thermodynamics of a pure substance

... chemical state of a substance from a fuel state to a product state via a chemical reaction accompanied by release of heat energy To the extent that a change of state is involved, the laws of thermodynamics ... amounts of CO can have neurological effects, can cause visual acuity problems, headache, dizziness, or nausea, and can lead to acid rain afflicting flora and fauna NO2 and SO2 can cause pulmonary ... state diagram), in the form of a table (as in a steam table), or by an algebraic equation (as in pv = Rg T , for example) 2.3 Behavior of a Pure Substance 2.3.1 Pure Substance In thermodynamics, ...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 15:20

... growing a GaAs layer of total thickness of 100nm (Fig 3(d)) For morphological analysis of the QDs, extra layer of dots (surface dots) was grown above the GaAs capping layer and left uncapped 4.2 ... (February 2003), pp 182-184 Wang L., Rastelli A. , & Schmidt O G (2006) Structural and optical properties of In(Ga)As/GaAs quantun dots treated by partial capping and annealing Journal of Applied ... Thus, calculation of the Huang Rhys factor from the optical spectra as the ratio I( 1) / I( ) should be cautiously considered as far as it is valid in the limit of an adiabatic approach that assumes...

Ngày tải lên: 26/06/2014, 23:21

... Ishii, M Shinohara, and T Nakagawa, Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 64, 105 (1981) [61] M Tada, T Abe, J Miyasaka, N Matsushita, and M Abe, J of Appl.Phys 97, ... films are ferromagnetic and their magnetization is appreciably larger than that of bulk magnetite.[43] It was proposed that the miscompensation of spin moments at the surface and APBs are main factors ... K Ueda, H Tabata, and T Kawai, Appl Phys Lett 79, 988 (2001) [25] H Saeki, H Tabata, and T Kawai, Solid State Commun 120,439 (2001) [26] J.M.D Coey, M Venkatesan, and C.B Fitzgerald, Nat Mater...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:15

... results obtained by estimation methods A variety of tabulated data banks is now available although many of these banks are proprietary A good example of a readily accessible data bank is provided ... energy, ‘‘van der Waals energy,’’ and unsaturated van der Waals surface area They say their estimates of Tb are essentially at the accuracy of the data Summary for Tfp and Tb Table 2-9 summarizes ... peratures [Teja and Anselme, 1990] Appendix A contains a data base of properties for all the substances for which there is an evaluated critical temperature tabulated by the Thermodynamics Research...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:01

... experimental data are always to be preferred over results obtained by estimation methods A variety of tabulated data banks is now available although many of these banks are proprietary A good example of ... often reliable data are not available The property data bank in Appendix A contains only substances with an evaluated experimental critical temperature The contents of Appendix A were taken either ... Corresponding States Principle / 4.5 Equations of State / 4.8 Virial Equation of State / 4.11 Analytical Equations of State / 4.17 Nonanalytic Equations of State / 4.25 Discussion of Equations of State /...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 10:10

... superlattices as a potential prototype materials system for thermoelectric power generation Lanthanum strontium manganate La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) was investigated as a metal and lanthanum manganate, ... Cl2:Ar, a chamber pressure of 0.7 Pa, an RF forward power of 800 W, and a capacitive bias of 350 W J Appl Phys 112, 063714 (2012) FIG (a) XRD 2-theta-omega scan of an LSMO/LMO superlattice on a STO ... magnetoresistance in a layered manganite crystal,” Science 274, 1698 (1996) 30 Y Moritomo, A Asamitsu, H Kuwahara, and Y Tokura, “Giant magnetoresistance of manganese oxides with a layered perovskite...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:53

... mucociliary clearance In patients with respiratory failure and MV, many factors can potentially impair MCT, such as ventilation with a high concentration of oxygen, the activation of inflammatory ... machine adapted from King et al [18] This machine consisted of a cylinder of compressed air serving as gas supply, a solenoid valve that controlled the release of gas, and a cylindrical acrylic ... between stress and strain, representing the ratio between viscosity and elasticity (tan δ) Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed by profile analysis [13], which takes into account...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:21

... mechanism and magnetoresistance behaviors of [Co/Pd]4/Au(tAu)/[Co/Pd]2 PSV nanowires as a function of the Au spacer layer thickness and temperature [3] “Magnetization reversal and magnetoresistance ... normally larger than the typical thickness of a FM layer The essential mechanism is that electrons with spin parallel and antiparallel to the magnetization of the ferromagnetic layers are scattered ... configurations 2.3.3 Magnon Magnetoresistance A magnon is a quasi-particle of spin waves in magnetically ordered materials It can be considered as a quantized spin wave from the quantum mechanics...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:10

... Huang, K Gopinadhan, X Wang, A Srivastava, Z.Q Liu, H Ma, T Sarkar, T Venkatesan, Ariando*, Anisotropic Magneto Resistance and Planar Hall effect at the LAO/STO Heterointerfaces: Effect of Carrier ... Sato, M Kawasaki, H Akoh, and Y Tokura, “Engineered interface of magnetic oxides,” Science, 305, 646– 648 (2004) [9] Y Kozuka, A Tsukazaki, D Maryenko, J Falson, S Akasaka, K Nakahara, S Nakamura, ... Garcia-Barriocanal, F Y Bruno, A Rivera-Calzada, Z Sefrioui, N M Nemes, M Garcia-Herna´ndez, J Rubio-Zuazo, G.R Castro, M Varela, S J Pennycook, C Leon, and J Santamaria, ““Charge leakage” at...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:11

... nature and location of Tk and Ti transitions are separately determined by POM and variable-temperature XRD 58 Figure 3.2 Variable temperature polarizing optical microscopy of P11 film Images ... charges are located on the backbone Singly charged carriers are referred to as polarons (or radical cations in the case of short oligomers) whereas doubly charged carriers are called bipolarons ... change remarkably as temperature increases over a broad temperature range, and this was a reversible transition They attributed this observation to a transition of polymer conformation from a rigid...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:57

... charged impurities: remote impurity of density Nid located at zi = 490˚ A and interface impurity of density Ni0 located at zi = The values of zi are taken from the experiment [6] and the values ... MSE are taken into account at low electron densities For N > NM IT the mobility can be written as µ = µ0 (1 − A) with A < The parameter A describes the importance of MSE and depends on the random ... in the parallel magnetic field leading to reduced screening in a spin-polarized electron gas We have also obtained similar results for RIS with zi = 490˚ A and Nid = 3.2 × 1013 cm−2 and IRS with...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2015, 10:44

... respectively A square of area a2 has four atoms on the edges of the square and one atom at the center of the square The atoms on the square edges are shared by a total of four squares The total number of ... the GaAs laser are NGa = (2.22 × 1022 )(104 × 10−12 ) = 2.22 × 1014 atoms An equal number of As atoms are also present in the laser EXAMPLE 1.4 Calculate the surface density of Ga atoms on a Ga ... bond per atom ATOMS ON THE (001) PLANE bonds connect each atom to adjacent (001) plane Atoms are either Ga or As in a GaAs crystal Cleaving adjacent planes requires breaking bonds per atom ATOMS...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 17:34

... enhancement of magnetization [7].The dependence of saturation magnetization Ms as a function of Co2+ concentration is shown in Fig.5 At room temperature NiFe2O4 shows a saturation magnetization MS ... coercivity of materials, the second term can take part of several tens percent of HC and the last one whereas can only reach several hundreds of gauss Thus, the increasing of Co-concentration led ... octahedral location That led to increasing of total magnetization of a molecule Ni1-xCoxFe2O4 and hence there is increasing of MS (table 3) Another side, it is known that the magnetizing process of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 04:20

... (forward) and 5¢-TCCAGGCTGCACTGCTCACTC-3¢ (reverse) Each sample was normalized to reference genes: elongation factor (EF-2), 5¢-GACATCACCAAGGGTGTGCA-3¢ (forward) and 5¢-TTCAGCACACTGGCATAGAGGC-3¢ ... radioactively labelled MCPIP cDNA probe and visualized by autoradiography A b-actin probe served as a control for equal loading A single 2.0 kb band was seen in all lanes A 1.8 kb actin isoform ... IL1b transcript with ⁄ without AREs, the first round of PCR was performed using forward primer 5¢-CAAGGCACAA CAGGCTGCTC-3¢ and reverse primer 5¢-GAGAGCA CACCAGTCCAAATTG-3¢ Then a second round of PCR...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... Klebsiella pneumoniae, Branhamella catarrhalis and the pathogenic fungi A fumigatus and C albicans Our results indicate that trappin-2 has a broad antibacterial activity and is fungicidal for A fumigatus ... immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral functions [1] SLPI and elafin ⁄ trappin-2 both have antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria SLPI is active against ... microscope (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) using an acceleration voltage of kV Data analysis Data obatined in the antibacterial and antifungal assays (n = 5) are expressed as a percentage of surviving...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... proteins Arrows indicate the direction of transcription genomic DNA using forward (5¢-GGAGGGATCCCATATG AAGTCTAAATTTAAATTAACG-3¢) and reverse (5¢-GC primers GTGCTCGAGCGATCCATGGAGCCGTA-3¢) that incorporated ... (containing aauB, aauE, aauD, aauA and orf-2) fused to the P denitrificans methylamine utilizing (mau) gene F promoter First, the 3.5 kb aau fragment was amplified by PCR from A faecalis FEBS Journal ... liquid chromatography, NMR, and gas chromatography, by the suppliers Fig Apparent inhibition of AADH as a function of PES concentration (A) Initial velocity data as a function of PES concentration...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... explain the higher antibacterial activity on Gram-negative bacteria for parabutoporin compared to opistoporin Also with magainin analogs, an increase in antibacterial activity against Gram-negative ... (34 amino acids) [19], peptides consisting of amino acids 7–22 of parabutoporin (an a- helical part having the four amino acids LAKK identical to mastoparan) and of the first 28 amino acids of the ... being least active against S marcescens Mastoparan is far less active in inhibiting growth of Gram-negative bacteria and melittin is only active against three of the Gram-negative bacteria at the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... particular, the parameters for VIHN complexes not deviate systematically from those of DAHam and DAHKam This means that the side chain carboxylate of Asp1 does not have a direct effect on metal ... the range of 300900 nm before and after reaction In a separate experiment, a titration of DAHK-am with Ni(II) was performed, also monitored at 420 nm All other experimental details were analogous ... constants (log a values) of Cu(II)-VIHN, Cu-DAHKam and Ni-DAHKam systems The parameters of CD and EPR spectra of all major complexes present at pH 7.4 are provided in Table UVVis spectroscopy Table...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20

... properties of the panels and compare the age effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboard 1.3 References Abd.Latif, M., W .A W Tarmeze, and A Fauzidah 1990 Anatomical features and ... C B A B B A C B A B A A A A A A B B B A A C B A A B C AB B A C B A A B C Epidermis Source A A A B C C Location Year Bottom Height Middle Top Outer Layer Middle Alcohol toluene extractive content ... mechanical properties of three Malaysian bamboos J Tropical Forest Sci 2(3): 227234 Amada, S., Y Ichikawa, T Munekata, Y Nagase, and K Shimizu 1997 Fiber texture and mechanical graded structure of...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... Synthesis and characterization of Bimetallic Pt-Au clusterderived catalyst Catalysis Today, 125, 269-274, 2006 [5] A. Corma and Hermenegilldo Garcia Nanoparticles and catalysis Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and ... Sciences and Technology 26 (2010) 183-190 All parameters about surface area, pore diameter, pore volume, of these materials are showed in table 1: Table Physical parameters of SBA-15 and PS-1 mateials ... typical peaks of Si and Pt and the result from the quantitative estimation of peak areas gives 0,98% weight content of platinum This means that most of platinum was reduced and maintained on SBA-15...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21