theorem proving in lambek

... proceedings of the theorem prover. It starts applying rules, matching them with the an- tecedent, without making use of the original se- mantic information, and thus resulting in an in- efficient ... rule in (I). ALGORITHMS FOR GENERATION IN LAMBEK THEOREM PROVING Erik-Jan van der Linden * Guido Minnen Institute for Language Technology and Artificial Intelligence Tilburg University PO ... generation; theorem proving; bidirection- ality; categorial grammar. 1 INTRODUCTION Algorithms for tactical generation are becoming an increasingly important subject of research in computational linguistics...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 02:20

... (Dutch). van der Linden, H. 1988b User-documentation for SIMPLEX. Internal report 88 ITI B 34, ITI-TNO, Delft (Dutch). Moottgat, M. 1987a Lambek Theorem Proving. In Klein; and van Benthem ... Grammar. To appear in Droste, F., Ed., Main- streams in Linguistics. Benjamins, Amsterdam. Moortgat, M. 1988 Categorial Investigations. Logical and linguistic aspects of the Lambek cal- culus. ... of the searchspace in Lambek Theorem Proving. Inter- nal report 88 ITI B 23, ITI-TNO, Delft (Dutch). Popowich, F. 1988, A Unification-Based Frame- work for Anaphora in Klein and van Benthem...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 19/09/2013, 11:47

... gen- erally, for mathematically inclined readers interested in the formalization of proofs, and the foundations of automatic theorem- proving. The book is self contained, and the level corresponds ... OF CONTENTS xix 6.5 Craig’s Interpolation Theorem, 287 6.5.1 Interpolants, 287 6.5.2 Craig’s Interpolation Theorem Without Equality, 288 6.5.3 Craig’s Interpolation Theorem With Equality, 292 PROBLEMS, ... by swapping the accepting and the rejecting states of M. Since for every input u, the computation C 0 , , C n of M on input u halts in n ≤ p(|u|) steps, the modified machine M accepts Σ ∗ − A...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 09:20

... 2.28) = Z A XZ k dIP (Partial averaging) = Z A Xd f IP (Lemma 2.28) Example 9.2 (Radon-Nikodym Theorem, continued) We show in Fig. 9.1 the values of the martingale Z k . We always have Z 0 =1 ,since Z 0 = IEZ = Z  ZdIP ... equivalently, Z A Xd f IP = Z A XZ k dIP: Chapter 9 Pricing in terms of Market Probabilities: The Radon-Nikodym Theorem. 9.1 Radon-Nikodym Theorem Theorem 1.27 (Radon-Nikodym) Let IP and f IP be two ... self-financing value process (wealth process) consists of X 0 , the non-random initial wealth, and X k+1 = k S k+1 +1+r k X k ,  k S k ;k=0;::: ;n , 1: Then the following processes are martingales...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 03:20

... continuous setting in results such as (1.1) – that is to say, T – to the discrete, namely Z/NZ. Finally, we would like to remark that it is possible, indeed probable, that Roth’s theorem in the ... Ruzsa and the author [9]. In the present context things look rather different however and, in the absence of anything which might be called a “grain”, we think the terminology of [9] no longer ... anything like this could be proved Theorem 1.4 would of course follow trivially. 2. Preliminaries and an outline of the argument Although the main results of this paper concern the primes in [N],...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:21

... LP0 grammars, since commutativity removes the bound on the number of alterations in L(a). Instead we exploit an assymmetry inherent in the Lifting operation. As noted in (Lambek, 1988), Lifting is a ... TreeCElim. Using hypothetical rea- soning and applying the Right Elimina- tion rule i < n times, we can obtain i times the type a". All remaining a's can be lifted to obtain it Thus,  for  any  71  N+, U{(s, ... naming function) if G assigns types to the symbols in the string such that these types can be combined to de- rive the distinguished type, normally written as s or t. Definition 1 A domain...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 21:20

... lumped into a single quantity known as integral of the function, and in doing so any knowledge of that detailed structure is lost. Therefore, since the process of integration results in a loss ... field point r and the source point r’ respectively. Since the contribution to the force density from any pair of sources and field points will lie along the line joining the two points, 'r () ( ) ( ) ( ) ''n'' 2nn 'r n r rrrrrrrr ... multiplying equation (N 1.2.2) by r and integrating over V produces the same result as multiplying equation (N 1.2.3) by r' and integrating over V'. Thus, doing this and adding equation...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:37

... Jong for pointing out an error in the proof of Theorem 1.1 in the first version of the article, and the referee for forcing and helping us to restore the whole strength of Theorem 1.1 in the corrected ... Deligne’s integrality theorem in unequal characteristic and rational points over finite fields By H´el`ene Esnault* INTEGRALITY 729 of ⊕ n 0 H ∗ ( ¯ V j , Q  ). Since integrality ... quoting Lewis Carroll to express his “confusion”, is a P 2 blown up 7 times, crossing itself in 7 rational double curves, themselves crossing in 7 triple points Theorem 1.3 allows one to say (in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:20

... be exponentially small in M at the beginning of the argument. This parameter then gets exponentiated again in any application of Proposition 5.1. We note that our proof in fact yields a version of Theorem 1.3 ... ob- tained in the case G = T by Helson [15] and G = T d by Rudin [20]. See [19, Ch. 3] for a complete discussion of the theorem. When G is finite the idempotent theorem gives us no information, since M(G) ... within d(f, Z) + ε of an integer. Noting that f ∞  f A  M, we see from Lemma 4.15 that ψ S  f(x) is not within d(f, Z) + ε/2 of an integer for any x ∈ x 0 + X ε/40d  M . Choosing, according to...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 20:21

... a singular noun or a verbal infinitive, if possible, and looks it up again. Nouns remain in the singular, since the determiner of a noun provides the transla- tion routine with enough information ... for parenthesizing and grouping are stated in the following outline. OUTLINE OF THE PARENTHESIZING AND GROUPING ROUTINE The rules listed below are applied in sequence to an initially parenthesized ... procedure is described in greater detail in the following outline. OUTLINE OF THE PARSING ROUTINE Shelf 9 is input shelf, Shelf 6 is output shelf, Shelf 1 is for the partial parsings, Shelf 8 is...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 17:20

... following proposition. If a function of a real argument is continuous in some interval and in this interval takes only integer values, then it takes only one value in the whole interval. Indeed, ... independent cycles in one of the ways indicated in Problem 190, then N contains all the permutations splitting into independent cycles in this way. 192. Prove that the group does not contain normal subgroups except ... the point of the plane having the coordinates So instead of the point corre- sponding to the complex number we shall say simply point 233. Let the complex numbers be represented by the points...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 14:57

... below). For information about publishing your research in Journal of Inequalities and Applications go to http://www.journalofinequalitiesandapplications.com/authors/instructions/ For information ... sequence in theorem 1.1 obtained by Huang [12] but also removed the condition nP(|X 1 | > η n ) ≤ c(log n) ε 0 , 0 < ε 0 < 1 in theorem 1.1 of [12]. Remark 1.4. If EX 2 < ∞, then X is in ... Foundation of China (11061012), the project supported by program to Sponsor Teams for Innovation in the Construction of Talent Highlands in Guangxi Institutions of Higher Learning ([2011]47),...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... noted that in [20- 22], the asymptotically nonexpansive in the intermedi- ate sense mapping is required to be uniformly continuous. In this article, we assume the continuity of T instead of un ... iform continuity. Chidume et al. [ 20] gave the w eak convergence theorem for u niforml y continuous nonself mapping which is asymptoti- cally nonexpansive in the intermediate sense in uniformly ... nonself nonexpansive mappings. Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2005,1–9 (2005) 15. Shahzad, N: Approximating fixed points of non-self nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces. Nonlinear Anal: Theory, Methods...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... point results: nondecreasing case Our starting point is the following definition. Definition 2.1. Let ( X, ≤) be a partially ordered set and T: X ® X a mapping. We say that T is nondecreasing ... be seen using ε = d(x, y) in (1) when x <y. Proof of Theorem 2.3.IfTx 0 = x 0 , then the proof is finished. Suppose that x 0 <Tx 0 and T is a nondecreasing mapping, we obtain by induction ... d(z, Tz) = inf{d(x, Tx): x Î X} = 0 and, therefore, z is a fixed point of T. The uniqueness of the fixed point is proved as in Theorem 2.7. Remark 3.3. A parallel result in the nonincreasing case...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

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Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20