theiler apos s murine encephalomyelitis virus as a model for ms

... hand, TO subgroup strains cause a biphasic disease after intracerebral inoculation The early disease, which appears 1–2 weeks postinoculation (p.i.), has clinical and pathological features that ... Himeda T, Ohara Y, Asakura K, Kontani Y, Murakami M, Suzuki H, Sawada M: A lentiviral expression system demonstrates that L* protein of Theiler' s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) is essential ... DNA laddering in control cells that not express L*, but failed to so in L*-expressing P388D1 cells The activity of caspase-3 was raised in the control cells and was inhibited by a caspase family...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... macrophages were again used as reference Cytotoxicity was also assessed each 24 h during days As the EDs revealed to be non-toxic (results not shown), the results of the viability assay are only discussed ... persistence by increasing or decreasing virus titers Because there might be a rational basis for the upregulation as well as the downregulation of viral replication, these strategies now await ... Phase-contrast images of (A) RAW; (B) DRAW and (C) CDRAW cells Phase-contrast images of (A) RAW; (B) DRAW and (C) CDRAW cells Magnification: 400× Protein array analysis of secreted cytokines by (D) RAW;...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Statistical analysis Data were compiled and the statistical analysis was performed using SigmaStat (Systat, San Jose, CA) software (version 3.5), with TMEV vs saline treatment, and SJL/J vs C57BL/6 strain ... in various model of immune diseases such as lupus, arthritis and MS (see Ehlers and Ravetch[13] and Papadimitraki, Bertsias and Boumpas[6] for reviews) The implication of TLRs in the genesis of ... mRNA) as described previously[12] Data analysis The relative intensity of mRNA signals was measured on Biomax MR X-ray films (Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) Transmittance values (referred to in this...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... improve hiPSC technology as well as for a complete evaluation of the possible consequences of use of hiPSCs for drug screening, as disease models and for medical purposes Conclusions The use of stem ... engraftment was achieved using both methods as shown by expression of human CD45 3–6 months post-transplantation Additionally, secondary engraftment was achieved following intravenous transplantation ... mouse model of sickle cell anemia carrying the human mutant variant of the b-globin gene (bS) that is responsible for the disease Fibroblasts from a diseased animal were reprogrammed into iPSCs, and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20

... (GenBank accession number AF481864) Virus titration was performed on AP61 cells by focus immunodetection assay as previously described [9] Infectivity titers were expressed as focus forming units ... 77:2578-2586 Xiao SY, Guzman H, Zhang H, Travassos da Rosa AP, Tesh RB: West Nile virus infection in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus): a model for West Nile encephalitis Emerg Infect Dis 2001, ... mainly resistant to WNV infection This is consistent with in vivo data showing a massive infection of brain structures such as brain stem, hippocampus and cortex of WNV-infected animals [12] and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... collection phase and the start of assembly and analysis The end of this phase will be marked clearly on the snake genomics website [21], as will milestones of data analysis and release The maximum ... posted on the Ensembl [31], University of California Santa Cruz [32] and NCBI [33] genome browsers for public queries as soon as it is available and passes contamination analyses, and relevant ... the families Viperidae (for example, rattlesnakes, and adders) and Elapidae (for example, coral snakes, cobras, and mambas) In addition to these lineages that contain commonly used model research...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 23:20

... expression of collagenase-3 in normal, differentiating rat osteoblasts J Cell Physiol 1999, 181:479-488 129 Yamashita T, Asano K, Takahashi N, Akatsu T, Udagawa N, Sasaki T, Martin TJ, Suda T: ... process as far as is feasible in order to conserve the greatest amounts of innate and biomechanically sufficient (albeit necrotic) epiphyseal bone for as long as possible, because accelerated ... intravascular coagulation and osteonecrosis in man He has suggested that the mediatory pathway of fat emboli, hypercoagulability, stasis and endothelial damage by free fatty acids induces osteonecrosis...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... regionalism art that deals with one specific geographical area school a group of artists with common interests myths Stories about Greek and Roman gods and goddesses that explains and teaches about ... ethical moral, and contemporary standards of a society armature A structure of wood or wire for example used under sculptural materials, such as clay for support asymmetry A balance achieved through ... discussions of myth and mythologies Compare the "god-like" qualities of a particular character (such as Diana, goddess of the hunt) to a modern character (such as Mia Hamm, huntress of a soccer...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 10:20

... the Ape1 Protein Based on the method of incision, AP Endonucleases can be classified into two classes: Class I AP Endonucleases Class I AP endonucleases are also known as AP Lyases (or β-lyases) ... endonucleases are the major class of endonucleases and are also known as hydrolytic endonucleases as they hydrolyze the phosphodiester backbone 5’ to the AP site Based on homology, Class II AP Endonucleases ... chemotherapeutic agents The SF767 glioblastoma cell line was used in our assays as the chemotherapeutic agents used to treat gliobastomas induce lesions repaired by the BER pathway AR03 is cytotoxic to SF767...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 13:10

... first The subjects were asked to rate one sample a day at any time of the day they wanted Similarly to the tasting sessions, As the final task in the second tasting session, most of the subjects ... sample The scales used were the same as in the tasting sessions Subjects were also asked to evaluate the amount of eaten snack product using a 5-point visual scale with simple boxes black and white ... evaluation sessions lasting approximately 30 each In addition to the tasting sessions, the subjects participated in a six-day home-use test Subjects received a small food reward after the last...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2013, 21:06

... from successful past teams into new teams in other areas, by job rotation and by using experienced mentors for teams (Madhaven, 1998) As interaction with customers and suppliers increase, the knowledge ... regard to key trends The survey data was not used to establish reasons and meanings The survey ®ndings are fully discussed in McAdam and McCreedy (1999) Participative workshops The survey data showed ... organisation].' `Take catering, a new menu in California is in the best restaurants in Paris a fortnight later because you have chefs who travel the world.' Collaboration was seen as important for...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 12:15

... partners have mandated that the legal assistants have Internet access 24hours -a- day, 7-days -a- week What design changes would you make to ensure that the legal assistants would always have Internet access? ... mission-critical Web-based application that manages customer reservations, ticketing, baggage handling, and baggage tracking Support for a mission-critical Web-based application that allows customers ... discuss your answers with the class Scenario A legal firm specializes in patent and copyright law At each geographic location, legal assistants within the firm conduct research for the firm’s...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 18:15

... of applications that can take advantage of multicast transmissions RIP -for- IP version is an example of a protocol that can take advantage of multicast transmissions to update routing information ... initially created for the market research company Washington DC Kansas City Los Angeles Atlanta Dallas Delivery Tip Read the scenario to the students and review the questions as a group Give the students ... Access is not an appropriate solution for all locations As a result, you would need to use routers that support full-multicast routing at Kansas City, Los Angeles, and New York All other locations...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 18:15

... prepared to clarify if necessary Lead a class discussion on the students’ responses Module 10: RADIUS as a Solution for Remote Access v Securing a RADIUS Solution A secure RADIUS solution ensures ... the RADIUS client is a remote access server If Remote Access Clients Must • Administer Windows 2000–based servers • Access Web-based applications and FTP servers • Run applications that are based ... clarify if necessary Lead a class discussion on the students’ responses vi Module 10: RADIUS as a Solution for Remote Access Lab Strategy Use the following strategy to present this lab Lab A: ...

Ngày tải lên: 22/10/2013, 16:15

... effective and which standards are necessary for success 175 Social factors as a basis for treatment Conclusion Social factors can affect the course and outcome of mental illness Programmes that attempt ... mental health system at standard rates of pay As case manager aides they helped their clients with a variety of tasks, such as applying for welfare entitlements and finding housing, and counselling ... replicated in other areas of the United States 173 Social factors as a basis for treatment A jail diversion programme People suffering from both substance abuse disorder and serious mental illness...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 09:20

... mask, and neighbor or gateway addresses Server applications that assign IP addresses and resolve symbolic names to IP addresses require a fixed IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway Addresses ... advanced interior routing protocols such as RIP version and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) The following table lists the class-based addresses Address Class Address Range Default Mask Purpose ... default mask Classes with variable length subnet masks (VLSM) Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) with a specified prefix length Class-based networks support a single subnet mask, and are suitable...

Ngày tải lên: 21/12/2013, 05:18

... clients and BOOTP clients When IP addresses are issued, DHCP Clients retain the address for a lease period BOOTP clients, as used in many diskless workstations, not support IP address leases Note ... To describe how modifying lease length influences address reclamation As Lease Length Network Traffic IP Addresses Release As Lease Length Network Traffic IP Addresses Release Lead-in You can modify ... questions Be prepared to discuss your answers with the class Scenario An organization has decided to restructure an existing DHCP-based network You are assigned the task of evaluating how to enhance...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 08:20

... records For organizations that have a separate private and public namespace, create the subdomain for WINS under the private namespace For organizations that have the same namespace for private and ... updated DNS servers by using secured dynamic updates For example, a server hosting a Web site has a Host (A) record in a dynamically updated DNS zone A second server is installed that has the same ... increases as well Similarly, as the DNS zone database size increases, the length of time to resolve DNS queries increases Delegated zones divide a DNS zone database into smaller parts, thereby...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 08:20

... this case, however, does not refer to ready-made, transferable solutions; it refers to practices as generative ideas, which serve as sources of inspiration for companies Universities as Partners ... effectiveness in purchases and more reliable deliveries The core company has a special VAVE team and each supplier company has a VAVE coordinator External support for the Network s discussions, training ... which researchers are supposed to have an advantage over consultants as development partners of companies, owing to their basically critical scientific approach towards the ‘reality’ It is an open...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 00:20