thyroid disease during pregnancy

... within the first six months of pregnancy A third group, the "entire pregnancy" group, comprised of women who filled prescriptions for loratadine at any time during pregnancy Users of other antihistamines ... For the second group, who filled the prescription within the first six month of pregnancy, and the third, "entire pregnancy" group, the adjusted ORs for loratadine exposure were 0.8 (95% CI: 0.0-4.9) ... conception and first trimester (0.4) (0.4) First trimester and second trimester (0.4) 15 (0.7) During pregnancy (0.4) 21 (0.9) Exposure to other antihistamines* (1.8) 40 (1.8) 30 days before conception...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 10:09

... information, among others, on medicinal product intakes, pregnancy complications, maternal diseases and treatments including infusion during pregnancy according to gestational month To standardize ... There was no a higher prevalence of infusion during the study pregnancy in any CA-groups On the other hand the maternal infusion during the study pregnancy showed 139 a lower occurrence in two ... abnormality and dimenhydrinate usage during pregnancy Arch Obstet Gynecol 2005; 271: 113-118 Czeizel AE, Puhó E, Bánhidy F, Ács N Oral pyridoxine during pregnancy Potential protective effect...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:08

... differentiate drugs and pregnancy supplements within medicinal products Drugs are used for the treatment of maternal diseases and pregnancy complications during pregnancy while pregnancy supplements ... medicine use during pregnancy is underestimated Maternal drug use during pregnancy may pose a teratogenic risk for the embryo However, the recommendation to avoid all drugs during early pregnancy ... benefit of drug treatments during pregnancy General conclusions The use of teratogenic drugs should be avoided during pregnancy in less severe (non life-threatening) diseases such as acne and...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:12

... Management of Cardiovascular Diseases During Pregnancy of the European Society of Cardiology Expert consensus document on management of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy Eur Heart J 2003;24:761 ... death during pregnancy. 9 Hypertensive disorders are the most frequent cardiovascular events during pregnancy, occurring in 6–8% of all pregnancies.10 In the western world, congenital heart disease ... OACs Ventricular arrhythmias during pregnancy and labour Arrhythmias are the most common cardiac complication during pregnancy in women with and without structural heart disease. 12,56,57 They may...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 12:20

... values differ during pregnancy [27,30], and this should also be the case with tumor markers in pregnancy (Table 1) Here, we summarize and explain the physiology of elevated levels during pregnancy ... serum tumor markers during pregnancy is limited Our goal is to review existing publications on this topic, and also to provide an easily accessible table of reference values during pregnancy for the ... when interpreting tumor markers during pregnancy Unawareness of pregnancy- related physiologic elevations of tumor markers may lead to the search for metastatic disease, using extensive and unnecessary...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... maternal age, maternal pre -pregnancy weight, maternal education, parity, smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, country of origin, alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and season of ... environmental exposures, and life style variables twice during their pregnancy (weeks 10-13 and 28-32) The questionnaires were administered during personal interviews by previously trained interviewers ... NO2 level corresponding to the 785 pregnancy periods was 36.9 μg/m3 (Table 1) For 43.2% of the women, the outdoor NO2 levels at their residences during the pregnancy period were above 40 μg/m3,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... season, socioeconomic status, gestational age, time trend and exposure during conception / pregnancy Does PM exposure during conception or pregncancy the risk of preterm delivery? No significant ... age calculated for a 10 µg/m³ increase in exposure around conception and during pregancy 1.3 14 d Conception 1.2 3m 6m 9m Pregnancy Odds ratio 1.1 32-36 w 1.0 > 36 w 0.9 36 w

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... the mouth is “normal” during pregnancy, pain during dental procedures is unavoidable, x-rays during pregnancy are harmful to the fetus and postponing treatment until after pregnancy is safer for ... drugs at some time during the pregnancy while one in ten neonates are exposed to mood-altering drugs during pregnancy (5;7) For these reasons, oral health evaluation during pregnancy presents ... Provide emergency care at any time during pregnancy as indicated by oral condition ■ Provide dental prophylaxis and treatment during pregnancy, preferably during early second trimester but definitely...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... Disorders of Thyroid Development Thyroid Disease in the Newborn Hypothyroidism in Children Hyperthyroidism in Children Thryoid Nodules Thyroid Physiology of the Fetus and Newborn • • • • • Normal Thyroid ... Thyroid Development Thyroid Status in Premature Infants Transplacental Passage of Thyroid Ab Newborn Screening Congenital Hypothyroidism Thyroid Development • Orignates from thyroid diverticulum ... and Signs of Hypothyroidism in Children Growth Failure in Childhood Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism: Treatment Hashimotos Thyroiditis • • • • • Most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism Female:Male...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 09:20

... ~10 beats/min during the third trimester In the second trimester of pregnancy, systemic vascular resistance decreases and this is associated with a fall in blood pressure During pregnancy, a blood ... increase the risk for poor pregnancy outcome; conversely, in some instances pregnancy may adversely impact an underlying medical disorder Hypertension (See also Chap 241) In pregnancy, cardiac output ... pressures, at least h apart Hypertension during pregnancy is usually caused by preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, or renal disease Preeclampsia Approximately 5–7% of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... pregnancy Baseline evaluation of renal function is necessary to help differentiate the effects of chronic hypertension versus superimposed preeclampsia should the hypertension worsen during pregnancy ... thorough prepregnancy evaluation, both to identify remediable causes of hypertension and to ensure that the prescribed antihypertensive agents are not associated with an adverse outcome of pregnancy ... lactate; run at 25–75 mL/h (1–3 g/h)a a Made up as 50% solution Chronic Essential Hypertension Pregnancy complicated by chronic essential hypertension is associated with intrauterine growth restriction...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... Cardiac Disease Valvular Heart Disease (See also Chap 230) This is the most common cardiac problem complicating pregnancy Mitral Stenosis This is the valvular disease most likely to cause death during ... valvulotomy can be carried out during pregnancy Mitral Regurgitation and Aortic Regurgitation and Stenosis These are generally well tolerated during pregnancy The pregnancyinduced decrease in systemic ... cardiac disease with ultrasound is recommended Atrial or ventricular septal defect is usually well tolerated during pregnancy in the absence of pulmonary hypertension, provided that the woman's prepregnancy...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... Leiden mutation increases the risk for DVT and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy Approximately 25% of women with DVT during pregnancy carry the factor V Leiden allele The presence of the factor ... pulmonary hypertension is high, and primary pulmonary hypertension is a contraindication to pregnancy Termination of pregnancy may be advisable in these circumstances to preserve the life of the mother ... increases the risk for severe preeclampsia Additional genetic mutations associated with DVT during pregnancy include the prothrombin G20210A mutation (heterozygotes and homozygotes) and the methylenetetrahydrofolate...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... oxygenation (fetal heart rate monitoring or biophysical profile) optimizes pregnancy outcome Pregnant diabetic patients without vascular disease are at greater risk for delivering a macrosomic fetus, and ... those with vascular disease are at greater risk for developing intrauterine growth restriction, which is associated with an increased risk of fetal and neonatal death Excellent pregnancy outcomes ... Once pregnancy is established, glucose control should be managed more aggressively than in the nonpregnant...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... storm is associated with a significant risk of maternal mortality Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy: Treatment Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy should be aggressively evaluated and treated The treatment ... with an elevated serum TSH (and a normal total thyroxine) during pregnancy have impaired performance on neuropsychologic tests During pregnancy, the dose of thyroxine required to keep the TSH ... range was 0.1 mg daily before pregnancy, and it increased to 0.15 mg daily during pregnancy Since the increased thyroxine requirement occurs as early as the fifth week of pregnancy, one approach is...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... gall bladder disease is commonly observed during pregnancy In part this may be due to pregnancy- induced alteration in the metabolism of bile and fatty acids Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy ... infection More commonly, primary CMV infection during pregnancy creates a risk of congenital CMV No currently accepted treatment of CMV during pregnancy has been demonstrated to protect the fetus ... evaluation Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is generally characterized by markedly increased levels of bilirubin and ammonia and by hypoglycemia Management of acute fatty liver of pregnancy is supportive;...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... increases in levothyroxine requirements during pregnancy in women with hypothyroidism N Engl J Med 351:292, 2005 Bates SM et al: Use of antithrombotic agents during pregnancy: The Seventh ACCP Conference ... to suggest that the course of HIV disease is altered by pregnancy There is also no clear evidence to suggest that uncomplicated HIV disease adversely impacts pregnancy other than by its inherent ... Parvovirus infection (human parvovirus B19) may occur during pregnancy It rarely causes sequelae, but susceptible women infected during pregnancy may be at risk for fetal hydrops secondary to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS DURING PREGNANCY 393 hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia (of parathyroid or renal origin), hemolytic crisis of sickle cell anemia, or the tetany of alkalosis, during pregnancy, eclampsia ... Hypertensive Disease Preeclampsia Onset of hypertension Before pregnancy; during first 20 weeks of pregnancy Permanent; hypertension persists beyond months postpartum After 20th week of pregnancy ... aldosterone CHAPTER 13 HYPERTENSIVE DISORDERS DURING PREGNANCY 383 SODIUM AND WATER RETENTION Sodium retention is an adjunct of growth and is normal during pregnancy, but sodium retention, particularly...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 16:20

... specific pregnancy complications related to hyperthyroidism are gestational trophoblastic disease and hyperemesis gravidarum Additionally, both hyperthyroid and hypothyroid states occur during pregnancy ... symptoms, TSH, and free thyroid hormones If Graves’ disease or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is suspected, thyroid autoantibodies may also be useful Evaluation of thyroid nodules during pregnancy is limited ... SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS DURING PREGNANCY 473 THYROID DISORDERS IN GENERAL Thyroid changes related to pregnancy involve: immunological modifications with increased risk of antithyroid autoantibodies,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 16:20

... Therefore during pregnancy, in addition to the stage and prognosis of the cancer, the stage and value of the pregnancy must also be considered For cancer diagnosed during the latter part of pregnancy, ... appendiceal tumor occurring during pregnancy [7] Our case of pseudomyxoma peritonei presenting in early pregnancy highlights some interesting challenges in the management of cancer in pregnancy In this ... syndrome occurring during pregnancy Aggressive Malignancy Low-Moderate Grade Malignancy Week of Pregnancy Diagnostic Tests CRS + HIPEC Diagnostic Tests CRS + HIPEC 0–12 Unsafe Consider pregnancy termination...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:21