toll like receptor recognition of lipoglycans glycolipids and lipopeptides

... responses, and enhance efficacy of anti-tumor vaccines [5-7] Toll- like receptor (TLR) signalling can cooperate with CD40 activation in this regard; for example, co-administration of CD40 and TLR9 ligands ... major component of T cell help Ligation of CD40 on DC, for example, induces increased surface expression of costimulatory and MHC molecules, production of proinflammatory cytokines, and enhanced ... expression CD40-ligand (CD40L), also known as CD154, is the chief ligand for CD40 and is expressed primarily by activated T cells and platelets [10,11] The interaction of CD40 and CD40L represents...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... of rats exposed to an animal model of depression This activation occurs with increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1b and of one of the main enzymatic sources of inflammatory and ... Fukuchi K: Toll- like receptor 4-dependent upregulation of cytokines in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease J Neuroinflamm 2008, 5:23 Wang YC, Lin S, Yang QW: Toll- like receptors in ... Gárate et al.: Origin and consequences of brain Tolllike receptor pathway stimulation in an experimental model of depression Journal of Neuroinflammation 2011 8:151 Page 14 of 14 Submit your next...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... with TLR3 and TLR4 ligands, but not TLR2 or TLR9 ligands, inhibited HCMV infection Time dependence of TLR stimulation for HCMV inhibition and IL-8 production The effect of timing of TLR-ligand exposure ... understand these apparent differences Figure Expression of TLR by HFF and Ectocervical tissue Expression of TLR by HFF and Ectocervical tissue Expression of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4 and TLR9 in cells and ... of expression of TLR2 and TLR9 by these cells Discussion Figure tion Ligands induce IL-8 secretion TLR in Ectocervical explant tissue and inhibit HCMV infecTLR Ligands induce IL-8 secretion and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... heparan sulfate by Toll- like receptor J Immunol 2002, 168:5233-5239 50 Park JS, Svetkauskaite D, He Q, Kim JY, Strassheim D, Ishizaka A, Abraham E: Involvement of toll- like receptors and in cellular ... days and 21, and signs of arthritis were monitored The arthritis incidence was shown as per body (a) and per paw (100 × [number of the arthritic paws/ number of total paws]) (b) The incidence of ... arthritis index (and standard error) of total mice (c) and of arthritic mice (d), is shown (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 for comparison with RP105+/+ mice, Mann-Whitney U test) Page of 11 (page number...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 13:22

... cyclic stretch could induce activations of Ang II and TNF-a receptors in cardiomyocytes Figure Cyclic stretch increases toll- like receptor (TLR4) protein and mRNA expression in cardiomyocytes (A) ... Moro MA, Lizasoain I: Toll- like receptor is involved in brain damage and inflammation after experimental stroke Circulation 2007, 115:1599-1608 Zhang G, Ghosh S: Toll- like receptor- mediated NF-B ... selective, and reversible inhibitor of JNK SB203580 is a highly specific, cell permeable inhibitor of p38 kinase PD98059 is a specific and potent inhibitor of p42/p44 MAP kinase For evaluation of secreted...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... Morphologies of visceral fat (A), liver (B), and cecum (C) of WT and T4Mu mice that received LF and TF diets Abbreviations: LF, low fat diet (13.5% energy from fat); T4Mu, tolllike receptor- 4 loss of function ... T4Mu, toll- like receptor- 4 loss of function mutant mice; WT, wild type mice Figure 5-hour fasting blood glucose (A), serum insulin (B), and HOMA-IR of WT and T4Mu mice that received LF and TF ... MW: Toll- like receptor- 4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet induced obesity Cir Res 2007, 100:1589-1596 Song MJ, Kim KH, Yoon JM, Kim JB: Activation of toll- like receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 03:20

... Morphologies of visceral fat (A), liver (B), and cecum (C) of WT and T4Mu mice that received LF and TF diets Abbreviations: LF, low fat diet (13.5% energy from fat); T4Mu, tolllike receptor- 4 loss of function ... T4Mu, toll- like receptor- 4 loss of function mutant mice; WT, wild type mice Figure 5-hour fasting blood glucose (A), serum insulin (B), and HOMA-IR of WT and T4Mu mice that received LF and TF ... MW: Toll- like receptor- 4 mediates vascular inflammation and insulin resistance in diet induced obesity Cir Res 2007, 100:1589-1596 Song MJ, Kim KH, Yoon JM, Kim JB: Activation of toll- like receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:22

... Up-regulation of Toll- like receptors 2, and in allergic rhinitis Respir Res 2005, 6:100 Bonini S, Micera A, Iovieno A, Lambiase A: Expression of Toll- like receptors in healthy and allergic conjunctiva ... Dalhoff K, Schaaf B: Toll- like receptor expression is decreased on alveolar macrophages in cigarette smokers and COPD patients Respir Res 2005, 6:68 Mansson A, Adner M, Cardell LO: Toll- like receptors ... Dower SK: Toll- like receptors: their role in allergy and non-allergic inflammatory disease Clin Exp Allergy 2002, 32(7):984-989 Gangloff SC, Guenounou M: Toll- like receptors and immune response...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... Regulation of lung injury and repair by Toll- like receptors and hyaluronan Nat Med 2005, 11:1173-1179 Pulskens WP, Teske GJ, Butter LM, Roelofs JJ, van der Poll T, Florquin S, Leemans JC: Toll- like receptor- 4 ... endogenous ligand of the toll- like receptor- 4 complex J Immunol 2000, 164:558-561 12 Vabulas RM, Ahmad-Nejad P, Ghose S, Kirschning CJ, Issels RD, Wagner H: HSP70 as endogenous stimulus of the Toll/ interleukin-1 ... Identification of oxidative stress and Toll- like receptor signaling as a key pathway of acute lung injury Cell 2008, 133:235-249 15 Gill R, Tsung A, Billiar T: Linking oxidative stress to inflammation: Toll- like...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 21:21

... Overview and historical aspects 1.2 Introduction to Toll- like receptors (TLRs) 1.2.1 Discovery of TLRs 1.2.2 Toll- like receptor (TLR1) and Toll- like receptor (TLR2) 11 1.2.2.1 Genes and structure ... et al., (2003) 10 1.2.2 Toll- like receptor (TLR1) and Toll- like receptor (TLR2) 1.2.2.1 Genes and structure Human TLR1 and TLR2 genes have been mapped on chromosome 4p14 and 4q32 respectively (Rock ... investigation of proteinprotein interactions In this study a novel method has been developed based on the principles of Toll- like receptor activation 1.2 Introduction to Toll- like receptors (TLRs)...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:20

... INVESTIGATION OF INTERLEUKIN 1B SYNTHESIS AND SECRETION BY DENDRITIC CELLS: INTERPLAY BETWEEN TOLL- LIKE RECEPTOR AND FCG RECEPTOR WU XIAOWEI (B Sc) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE ... VIII LIST OF TABLES 1.1 Comparison between innate immunity and adaptive immunity 1.2 Comparison of different DC subsets 1.3 Toll- like receptors and their ligands 21 1.4 Phagocytic receptors for ... phagocytosis and endocytosis, such as mannose receptor (MR), scavenger receptor (SR) and complement receptor (CR); and (ii) those that sense pathogens and lead to the activation of pro-inflammatory...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 17:01

... H.J The innate immunity of the central nervous system in chronic pain: the role of Toll- like receptors Cell Mol Life Sci 2007; 64: 1128-36 Zeilhofer H.U Loss of glycinergic and GABAergic inhibition ... the changes of mechanical and thermal pain thresholds and spinal TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression were isochronous, and effective suppression on CCI-induced up-regulation of TNF-β mRNA and IL-1α ... pain: efficacy of a new receptor antagonist in a model of peripheral nerve injury in mice Glia 2008; 56: 1312-9 28 Jordan J.M., Woods M.E., Olano J., Walker D.H The absence of Toll- like receptor signaling...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:48

... Netea MG, Adema GJ: Toll- like receptor controls expansion and function of regulatory T cells J Clin Invest 2006, 116(2):485-494 Ganley-Leal LM, Liu X, Wetzler LM: Toll- like receptor mediated human ... by toll- like receptor 2dependent release of tumor necrosis factor-a J Biol Chem 2007, 282(2):1039-1050 Taxereau J, Chiche JD, Taylor W, Choukroun G, Comba B, Mira JP: The importance of toll- like ... Richard JU: Toll- like receptors in the induction of the innate immune response Nature 2000, 406(6797):782-787 Means TK, Wang S, Lien E, Yoshimura A, Golenbock DT, Fenton MJ: Human toll- like receptors...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... phosphorylation of GSK3b and accumulation of b-catenin Inhibition of GSK3b activity potently augmented expression of the Nox1 gene in LPS-stimulated macrophages, whereas ectopic expression of a constitutively ... NoxA1 and Rac1 [5] The most well-studied activation of Nox1 is that of angiotensin II mediating phospholipase C and protein kinase C in vascular smooth muscle cell However, regulation of Nox1 ... production and inactivation of GSK3b by LPS has a negative effect on production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-b [26] b-Catenin is one of the most important downstream molecules of the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:21

... A and c.1635A > G SNPs of TLR9 and MTCT of HIV-1, revealing that the TLR9 [A;A] and [G;G] haplotypes are associated with a significantly increased risk of MTCT of HIV-1 Genetic variations of ... 49:128-135 Pine SO, McElrath MJ, Bochud PY: Polymorphisms in toll- like receptor and toll- like receptor influence viral load in a seroincident cohort of HIV-1-infected individuals AIDS 2009, 27:2387-95 ... variations of Toll- like receptor predispose to systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese population Ann Rheum Dis 2007, 66:905-909 18 Leoratti FM, Farias L, Alves FP: Variants in the toll- like receptor...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... portion of TLR, which shows great similarity to that of the IL-1 receptor family and is termed Toll/ IL-1 (TIL) domain All TLRs possess a cytoplasmic toll IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain, and most ... 2:947-950 27 Goldstein DR: Toll- like receptors and other links between innate and acquired alloimmunity Curr Opin Immunol 2004, 16:538-544 28 Takeda K, Akira S: Toll- like receptors in innate immunity ... 37:959-968 Chao W: Toll- like receptor signaling: a critical modulator of cell survival and ischemic injury in the heart Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2009, 296: H1-12 Page of 25 Land WG: Innate...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... Cancers take their Toll the function and regulation of Toll- like receptors in cancer cells Oncogene 2008, 27:225-233 10 Rakoff-Nahoum S, Medzhitov R: Toll- like receptors and cancer Nat Rev Cancer ... Tonini G: Toll- like receptor Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in gastric cancer of intestinal and diffuse histotypes Clin Exp Immunol 2008, 154:360-364 16 Kutikhin AG: Impact of Toll- like receptor ... 2005, 105:2862-2868 31 Wild C, Brandau S, Lindemann M, Lotfi R, Hofmann TK, Lang S, Bergmann C: Toll- like receptors in regulatory T cells of patients with head and neck cancer Arch Otolaryngol...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... nervous system and establishes latency in ganglionic neurons Viral reactivation from this latent state may result in herpes encephalitis A number of studies have demonstrated that Toll- like receptor ... representative of three independent experiments, and bars represent the mean + SD of triplicate samples TUNEL staining Wild type and TLR2-/- microglial cells were infected with HSV (MOI = 2) and DNA ... synthesized using µg of total RNA from uninfected and infected wild-type and TLR2-/- microglia, at h and 16 h p.i, using Superscript II reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and oligo dT6–12...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Fukuchi K: Role of toll- like receptor signalling in Abeta uptake and clearance Brain 2006, 129:3006-3019 Reed-Geaghan EG, Savage JC, Hise AG, Landreth GE: CD14 and toll- like receptors and are required ... TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TLR2: toll- like receptor 2; TLRs: toll- like receptors; fAβ: fibrillar Aβ Acknowledgements We are grateful to all of the subjects who kindly agreed to participate ... 28:5784-5793 Takeda K, Kaisho T, Akira S: Toll- like receptors Annu Rev Immunol 2003, 21:335-376 Yu JT, Sun YP, Ou JR, Cui WZ, Zhang W, Tan L: No association of toll- like receptor polymorphisms with Alzheimer’s...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Cancers take their Toll the function and regulation of Toll- like receptors in cancer cells Oncogene 2008, 27:225-233 10 Rakoff-Nahoum S, Medzhitov R: Toll- like receptors and cancer Nat Rev Cancer ... Tonini G: Toll- like receptor Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in gastric cancer of intestinal and diffuse histotypes Clin Exp Immunol 2008, 154:360-364 16 Kutikhin AG: Impact of Toll- like receptor ... 2005, 105:2862-2868 31 Wild C, Brandau S, Lindemann M, Lotfi R, Hofmann TK, Lang S, Bergmann C: Toll- like receptors in regulatory T cells of patients with head and neck cancer Arch Otolaryngol...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20