... σ Y = yield strength of material I = moment of inertia of section L = length of member E = modulus of elasticity of material C = distance to outer fiber from neutral axis of section Figure 21.6 ... Moment of inertia: A measure of the resistance of a body to angular acceleration about a given axis that is equal to the sum of the products of each element of mass in the body and ... and Crede, C.E 1976 Shock and Vibration Handbook, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York [3] Potter, J.M and McHenry, H.I 1990 Fatigue and Fracture Testing of Weldments, ASTM STP 1058 [4] Sandor,...
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
... ofthegirdertoachievethemosteconomicaldesignandtakingadvantageofavailablehigh-strength steels.Thelargerdimensionsofplateandboxgirdersresultintheuseofslenderwebsandflanges, makingbucklingproblemsmorerelevantindesign.Bucklingofplatesthatareadequatelysupported ... presence of openings in plates subjected to in-plane loads is unavoidable in some cases, and the presence of openings affects the stability and ultimate strength of plates. 19.2 Stability of the ... simply supported and free at its longitudinal edges; λ is equal to b f /2t f ;b f and t f are the flange width and thickness, respectively; and E and µ are Young’s modulus of elasticity and the Poisson
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 17 ppt
... end of column C1 is rigidly connected and the far end of column C3 is hinged, we take GAC1 = 0 and GAC2 = 1.0, and obtain from Equations 17. 33, 17. 36, and. .. and GCi = 0, and ... designcodesandspecificationshaveprovisionsconcerningtheeffectivelengthfactor.Theaimofthis chapteristopresentastate-of-the-artengineeringpracticeoftheeffectivelengthfactorforthedesign ofcolumnsinstructures.Inthefirstpartofthischapter,thebasicconceptoftheeffectivelength ... at the near and far ends of a... and 17. 39, 6 GA a11 = C+ a12 a13 = = S −(C + S) (17. 48) (17. 49) (17. 50) (d) If the far end of column C1 is hinged and the far end of column C3
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 16 ppt
... elasticity of steel (Table 16.2) I b = moment of inertia of a batten plate (Section 17.A.1) I f = moment of inertia of one solid flange about weak axis (Section 17.A.1) I i = moment of inertia of individual ... length of a member torsional constant, in.4 radius of gyration, in radius of gyration about minor axis, in yield stress of web, ksi yield stress of flange, ksi modulus of elasticity of ... Figures 16.2 and 16.3 show damage fromthe 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge east span drop off and the collapsed double deck portion of the Cypress freeway, respectively.
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 15 potx
... [6]. This methodology offers a uniform procedure in the industry for calculation of structure loads and strength, and provides a quantified measure of reliability for the design of various transmission ... Deadend Str uctures—These structures are capable of withstanding the full tension of the conductors and shield wires or combinations thereof, on one side of the structure. Stringing— Longitudinal load ... capacity factor and P 1, P 2, and P 3 are axial loads at various guy levels Design of Guys Guys are made of strands of cable attached to the pole and anchor by shackles, thimbles,
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 14 pot
... reinforced concrete shells, this type of analysis represents the state -of- the-art and provides a realistic evaluation of the capacity of such shells against... between the columns and the lintel ... Design and Detailing of Components The structural elements of the tower should be constructed with a suitable grade of concrete following the provisions of applicable codes and standards ... design of the mixture should reflect the conditions for placement of the concrete and the external and internal environment of the tower The shell... interaction of the foundation and
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 13 pps
... to design a roof structure for a square building. Figure 13.1a and b show two different ways of roof framing. The roof system shown in Figure 13.1a is a complex roof comprised of planar latticed ... layout and positioning of columns. 4. Space frames possess a versatility of shape and form and can utilize a standard module to generate various flat space grids, latticed shell, or even free-form ... case of long span roofs that led to a number of notable examples of applications. 2. The units of space frames are usually mass produced in the factory so that they can take full advantage of an
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 12 ppsx
... flexural component of the frame drift is due to tension and compression of the windward and leeward columns The extension of the windward column and shortening of the leeward column ... accommodation of a greater variety of tenant floor plans. For tall building design, it is necessary to reduce the weight of the floors so as to reduce the size of columns and foundations and thus permit ... versatility of the system results from the inherent strength of the concrete floor component in compression and the tensile strength of the steel member. The main advantages of combining the use of steel
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 11 doc
... width of a flat bar stiffener or outstanding leg of an angle stiffener and one-half of the full width of the flange of a tee stiffener and t1 is the thickness of the bar, leg of ... longitudinal and circumferential directions. The number of waves and the shape of the waves are dependent on the geometry of the shell and the type of load applied. For ring stiffened shells, the ... pressing the plates to the desired shape and welding the edges together. Because of the method of construction, the mechanical properties of the shells will vary along the length and around the
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 10 pptx
... of a more difficult design (see Figure 10.4) Width The width of a highway bridge is usually defined as the width of the roadway plus that of the sidewalk, and often the same dimension as that of ... prevent a local buckling of thin members and plates 10.2.2 Welding Welding is the most effective means of connecting steel plates The properties of steel change when heated and this change is usually ... structure and form to blend, harmonize, and enhance its surroundings 10.1.4 Design The bridge design includes selection of a bridge type, structural analysis and member design, and preparation of detailed
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 9 potx
... ; and curvature (for glued laminated timber), C c ; and, of course, flat-use, C fu . Many of these factors, including the flat-use factor, are functions of specific product types and species of ... 87b) and where... single fastener; s = spacing of fasteners within a row; (EA)m and (EA)s = axial stiffness of the main and side member, respectively; REA = ratio of the smaller of ... FurtherReading 9.1 Introduction Woodisoneoftheearliestbuildingmaterials,andassuchitsuseoftenhasbeenbasedmoreon traditionthanprinciplesofengineering.However,thestructuraluseofwoodandwood-based c 1999byCRCPressLLC
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 8 pps
... design differs depending on the type of specification and the ty pe of structure. Codes and standards are available for other types of aluminum structures. Lists and summaries areprovidedelsewhere[1, ... of Bp and Dp are higher than those of elements under... thickness of tube, in Ctb = [(Btb − Bt )/(Dtb − Dt )]2 , intersection of curves, Equations 8. 43 and 8. 49 The values of ... toughness. The strength of the welded material is the same as that of the parent material and there is essentially no effect of welding on structural behavior. Effects of Temperature All of the properties
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 7 potx
... Equations 7. 25 and 7. 26, d = depth of section E = modulus of elasticity Iyc = moment of inertia of the compression portion of a section about the gravity axis of the entire section... ... width of the compression flange and assuming... Thus, the total area is A = Lt, and the moment of inertia of the section is I = I t, where L is the total length of all line elements and ... loading and the span-to-width ratio and is independent of the thickness Flange curling is independent of span length but depends on the thickness and width of the flange, the depth of
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 6 ppsx
... improvement of the form c 1999 by CRC Press LLC and of the materials. Moreover, creative innovation of the form combined with advances of material properties and technologies enables pursuit of the ... (buildings) and span (roofs and bridges) of the structural systems. Advances may be seen to occur as a step-by-step process of development. While the enhancement of the properties of already used ... is taken of the influence of the higher strain at yielding on the possibility to develop the full plastic sagging moment of the cross-section, and of the greater importance of buckling of the steel
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 4 pot
... tion of water, specific gravity, moisture content, and amount of grading of undersize. Slump and unit weight tests should be performed often to ensure uniformity of the mix. During placing and ... levels: university courses, textbooks, handbooks, and standards of practice. Students and practitioners must be encouraged to think of a single continuum of structural concrete. Based on this premise, ... sand. For damp sand, increase the weight of sand 10 lb, and for very wet sand, 20 lb, per bag of cement. c 1999 by CRC Press LLC TABLE 4.4 Types of Portland Cement a Type Usage I Ordinary construction
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 31 pdf
... offered help and advice when needed. Specific publications consulted during the preparation of this text include: American Association of State Highway and Transportation Of cials (AASHTO) “Standard ... for Reinforced Con- crete”; American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) “Manual of Steel Construction,” “Code of Standard Prac- tice,” and “Load and Resistance Factor Design Specifica- tions ... 149 Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete / 150 Tensile Strength of Concrete / 151 Reinforcing Steel / 151 Continuous Beams and One-Way Slabs / 151 Design Methods for Beams, Columns, and Other Members...
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 26 pdf
... capacity, M cap , is a random variable with mean of 20 ft-kips and standard deviation of 4 ft-kips. The load, P , is a random var iable with mean of 4 kips and standard deviation of 1 kip. Compute ... which F i (Ã) and f i (Ã) are the non-normal CDF and PDF, respectively, φ(·) = standard normal PDF, and −1 (·) = inverse standard normal CDF. Once the equivalent normal mean and standard deviation ... (·) = the standard normal CDF, and λ y and ξ y are the lognormal distribution parameters related to à y = mean of random variable Y and V y = coefficient of variation (COV) of random variable...
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Some Famous Problems of the Theory of Numbers and in particular pdf
... PROBLEMS OF THEORY OF NUMBERS *** End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Some Famous Problems of the Theory of Numbers and in particular Waring’s Problem, by G. H. (Godfrey Harold) Hardy *** END OF ... PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FAMOUS PROBLEMS OF THEORY OF NUMBERS *** ***** This file should be named 37030 -pdf. pdf or 37030 -pdf. zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: http://www.gutenberg.org/3/7/0/3/37030/ Produced ... foolish in the object of our devotion, we are only in our small way aping the folly of a long line of famous men, and that, in these days of conflict between THE THEORY OF NUMBERS 11 a power...
Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 19:20
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 30 ppsx
... 260+00200+00 Rock, sand, and rubble fill Very soft to soft silty clay to clay Loose to dense clayey sands and bedded silts, sands, and gravels Very stiff clay Slightly compact to compact clayey silts and silts Slightly ... silts Slightly compact to compact clayey silts, sandy silts, sands, and gravels Dense to very dense silty sand Silts, sands, and gravel Clayey silt, silty clay, and clay © 2001 by CRC Press LLC collapse. ... in 1949, and construction was completed in 1957. The pins and hinges were used to simplify the FIGURE 30.23 Aerial view of Lower San Fernando Dam and San Fernando Valley. (Courtesy of Steinbrugge...
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
Basic Theory of Plates and Elastic Stability - Part 29 pot
... so important that they often dictate the very architecture and layout of the structure; certainly they dominate the design process and are the focus of this chapter. Many of the other factors also ... modes of general collapse in addition to ovalizing: beam bending of the chord (in T-connection tests), beam shear (in the gap of K-connections), transverse crippling of the main member sidewall, and ... load often being a factor of two higher than that indicated on the basis of nominal sections, geometry, and statics. Some local yielding is required for tubular connections to redistribute this and...
Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22
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