIS can help identify landuses and features in an area, and quantitative analysis of that could give some form of “average” characterisation of that area, but not at the level of detail necessary ... information about the area or the site, any published good-quality descriptive information, like smallscale maps or aerial photographs, is also an essential starting point Ecological impact assessment ... can take various forms, usually including: (a) visual/landscape attraction; (b) social and amenity use; (c) educational value Sometimes, for instance as we get closer to urban areas, other reasons...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... capabilities, but only as a database with the ability to display maps of the information, with the advantages this can add to the understanding of the area The ultimate objective of the information sweep ... the Department of Employment Data Sources (e.g Labour Market Trends) that update and publish unemployment, vacancy and redundancy data on a monthly basis, and with a regional disaggregation For ... Simulation and calculation as alternatives in traffic impact assessment Figure 9.15 Simulation and calculation as alternatives in socio-economic impact assessment As with traffic, there is a choice...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... catchment areas: • Water-catchment areas for surface water systems can be worked out with GIS using a Digital Terrain Model or a “surface” and basinanalysis functions available in sophisticated ... construction may reduce the area of a particular habitat, and so can the flooding from an increase in water quantity, just as a decrease in water quantity can expose the banks and the habitats in them ... reiterated that these criteria are applied in a more qualitative than quantitative way, and the usual three – rarity, naturalness and recreatability – tend to dominate (Clarke, 1994), as they...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... for landscape And the approach can also vary drastically: from the “fixed” area approach of many impacts (noise, landscape, etc.) to the “flexible” area-of-study approach typical of traffic and ... systems for IA map base: the maps available, their names and contents, the items of information in each map and their names, etc This can take some considerable dialogue time, and can be a crucial ... discussion, at least for that central part of the assessment The advantage of such an approach is that each impact type considered worth encapsulating in an expert system is programmed separately and all...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:20

... variables No data Rational validation Stimuli MODEL SYSTEM Objective variables Available data Empirical validation Stimuli REAL SYSTEM Objective variables Figure 2.1 Conceptual framework of analysis ... framework are the integration of verification and validation, and an extensive inclusion of the formal, quantitative, statistical approaches to model validation A closely related framework for the validation ... we want to examine and what references are used for this examination For example, a certain performance criterion was drafted as “the ability of the model to match historical field data” The aspect...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 10:35

... (orbitofrontal) and Vartanian and Goel (2004) (anterior cingulate) was associated with positive ratings Additionally, in the study by Cela-Conde et al (2004) all brain activity correlating with aesthetic ... visual materials in experimental aesthetics: “In the former case, there is the advantage of studying reactions to real art and the disadvantage that any two works of art differ from each other ... pick up any significant amygdalar activity, especially in the ugly or non-preferred condition The only amygdalar activity was observed when Kawabata and Zeki (2004) compared the portrait and non-portrait...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... Ed., parsina Natural Lanquaqe Academic Press, London, England: 117149 Fass, Dan and Wilks, Yorick 1983 Preference Semantics, Ill-Formedness, and Metaphor American iournal of computational linauistics ... Kartunnen, Lauri and Zwicky, Arnold M., Eds., Natural lanquaqe parsinq Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England: 307-319 Robinson, Jane J 1982 DIAGRAM: A Grammar for Dialogues Communications ... 1977 A Framework for Speech Understanding Ph.D Dissertation, Stanford University, Stanford, California Pereira, Fernando C 1985 A New Characterization of Attachment Preferences In: Dowty, David...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... amyloid formation pathways, any sequence able to be accommodated in a b-sheet conformation can, potentially, reach the amyloid state [51,56] Amyloid-like properties of bacterial IBs Protein aggregation ... furiosus and its application in a process of batch starch degradation to alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 35, 219–223 38 Nahalka J, Vikartovska A & Hrabarova E (2008) A crosslinked ... Escherichia coli Microb Cell Fact 9, 41–53 ´ 18 Vera A, Aris A, Carrio M, Gonzalez-Montalban N & Villaverde A (2005) Lon and ClpP proteases participate in the physiological disintegration of bacterial...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:20

... report 540, M.I.T Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA A Yamada, T Yamamoto, H Ikeda, T Nishida, and S Doshita 1992 Reconstructing spatial image from natural language texts In Proc ... representation of RDs, we need a prototypical model of their referent which is the route We have decomposed it into a path and landmarks A path is made up of transfers and relays Relays are abstract ... (landmarks), or a turn and a landmark, mentioned in the text immediately one after •the other Concerning the ambiguity related to the location of landmarks, one can either choose an arbitrary...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... Whittingham 1997) Males in a group form a dominance hierarchy, with older males being more dominant Groups larger than pairs generally form through natal philopatry of males, although occasionally males ... The median age of the male was years (range 1–10) for yearling-female pairs, years (2 –11) for yearling-female groups, years (2–11) for older-female pairs and years (1–11) for older-female groups; ... occupy an area of 40 ha, of which 27 are planted with native Australian plants Most of the remainder is natural woodland, which is contiguous with the woodland of Canberra Nature Park The birds are...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20