top down and bottom up regulation of benthic food webs

... top- down tài liệu có cấu trúc đơn giản 63 Hình 35: Kết phân tích top- down tài liệu có cấu trúc bảng 65 Hình 36: : Kết phân tích top- down tài liệu văn 67 Hình 37: : Kết phân tích top- down ... đơn giản biết trƣớc tốc độ thực chậm so với thuật toán Top- down Bottom- up II.2 Lựa chọn giải pháp Các phƣơng pháp phân tích Top- down Bottom- up đƣợc số nghiên cứu nƣớc phát triển, đề tài dừng mức ... 69 Hình 38 : Kết phân tích top- down tờ quảng cáo 71 Hình 39: Kết phân tích top- down tài liệu có cấu trúc phức tạp 73 Hình 40: Kết phân tích top- down tài liệu bị nghiêng 75 Hình...

Ngày tải lên: 27/04/2013, 11:20

... (lane 11), and, when anti-Sp3 IgG was used, bands C2 and C3 disappeared and bands SC3a and SC3b appeared (lane 12) Coaddition of the two antibodies resulted in the loss of bands C1, C2, and C3 (lane ... (Fig 4A, lanes and 9) These results suggest that both Sp1 and Sp3 are able to bind to the GC boxes and that binding of Sp1 forms complex C1 and binding of Sp3 forms complexes C2 and C3 PMA treatment ... Sp1 and Sp3, and protein levels and binding of Sp1 and Sp3 are increased in PMAtreated cells These findings indicate that Sp1 and Sp3 play a pivotal role in the transcriptional activation of DNase...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:21

... access to food and water ad libitum Both the housing and experimental use of animals followed the National Institutes of Health guidelines and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use ... WTs and R6/2s indicate saline treatment, and WTc and R6/2c indicate ceftriaxone treatment N refers to number of animals per group Genotype and CAG repeat length We used PCR for genotyping and ... levels are in decline [6] and glutamate uptake is reduced [7], suggesting a loss of transporter function well in advance of protein down- regulation Thus, ceftriaxone is capable of overcoming a deficit...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... influences of precipitation and mud on water quality of the pond, quantification of effects by dredging, and assessment of improvement and controls of water quality through the removal of bottom ... that the general distribution of thickness of the floating mud is 0.0–0.4 m at the north of the island in the pond, and about 0.4–0.6 m at south and east of the island in the pond, except for the ... I.L of bottom mud of Koya Pond is below the average of lakes and marshes (about 13%), progression of contamination is considerable all throughout Moreover, the tendency of a higher degree of contamination...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... left corner of a rule) and top- down prediction (of the rest of the rule) Rosenkrantz and Lewis showed how to transform a context-free grammar into a grammar that, when used by a topdown parser, ... items on the righthand-side of each rule are grouped together; in the latter, the rightmost items on the righthand-side of the rule are grouped together Notice that, for a top- down, left-to-right ... with one item of look-ahead Nodes are expanded in a standard top- down, left-to-right fashion The parser utilizes: (i) a probabilistic context-free g r a m m a r (PCFG), induced via standard relative...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... Technical and economic abatement potential 3.1 Starting point: TETRIS database 3.2 Update and extrapolation 3.3 Non-CO2 GHGs 3.4 Inclusion of CO2 capture and storage 3.5 Land-use, land-use change and ... 2012 and 2020? • What is the supply of the current CDM project pipeline? • How may programmatic CDM and other modifications impact the supply of credits? • What could be the role of JI, AAUs and ... basic description is given of the approach followed in earlier studies and new work on the inclusion of non-CO2 GHGs, CO2 capture and storage and Land-use, land-use change and forestry, while the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:20

... ‘supply’ and ‘demand’ sides of the labour market (and specifically the organization of unpaid and paid work) and situating these processes historically (see especially Picchio 1981; Armstrong and ... cluster of scholarship are its integrated character, the possibilities it offers for comparing different types of regulations and policies and their impact on its three spheres of concern, and its ... grateful to the Of ce of the Vice-President Research and Innovation, the Faculty of Graduate Studies, and the Atkinson Faculty for providing me with supports and precious time for research and writing...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 01:56

... Effect of MTX, CF101 and MTX+ CF101 treatment on exhibition and expression of A3AR in paw and PBMCs from AIA rats Immunohistochemistry staining of paw sections derived from AIA rats revealed the of ... the MTX-treated group revealed an increase compared with the vehicle-treated group In the CF101-treatment and the MTX+CF101-treated groups, receptor downregulation was noted, supporting previous ... analysis of A3AR expression level in paw and PBMCs from AIA rats (a, b) MTX treatment induced expression of A3AR mRNA and protein, rats and CF101 treatment resulted in receptor downregulation...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:23

... Zeng XR, Boise LH: Regulation of Bcl-xL: a little bit of this and a little bit of STAT Curr Opin Oncol 2000, 12(6):543-9 49 Downward J: Mechanisms and consequences of activation of protein kinase ... protein following etoposide stimulation To verify the role of Akt pathway in the regulation of FMRP induction and cell survival in etoposide treated cells, we used another inhibitor of Akt such as ... control of FMRP-Bcl-xL expression and cell survival in etoposide treated HeLa cells Loss of FMRP protein leads to an increase in etoposideinduced cell death To investigate the role of FMRP in the regulation...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... for 10 min, and stored at -70°C for subsequent use Tumor supernatants were labeled as BGC supernatant, BGC/CON supernatant, BGC/STC supernatant, BGC/shCON supernatant, and BGC/ shSTC supernatant ... in the culture supernatants of HUVEC He et al Journal of Biomedical Science 2011, 18:39 http://www.jbiomedsci.com/content/18/1/39 Page of Figure Tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of BGC cells in ... angiogenesis through up- regulation of VEGF in gastric cancer cells Journal of Biomedical Science 2011 18:39 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... airway epithelium (Figure 2C) Up- regulation of GAD67 in Large and Small Airway Epithelium of Healthy Smokers Of all of the GABAergic system genes expressed in the large and small airways, only GAD67 ... smoker and nonsmoker bands Error bars represent the standard error Note in panel A, the variability in relative upregulation of GAD67 in the smokers, similar to that observed at the mRNA level and ... were subsequently collected separately in ml of LHC8 medium (GIBO, Grand Island, NY) An aliquot of this was used for cytology and differential cell count and the remainder was processed immediately...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 11:22

... 2011, 8:62 http://www.retrovirology.com/content/8/1/62 Page of Figure Parsimonious kinetic models of Rev export and different mechanisms of CRS/INS function A) A typical cellular pre-mRNA, with ... (see [18] and [2]) Conclusions As is generally the case, the answers to all of these questions will emerge as more information is obtained concerning Rev/RRE and CRS/INS associated factors and their ... normal cellular roles At the age of 24, the field of Rev remains rich and productive Competing interests The author declares that they have no competing interests Page of 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:21

... treatment of sepsis and associated diseases Because of this, it is of interest to determine molecular mechanisms and functions of DHEA treatment We therefore investigated the effects of DHEA application ... quotient of the amount of TNF-α mRNA against the amount of mRNA of the housekeeping gene GAPDH * P ≤ 0.05 The data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (b) In lung after 48 and 96 ... quotient of the amount of TNFα mRNA against the amount of mRNA of the housekeeping gene GAPDH * P ≤ 0.05 The data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean CLP = cecal ligation and puncture;...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:22

... financial management is supposed as a whole to have included all components in the process of a national budget They consist of two dimensions which are the down and up lines The down direction has ... revenues and expenditures of the state which have been decided by the competent state agencies and implemented within one year in order to ensure the performance of the functions and tasks of the ... economic relations with the form of value in the process of formation and use of state monetary funds for realizing the inherent function of the state to society for non-profit purposes According to...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2015, 19:16

... example, HBV status: 28 out of 41 patients who has no upregulation of C/EBPα has HBV and 86 out of 129 patients who has upregulations of C/EBPα has HBV 45 4.1.4 Up- regulation of C/EBPα expressions ... index of indicating no change in C/EBPα expression, and minus 0, indicating a downregulation of C/EBPα were grouped together to form a group that reflects no upregulation of C/EBPα and this group ... examination of the likely anti-tumor suppressive role of C/EBPα and its association to clinical outcome and clinical parameters Perhaps, with a better understanding of its role in HCC and the effect of...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:14

... using bottom- up and top- down models Therefore, the findings of this study can serve as the answer to a main research question: What are PYCI students’ attitudes towards bottom- up and top- down ... with bottom- up activities more than top- down ones The total number of selections for the two bottom- up tasks is sixty (57.2%) and for the three top- down tasks is forty-five (42.8%) out of 105 ... both bottom- up and top- down strategies were used by the students at PYCI However, the students tended to use bottom- up strategies more frequently than top- down ones As discussed, the bottom- up...

Ngày tải lên: 10/07/2015, 14:50

... likely likely to to miss miss $$ top- down bottom- up Top- down vs bottom- up management Control Imposed Stiffness Is bottom- up the right solution? Often criticized for lack of clarity & control Perfect ... Economy ups & downs U.S Steel nd quarter of 2008 reports record profits November, 2008 laid off 675 workers & postponed the new $450 million plant Is top- down the right solution? 50-50 chance of ... “Enterprise 2.0 is the use of emergent social software platforms within companies, or between companies and their partners or customers.” Andrew McAfee, Associate Professor, Harvard Business School...

Ngày tải lên: 27/11/2015, 12:30

... other hand, the conceptions of bottom- up and top- down processes in comprehension are mentioned by some authors such as Lynch (1988), Rubin (1994), Nunan (1999) According to them, bottom- up process ... guessing words’ meaning and identify topics are all examples of top- down processing As such, bottom- up process sees language comprehension as a process of passing through a number of consecutive sequences ... little of what they hear can be automatically processed They need to focus on details of what they hear and given limitation of working memory and speed of speech which affects comprehension and top- down...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:48

... of JAK2 V617F and the development of MPD [1,9] Further characterization of the molecular changes in MPD neutrophils could lead to a better understanding of the development of these diseases and ... Among the down- regulated genes were ribosomal proteins including copies of RPL10, copies of RPL3, and RPS9, RPS10P3, and RPL12P6; proteosome proteins including copies of PSMD2 and PSMC; and cytochrome ... comparison of normal pancreas with 33 other tissues found that the expression of miR-216 and miR-217 and the lack of expression of miR-133a were characteristic of pancreatic tissue [36] Page of 17...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... synovial tissues of RA and osteoarthritis (OA), correlation of ADAM15 expression with synovial pathology, localization of ADAM15 in RA synovium, and the mechanism of regulation of ADAM15 expression ... Screening of mRNA expression of ADAMs and relative expression levels of ADAM15 in RA and OA synovial tissues The mRNA expression of 10 different ADAMs (8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17, 20, 21, 28 and 30) ... expression was examined in a larger number of RA and OA samples, ADAM15 was detected in 100% of the RA samples (16 of 16 cases) and in 60% of the OA samples (12 of 20 cases) (data not shown) By real-time...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 07:20