toward a unified approach to statistical language modeling for chinese

... template-based approach that has been taken in the system, enables the basic language generation algorithms application independent and language independent. At the final stage of language generation ... Generation’, is a branch of computational linguistics, which deals with automatic genera- tion of text in natural human language by the machine. It can be conceptualized as a process leading from a high ... the COLING/ACL 2006 Student Research Workshop, pages 1–6, Sydney, July 2006. c 2006 Association for Computational Linguistics A Flexible Approach to Natural Language Generation for Disabled Children...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... of variation and bias in relation to monitoring of animal disease incidence on herd and national level, causal analysis on national level, as well as estimation of validated treatment criteria. Monitoring ... potential links to data quality. This understand- ing provides insight into potential errors (bias and random error) related to data based on clinical examina- Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2009, 51:36 ... metritis' that relate to the quality of the data that are produced. We analyse and build &apos ;a model of understanding' based on DBL's observations and the indi- vidual veterinarians'...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:45

... simplicity and in that it is domain- and language independency. N-gram based approach- es (Eckert et al., 1997, Levin et al., 2000) and other approaches (Scheffler and Young, 2001, Pietquin and Dutoit, ... not as large and not statistically significant. It can be analyzed that the cooperative user behaviors are rela- tively common patterns in human-machine dialog corpus. So, these behaviors can ... 2 Related work Data-driven intention modeling approach uses statis- tical methods to generate the user intention given dis- course information (history). The advantage of this approach lies...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 06:20

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 17:20

... techniques, and to extend the statistical models to additional linguistic phenomena such as quantification and anaphora resolution. 8. Acknowledgments We wish to thank Robert Ingria for his effort ... probabilities have the form P(state n I staten_l, stateup) . For example, P(location/pp I arrival/vp-head, arrival/vp) is the probability of a location/pp following an arrival/vp- head within an ... model must span is large. A common approach in non -statistical natural language systems is to bridge this gap by introducing intermediate representations such as parse structure and pre-discourse...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:21

... (Janus), we have used a hybrid approach to representation, employing an intensional logic for the representation of the semantics of ut- terances and a taxonomic language with formal semantics ... defining the constants of our semantic represen- tation language, it provides the constants that can ap- pear in formulae that lexical items map to. For in- stance, vessel and ship map to VESSEL. ... should have intensions as arguments are unfor- tunately specified separately. Examples that have arisen in our applications involve changes in a reading on a scale, e.g., USS Stark's readiness...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... user's natural language rule statements 143 ** A WATER BOTTLE IS ON A BAR. I UNDERSTAND THAT A WATER BOTTLE IS ON A BAR **WHAT IS ON A BAR? A BOTTLE Essentially, the phrase "water ... results of a ã preliminary study of a Knowledge Engineering (KE) approach to Natural Language Understanding (NLU). The KE approach to an Artificial Intelligence task involves a close association ... preliminary study of a KE approach to Natural Language Understanding, we have gained valuable experience with the basic tools and concepts of such a system. All aspects of our NL-system have,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

... SEMANIIC PARSING AS GRAPH LANGUAGE TRANSFORMATION - A MULIIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO PARSING HIGHLY INFLECTIONAL LANGUAGES Eero Hyv~nen He]sJnkJ IJniversity of TechnoloQy DiaJtal SysLems Laboratory ... chapter a graph grammar formalism based on the notions of relational graph grammars (Rajlich 1975) and attributed programmed graph grammars (Bunke 1982) is developed for parsing languages with ... generalization of linear string grammars. In graph grammars string rewrite rules are generalized into graph rewrite rules. This paper presents a graph grammar formalism and parsing scheme for...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:21

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 01:26

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... international normalized ratio (INR), and a liver panel. Although the serum aminotransferase level correlates poorly with liver histology, the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine ... risk for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Evaluating for potential treatment candidacy is an important initial step in the management of chronic HCV infection as not all individuals may need ... HCC, and mortality. In addition, HCV infection has been linked to a variety of extra-hepatic manifestations such as autoimmune diseases, lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathies and cryoglobulinemia....

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 09:51

... quantitation and three approved drugs for HBV treatment, and presents an updated and practical clinical approach to managing CHB. Highly sensitive PCR-based quantitation of HBV DNA makes it ... Divisions of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, University of California, Irvine, California, USA. His current researches include natural history and management of hepatitis B and C and chemoprevention ... transaminases are the most important parameters in determining indication, regimen, and duration of HBV treatment. Although interferon alfa-2b, lamivudine, and adefovir are all approved as...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 09:41

... x n (a) and which leaves the action invariant (for example, the transformation may be a rotation). The trans- formation is to contain a parameter, a, and is to be a continuous function of a. Fora ... Feyn- man soon learned that there was a great obstacle to this delayed action-at -a- distance theory: namely, if a radiating electron, say in an atom or an antenna, were not acted upon at all by ... is determined by saying her whole space-time path has a certain character. For the action [with advanced and retarded terms] the equations are no longer at all easy to get back into Hamil- tonian form. If...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 11:21

... 1950s, and it has still existed up to now. C .A plays an important role in learning a foreign language as a main subject at most language universals. According to C. James (1980;19), C .A is a form ... a form of inter -language study and a central concern of applied linguistic. As a matter of fact, C .A has had much to offer not only to practical language but also to translation theory, the ... other languages and then the author would like to make an over view of Vietnamese adjectives. 4.1 Some features of contrastive analysis in learning a foreign language Contrastive analysis (C .A) ...

Ngày tải lên: 10/04/2013, 14:46

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2013, 11:15