thermal desorption solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction

... to a supercritical fluid Meniscus Increasing temp Images from http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/People/CMR/criticalpics.html 17 Extractions with Supercritical Fluids  Why use supercritical fluid extraction ... Supercritical Fluids  Supercritical properties of CO2  The fluid – intermediate between a liquid and a gas  Obtained in a not-so-sudden manner (there is no real transition) Supercritical Fluids ... industry: – Extraction of fats – Extraction of caffeine  Density-stepping SFE – used as a form of “minichromatography” See M McHugh and V Krukonis, Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Principles and Practice,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 01:20

... with H2O2 in supercritical water J Supercritical Fluids, 19, 251-262, 2001 J Jung, M Perrut Particle design using supercritical fluids: literature and patent survey J Supercritical Fluids, 20, ... products containing cholesterol and their extraction with supercritical fluids is presented in Table These results clearly indicate the great potential of supercritical fluid extraction in the recovery ... be soluble in supercritical carbon dioxide and even more soluble in supercritical ethane Extraction with supercritical fluids requires higher investment but can be highly selective and more suitable...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 22:20

... senior and young scientists and engineers with the main idea of discussing the fundamentals and practice of solvent extraction (SX) and liquid membranes (LM) and to grow the new ideas and trends ... Sekine and Y Hasegawa, Solvent Extraction Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, New York (1977) T C Lo, M H I Baird, and C Hanson, Handbook of Solvent Extraction, Wiley-Interscience, New York (1983) G Ritcey and ... J O Liljenzin, and J Rydberg, eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam (1967) Solvent Extraction Research (A S Kertes and Y Marcus, eds.), John Wiley and Sons, New York (1969) Solvent Extraction, Proceedings...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:36

... extractions were attempted at 60 bar and 20ºC These conditions were found to be as effective as supercritical extractions and extraction yields in excess of 96 % in 15 minutes were obtained Extractions ... 25,525 Although, extraction of liquid crystals with volatile organic solvents such as dichloromethane offers a short term solution, these highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic solvents are not ... removed and the liquid crystals were recovered and retained for analysis Following extraction the glass was extracted with DCM to enable the calculation of the percentage recovery RESULTS Initial extractions...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:50

... throughout the extraction period The extraction was performed at 90 W (extraction solvent: ethanol) and 60 W (extraction solvent: acetone) microwave power After the pre-defined extraction period ... (C), ultrasonic assisted extraction (D) and supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction (E) The microwave-irradiated powder was suspended in solvents, extracted and collected samples were ... curcumin using ethanol and ( ) % extraction of curcumin using acetone Fig Curcumin extraction by supercritical CO2 ( ) % Extraction of curcumin from curcuma powder using supercritical CO2 3.3...

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2014, 13:23

... interactions (solute solvent, solvent solvent, and solute–solute) in supercritical fluid solutions Recently, however, significant progress has been made in the use of supercritical fluids and mixtures as ... Sloan, and Andreas Kordikowski 13 Preparation and Processing of Nanoscale Materials by Supercritical Fluid Technology Ya-Ping Sun, Harry W Rollins, Jayasundera Bandara, Jaouad M Meziani, and Christopher ... Frederick S Mandel Surfactants in Supercritical Fluids Janice L Panza and Eric J Beckman In Situ Blending of Electrically Conducting Polymers in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Amyn S Teja and Kimberly...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:48

... flow components and plant components) and solved numerically (Clarke, 1977) Detailed and long-term decisions in design and operation, for the purpose of indoor thermal comfort and energy saving ... between thermal program and airflow network can expand the applications of building simulation tools into indoor air quality and passive cooling studies Coupling between thermal conditions and airflow ... adaptive activities and different thermal perception Baker and Standeven (1996) suggested that adaptive activities/exercises are important to meet thermal satisfaction of the occupants Thermal comfort...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 13:58

... corrosion, slagging and fouling of boilers and agglomeration when used in fluidized beds [12] On the other hand, RDF ash is richer in calcium and silicon, while poorer in phosphorus and alkali, indicating ... work aimed at investigating the thermal behavior of PW and RDF under non-isothermal thermogravimetric conditions and at developing kinetic models for the pyrolysis and combustion of these fuels, ... masses and sizes and gas flow rates were carried out, in order to check the influence of heat and mass transfer Small masses (20-25mg) of each material, thinly distributed in the crucible and particle...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

Ngày tải lên: 03/05/2014, 20:02

... correlation functions and, in particular, interaction-site model–RISM– by D Chandler and H.C Andersen and later extended for the treatment of polar and ionic systems by Rossky and coworkers Path ... chapter 7, Profs Tapia, Andrés and Stamato give an extended analysis of the quantum mechanics of solvent effects, chemical reactions and their reciprocal effects The stand point is somewhat different ... previous wave mechanical treatments of solvent effects by explicitly including a time-dependent approach to solvent dynamics and solute -solvent coupling Solvent fluctuation effects on the solute...

Ngày tải lên: 09/05/2014, 17:06

... almost uniquely describe the thermal character istics of the materials Siderite Cuthbert and Rowland (1947), Kerr and Kulp (1947), Frederickson (1948), and Rowland and Jonas (1949) have discussed ... Berkelhamer, L H., and Speil, S., 1945, Differential thermal analysis : Mine and Quarry Eng., v 10, pp 221-225 Berkelhamer, L H., and Speil, S., 1945, I I Differential thermal analysis : Mine and Quarry ... Grim, R E., and Rowland, R A., 1944, Differential thermal analysis of clays and shales, control and prospecting method: Am Ceramic Soc Jour., v 27, pp 65-76 Grim, R E., Machiu, J S., and Bradley,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/05/2014, 15:57

... assay included a standard curve derived from positive and negative controls Negative controls consisted of 2% BSA and human serum, free of sHLA-I and sHLA-II Positive control standards were prepared ... standard quadrature head coil The imaging protocol included sagittal T1-, axial T1-, T2-weighted, and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images All MRI scans were performed before and ... sHLA-I standards (100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.1 and ng/ml) of pure sHLA-I protein The test values were calculated from the curve described by these standards All sHLA-I assays were standardized...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... held, the intensity of solvent was multiplied by the frequency of solvent exposure and by the corresponding duration of the job phase and summed up Characteristics of cases and control subjects ... statistical analysis and in the critical revision of this manuscript AN and NB who is the PI prepared, designed and coordinated the study and helped to draft the manuscript All authors read and approved ... variable), sex, region, smoking, and alcohol consumption Results Table presents odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between specific solvents and the entire case group...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... both the real and imaginary parts, more coherence between sensors and 6, than and 8, or even than and Of paramount importance is the fact that the non-parametric estimate of the auto- and cross-psd ... MΦ, C∗ = Φ T CΦ and K∗ = Φ T KΦ are respectively the generalized ˙ ¨ mass, damping and stiffness matrices, and η (t), η (t) and η (t) are the modal displacements, velocities and accelerations ... and Adolfo Martucci       Preface   The most important fact related with fluid motion is to understand the fluid patterns,  and the  flow  structure  ‐  vortices,  recirculation  zones,  high ...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 05:20

... limit between gravel and sand is set to 2mm, the limit between sand and silt to 0.063 mm and the limit between silt and clay to 0.002 mm In USA these limits are slightly different and set up by the ... Mineralogy and chemistry of sand and dust The sand material for experiments in the terrestrial wind tunnels is quartz sand from Miocene deposits It contains traces of mica, but >99% of the sand is ... entry and the tower The working area is from m to 5.5 m downstream of the 58 Wind Tunnels and Experimental Fluid Dynamics Research entry The VSW has a sand feed similar to that of the HW and sand...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 05:20

... technique originally developed by Raspet and Moore in early 1950s and subsequently improved and used by Batill and Mueller [1 ], and was further improved by Stahl and Mahmood [2 ] The procedure involves ... 1991, Sứrensen 1995, Sứrensen 2005 and Kok and Renno 2009) The physics governing the splash, the grain trajectories and the momentum exchange between the fluid flow and saltating particles has been ... with trajectories influenced by fluid drag, gravity, particle spin and fluid shear, and electric forces This process has been modeled by several authors (e.g Anderson & Haff 1991, McEwan & Willetts...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 05:20

... Wind Tunnels and Experimental Fluid Dynamics Research fairing geometry should be known and common, with an extensive and contrasted bibliography, so that the aerodynamic forces and momentums ... for aircraft 136 Wind Tunnels and Experimental Fluid Dynamics Research and other fluid mechanical applications The chapter will also demonstrate that various features and important findings from ... researchers in fluids Some applications of the synthetic jet include flow separation control and turbulence, control of thrust vectoring, augmentation of heat transfer and mixing, and microfluidics...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 05:20

... Flow visualisation using ventilator B at (a) 1m/s and rpm; (b) 9.5m/s and 389 rpm and (c) 16.5m/s, 1619 rpm 166 Wind Tunnels and Experimental Fluid Dynamics Research Fig 22 Smoke flow visualisation ... Measurement Standards Using Wind Tunnels Sejong Chun Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science Korea Introduction Accurate air speed measurement is essential to understand flow phenomena and practical ... realized the length and the weight standards2 In 1946, the MKSA system, which stands for Meter, Kilogram, Second, and Ampere, was established to define the length, the weight, the time, and the electric...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 05:20

... Gaussian random signals with 1,000,000 samples, the command can be written as follows [s1, s2, s3] = RandStream.create('mlfg6331_64', 'NumStreams', 3); r1=randn(s1, 1000000, 1); r2=randn(s2, 1000000, ... given initial and boundary conditions can often progress reaching quite different flow patterns It is a fact that most fluid flows are turbulent, and at the same time fluids occur, and in many ... modern society, to geophysical and astrophysical phenomena including planetary interiors, oceans and atmospheres And, despite the widespread occurrence of fluid flow, and the ubiquity of turbulence,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 05:20

... airfoil and more detailed near and far wake measurements We hope to reach a better understanding of the process evolved and, then, to contribute to the practical implementation in wings and/ or ... Fớsica de Fluidos y sus Aplicaciones Mendoza, Argentina Bendat J S and Piersol, A G (1986) Random Data: Analysis and Measurement Procedures, 2nd ed John Wiley & Sons , New York Bloy, A W., and Durrant, ... 232 Wind Tunnels and Experimental Fluid Dynamics Research Couder Y and Basdevant C (1986) Experimental and numerical study of vortex couples in two-dimensional flows Journal of Fluid Mechanics...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 05:20